attest Who acts: something, witness, trophies, I, she, full shelf · What happens: show, prove, be, state, sign, attest · To what, where: writing, document, clear evidence, signature, fox · Speech: someone speaks here
«attest» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: attest in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 Usage: formal — kept apart, not parsed.
To show or prove that something is true.
mark cc conj mark nsubj cop ccomp punct root To PART show VERB or CCONJ prove VERB that SCONJ something PRON is AUX true ADJ . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 To to PART _ 2 show mark 2 show show VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 3 or or CCONJ _ 4 prove cc 4 prove prove VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin 2 show conj 5 that that SCONJ _ 8 true mark 6 something something PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 8 true nsubj 7 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 8 true cop 8 true true ADJ Degree=Pos 4 prove ccomp 9 . . PUNCT _ 2 show punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 show to-infinitive vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent 2 prove infinitive vn declare-29.4-1-1 «NP V what S_INF»: agent=Agent 3 is present something true property tree rules
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 Usage: formal, law — kept apart, not parsed.
To state officially, often in writing, that something is true, like a witness signing a document.
The tree, 16 words mark csubj advmod punct advmod case obl punct mark nsubj cop punct case det parataxis acl det obj punct root To PART state VERB officially ADV , PUNCT often ADV in ADP writing NOUN , PUNCT that SCONJ something PRON is AUX true ADJ , PUNCT like ADP a DET witness NOUN signing VERB a DET document NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 To to PART _ 2 state mark 2 state state VERB VerbForm=Inf 12 true csubj 3 officially officially ADV _ 2 state advmod 4 , , PUNCT _ 7 writing punct 5 often often ADV _ 7 writing advmod 6 in in ADP _ 7 writing case 7 writing writing NOUN Number=Sing 2 state obl 8 , , PUNCT _ 12 true punct 9 that that SCONJ _ 12 true mark 10 something something PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 12 true nsubj 11 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 12 true cop 12 true true ADJ Degree=Pos root root 13 , , PUNCT _ 16 witness punct 14 like like ADP _ 16 witness case 15 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 16 witness det 16 witness witness NOUN Number=Sing 12 true parataxis 17 signing sign VERB VerbForm=Ger 16 witness acl 18 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 19 document det 19 document document NOUN Number=Sing 17 signing obj 20 . . PUNCT _ 12 true punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 state speech: other to-infinitive writing officially property vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent 2 is present something true property tree rules 3 sign gerund a witness not said here a document vn image_impression-25.1 «NP V NP.destination»: agent=Agent document=Destination
Meaning 3 Usage: formal — kept apart, not parsed.
To be clear evidence of something ("The trophies attest to her skill").
The tree, 12 words mark cop amod case nmod punct punct det nsubj parataxis case nmod:poss obl punct punct punct root To PART be AUX clear ADJ evidence NOUN of ADP something PRON ( PUNCT " PUNCT The DET trophies NOUN attest VERB to ADP her PRON skill NOUN " PUNCT ) PUNCT . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 To to PART _ 4 evidence mark 2 be be AUX VerbForm=Inf 4 evidence cop 3 clear clear ADJ Degree=Pos 4 evidence amod 4 evidence evidence NOUN Number=Sing root root 5 of of ADP _ 6 something case 6 something something PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 4 evidence nmod 7 ( ( PUNCT _ 11 attest punct 8 " " PUNCT _ 11 attest punct 9 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 10 trophies det 10 trophies trophy NOUN Number=Plur 11 attest nsubj 11 attest attest VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 something parataxis 12 to to ADP _ 14 skill case 13 her her PRON Case=Gen Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 14 skill nmod:poss 14 skill skill NOUN Number=Sing 11 attest obl 15 " " PUNCT _ 14 skill punct 16 ) ) PUNCT _ 11 attest punct 17 . . PUNCT _ 4 evidence punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a to-infinitive clear evidence of something tree rules 2 attest in a quote present the trophies to her skill tree rules
Example 1 I can attest that she worked very hard.
nsubj aux mark nsubj ccomp advmod xcomp punct root I PRON can AUX attest VERB that SCONJ she PRON worked VERB very ADV hard ADJ . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 I I PRON Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 3 attest nsubj 2 can can AUX VerbForm=Fin 3 attest aux 3 attest attest VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 4 that that SCONJ _ 6 worked mark 5 she she PRON Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 6 worked nsubj 6 worked work VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 3 attest ccomp 7 very very ADV _ 8 hard advmod 8 hard hard ADJ Degree=Pos 6 worked xcomp 9 . . PUNCT _ 3 attest punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 attest can I tree rules 2 work past she hard property vn employment-95.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent
Example 2 The full shelf of trophies attests to her skill.
det amod nsubj case nmod case nmod:poss obl punct root The DET full ADJ shelf NOUN of ADP trophies NOUN attests VERB to ADP her PRON skill NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 shelf det 2 full full ADJ Degree=Pos 3 shelf amod 3 shelf shelf NOUN Number=Sing 6 attests nsubj 4 of of ADP _ 5 trophies case 5 trophies trophy NOUN Number=Plur 3 shelf nmod 6 attests attest VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 7 to to ADP _ 9 skill case 8 her her PRON Case=Gen Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 9 skill nmod:poss 9 skill skill NOUN Number=Sing 6 attests obl 10 . . PUNCT _ 6 attests punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 attest present the full shelf of trophies to her skill tree rules
Example 3 Two witnesses attested the signature on the will.
nummod nsubj det obj case det advcl punct root Two NUM witnesses NOUN attested VERB the DET signature NOUN on ADP the DET will AUX . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Two two NUM NumForm=Word NumType=Card 2 witnesses nummod 2 witnesses witness NOUN Number=Plur 3 attested nsubj 3 attested attest VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 5 signature det 5 signature signature NOUN Number=Sing 3 attested obj 6 on on ADP _ 8 will case 7 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 8 will det 8 will will AUX VerbForm=Fin 3 attested advcl 9 . . PUNCT _ 3 attested punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 attest past Two witnesses the signature tree rules
Example 4 Old maps attest to a village here long ago.
amod nsubj case det obl advmod advmod advmod punct root Old ADJ maps NOUN attest VERB to ADP a DET village NOUN here ADV long ADV ago ADV . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Old old ADJ Degree=Pos 2 maps amod 2 maps map NOUN Number=Plur 3 attest nsubj 3 attest attest VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 to to ADP _ 6 village case 5 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 6 village det 6 village village NOUN Number=Sing 3 attest obl 7 here here ADV PronType=Dem 3 attest advmod 8 long long ADV Degree=Pos 9 ago advmod 9 ago ago ADV _ 3 attest advmod 10 . . PUNCT _ 3 attest punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 attest present Old maps here to a village; ago property tree rules
Example 5 Many parents can attest to the teacher's kindness.
amod nsubj aux case det nmod:poss case obl punct root Many ADJ parents NOUN can AUX attest VERB to ADP the DET teacher NOUN 's PART kindness NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Many many ADJ Degree=Pos 2 parents amod 2 parents parent NOUN Number=Plur 4 attest nsubj 3 can can AUX VerbForm=Fin 4 attest aux 4 attest attest VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 5 to to ADP _ 9 kindness case 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 teacher det 7 teacher teacher NOUN Number=Sing 9 kindness nmod:poss 8 's 's PART _ 7 teacher case 9 kindness kindness NOUN Number=Sing 4 attest obl 10 . . PUNCT _ 4 attest punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 attest can Many parents to the teacher's kindness tree rules
Example 6 The doctor attested that he was too ill to travel.
det nsubj mark nsubj cop advmod advcl mark advcl punct root The DET doctor NOUN attested VERB that SCONJ he PRON was AUX too ADV ill ADJ to PART travel VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 doctor det 2 doctor doctor NOUN Number=Sing 3 attested nsubj 3 attested attest VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 that that SCONJ _ 8 ill mark 5 he he PRON Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 8 ill nsubj 6 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 8 ill cop 7 too too ADV _ 8 ill advmod 8 ill ill ADJ Degree=Pos 3 attested advcl 9 to to PART _ 10 travel mark 10 travel travel VERB VerbForm=Inf 8 ill advcl 11 . . PUNCT _ 3 attested punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 attest past the doctor tree rules 2 is past doctor ill property tree rules 3 travel to-infinitive doctor not said here vn run-51.3.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
Example 7 Footprints in the mud attest that a fox passed by.
nsubj case det nmod mark det obj acl advmod punct root Footprints NOUN in ADP the DET mud NOUN attest VERB that SCONJ a DET fox NOUN passed VERB by ADP . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Footprints footprint NOUN Number=Plur 5 attest nsubj 2 in in ADP _ 4 mud case 3 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 4 mud det 4 mud mud NOUN Number=Sing 1 Footprints nmod 5 attest attest VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 6 that that SCONJ _ 8 fox mark 7 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 8 fox det 8 fox fox NOUN Number=Sing 5 attest obj 9 passed pass VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 8 fox acl 10 by by ADP _ 9 passed advmod 11 . . PUNCT _ 5 attest punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 attest present Footprints in the mud a fox tree rules 2 pass by participle a fox not said here vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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