barnacle Who acts: that, person, barnacle, Barnacles, careful barnacles, old whale · What happens: stick, stay, not go away, be, cover, slow down · To what, where: shell, humorous old word, rocks, Barnacles, food, bare feet · Speech: someone speaks here
«barnacle» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: barnacle in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 A small sea animal with a hard shell that sticks itself to rocks, ships and whales and stays there.
The tree, 19 words det amod compound case det amod nmod nsubj parataxis obj case obl punct conj cc conj cc conj advmod punct root A DET small ADJ sea NOUN animal NOUN with ADP a DET hard ADJ shell NOUN that PRON sticks VERB itself PRON to ADP rocks NOUN , PUNCT ships NOUN and CCONJ whales NOUN and CCONJ stays VERB there ADV . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 4 animal det 2 small small ADJ Degree=Pos 4 animal amod 3 sea sea NOUN Number=Sing 4 animal compound 4 animal animal NOUN Number=Sing root root 5 with with ADP _ 8 shell case 6 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 8 shell det 7 hard hard ADJ Degree=Pos 8 shell amod 8 shell shell NOUN Number=Sing 4 animal nmod 9 that that PRON PronType=Rel 10 sticks nsubj 10 sticks stick VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 animal parataxis 11 itself itself PRON Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs Reflex=Yes 10 sticks obj 12 to to ADP _ 13 rocks case 13 rocks rock NOUN Number=Plur 10 sticks obl 14 , , PUNCT _ 15 ships punct 15 ships ship NOUN Number=Plur 13 rocks conj 16 and and CCONJ _ 17 whales cc 17 whales whale NOUN Number=Plur 13 rocks conj 18 and and CCONJ _ 19 stays cc 19 stays stay VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 10 sticks conj 20 there there ADV PronType=Dem 19 stays advmod 21 . . PUNCT _ 4 animal punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 stick present that shell to rocks and ships and whales vn shake-22.3-2 «NP V NP PP»: agent=Agent itself=Patient to rock=Co-Patient 2 stay present that not said here there vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 Usage: informal — kept apart, not parsed.
A person who sticks to someone and will not go away.
det nsubj acl:relcl case obl cc aux advmod conj advmod punct root A DET person NOUN who PRON sticks VERB to ADP someone PRON and CCONJ will AUX not PART go VERB away ADV . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 person det 2 person person NOUN Number=Sing root root 3 who who PRON PronType=Rel 4 sticks nsubj 4 sticks stick VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 2 person acl:relcl 5 to to ADP _ 6 someone case 6 someone someone PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 4 sticks obl 7 and and CCONJ _ 10 go cc 8 will will AUX VerbForm=Fin 10 go aux 9 not not PART Polarity=Neg 10 go advmod 10 go go VERB VerbForm=Inf 4 sticks conj 11 away away ADV _ 10 go advmod 12 . . PUNCT _ 2 person punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 stick present a person to someone vn shake-22.3-2 «NP V NP PP»: agent=Agent to someone=Co-Patient 2 not go away future a person not said here away property vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
Meaning 3 A barnacle can also be a humorous old word for a pair of trousers or pantaloons.
The tree, 16 words det nsubj aux advmod cop det amod amod case det nmod case nmod cc conj punct root A DET barnacle NOUN can AUX also ADV be AUX a DET humorous ADJ old ADJ word NOUN for ADP a DET pair NOUN of ADP trousers NOUN or CCONJ pantaloons NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 barnacle det 2 barnacle barnacle NOUN Number=Sing 9 word nsubj 3 can can AUX VerbForm=Fin 9 word aux 4 also also ADV _ 9 word advmod 5 be be AUX VerbForm=Inf 9 word cop 6 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 9 word det 7 humorous humorous ADJ Degree=Pos 9 word amod 8 old old ADJ Degree=Pos 9 word amod 9 word word NOUN Number=Sing root root 10 for for ADP _ 12 pair case 11 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 12 pair det 12 pair pair NOUN Number=Sing 9 word nmod 13 of of ADP _ 14 trousers case 14 trousers trousers NOUN Number=Plur 12 pair nmod 15 or or CCONJ _ 16 pantaloons cc 16 pantaloons pantaloon NOUN Number=Plur 14 trousers conj 17 . . PUNCT _ 9 word punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a can a barnacle a humorous old word for a pair of trousers or pantaloons tree rules
Example 1 The rocks at the beach were covered in barnacles.
det nsubj:pass case det nmod aux:pass case obl punct root The DET rocks NOUN at ADP the DET beach NOUN were AUX covered VERB in ADP barnacles NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 rocks det 2 rocks rock NOUN Number=Plur 7 covered nsubj:pass 3 at at ADP _ 5 beach case 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 5 beach det 5 beach beach NOUN Number=Sing 2 rocks nmod 6 were be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 7 covered aux:pass 7 covered cover VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass root root 8 in in ADP _ 9 barnacles case 9 barnacles barnacle NOUN Number=Plur 7 covered obl 10 . . PUNCT _ 7 covered punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 cover past · passive the rocks at the beach in barnacles vn fill-9.8-1 «NP V NP PP.theme»: subject=Destination in barnacle=Theme
Example 2 Barnacles stick to the bottom of boats and slow them down.
nsubj case det obl case nmod cc conj obj compound:prt punct root Barnacles NOUN stick VERB to ADP the DET bottom NOUN of ADP boats NOUN and CCONJ slow VERB them PRON down ADP . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Barnacles barnacle NOUN Number=Plur 2 stick nsubj 2 stick stick VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 to to ADP _ 5 bottom case 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 5 bottom det 5 bottom bottom NOUN Number=Sing 2 stick obl 6 of of ADP _ 7 boats case 7 boats boat NOUN Number=Plur 5 bottom nmod 8 and and CCONJ _ 9 slow cc 9 slow slow VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 2 stick conj 10 them they PRON Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs 9 slow obj 11 down down ADP _ 9 slow compound:prt 12 . . PUNCT _ 2 stick punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 stick present Barnacles to the bottom of boats vn shake-22.3-2 «NP V NP PP»: agent=Agent to bottom=Co-Patient 2 slow down present Barnacles not said here Barnacles = barnacle vn other_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent they=Patient
Example 3 A barnacle catches food with its feathery legs.
det nsubj obj case nmod:poss amod obl punct root A DET barnacle NOUN catches VERB food NOUN with ADP its PRON feathery ADJ legs NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 barnacle det 2 barnacle barnacle NOUN Number=Sing 3 catches nsubj 3 catches catch VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 food food NOUN Number=Sing 3 catches obj 5 with with ADP _ 8 legs case 6 its its PRON Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 8 legs nmod:poss 7 feathery feathery ADJ Degree=Pos 8 legs amod 8 legs leg NOUN Number=Plur 3 catches obl 9 . . PUNCT _ 3 catches punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 catch present a barnacle food with barnacle's feathery legs vn get-13.5.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent food=Theme
Example 4 Be careful, barnacles are sharp on bare feet.
cop amod punct nsubj cop case amod obl punct root Be AUX careful ADJ , PUNCT barnacles NOUN are AUX sharp ADJ on ADP bare ADJ feet NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Be be AUX VerbForm=Inf 2 careful cop 2 careful careful ADJ Degree=Pos 4 barnacles amod 3 , , PUNCT _ 2 careful punct 4 barnacles barnacle NOUN Number=Plur 6 sharp nsubj 5 are be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 sharp cop 6 sharp sharp ADJ Degree=Pos root root 7 on on ADP _ 9 feet case 8 bare bare ADJ Degree=Pos 9 feet amod 9 feet foot NOUN Number=Plur 6 sharp obl 10 . . PUNCT _ 6 sharp punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is infinitive careful property tree rules 2 is present careful barnacles bare feet sharp property tree rules
Example 5 The old whale had barnacles on its skin.
det amod nsubj obj case nmod:poss obl punct root The DET old ADJ whale NOUN had VERB barnacles NOUN on ADP its PRON skin NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 whale det 2 old old ADJ Degree=Pos 3 whale amod 3 whale whale NOUN Number=Sing 4 had nsubj 4 had have VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 5 barnacles barnacle NOUN Number=Plur 4 had obj 6 on on ADP _ 8 skin case 7 its its PRON Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 8 skin nmod:poss 8 skin skin NOUN Number=Sing 4 had obl 9 . . PUNCT _ 4 had punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 have past the old whale barnacles whale's skin vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent barnacle=Patient
Example 6 Barnacles are related to crabs and lobsters, not to snails.
nsubj cop case obl cc conj punct advmod case conj punct root Barnacles NOUN are AUX related ADJ to ADP crabs NOUN and CCONJ lobsters NOUN , PUNCT not PART to ADP snails NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Barnacles barnacle NOUN Number=Plur 3 related nsubj 2 are be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 3 related cop 3 related related ADJ Degree=Pos root root 4 to to ADP _ 5 crabs case 5 crabs crab NOUN Number=Plur 3 related obl 6 and and CCONJ _ 7 lobsters cc 7 lobsters lobster NOUN Number=Plur 5 crabs conj 8 , , PUNCT _ 11 snails punct 9 not not PART Polarity=Neg 11 snails advmod 10 to to ADP _ 11 snails case 11 snails snail NOUN Number=Plur 5 crabs conj 12 . . PUNCT _ 3 related punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is present Barnacles to crabs and lobsters and snails; related property tree rules
Example 7 My little brother clung to me like a barnacle all day.
nmod:poss amod acl case obl case det obl det nmod:unmarked punct root My PRON little ADJ brother NOUN clung VERB to ADP me PRON like ADP a DET barnacle NOUN all DET day NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 My my PRON Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 3 brother nmod:poss 2 little little ADJ Degree=Pos 3 brother amod 3 brother brother NOUN Number=Sing root root 4 clung cling VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 3 brother acl 5 to to ADP _ 6 me case 6 me I PRON Case=Acc Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 4 clung obl 7 like like ADP _ 9 barnacle case 8 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 9 barnacle det 9 barnacle barnacle NOUN Number=Sing 4 clung obl 10 all all DET PronType=Tot 11 day det 11 day day NOUN Number=Sing 9 barnacle nmod:unmarked 12 . . PUNCT _ 3 brother punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 cling participle My little brother not said here me like a barnacle all day vn cling-22.5 «NP V PP.co-theme»: agent=Theme to i=Co-Theme
Example 8 “No, that's my 'barnacle.' And what do you call these?” said he pointing to his pantaloons.
Sentence 1: “No, that's my 'barnacle.'
punct discourse punct nsubj cop nmod:poss case punct punct root “ PUNCT No INTJ , PUNCT that PRON 's AUX my PRON ' PART barnacle NOUN . PUNCT ' PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 “ " PUNCT _ 8 barnacle punct 2 No no INTJ Polarity=Neg 8 barnacle discourse 3 , , PUNCT _ 2 No punct 4 that that PRON Number=Sing PronType=Dem 8 barnacle nsubj 5 's be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 8 barnacle cop 6 my my PRON Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 8 barnacle nmod:poss 7 ' 's PART _ 6 my case 8 barnacle barnacle NOUN Number=Sing root root 9 . . PUNCT _ 8 barnacle punct 10 ' ' PUNCT _ 8 barnacle punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a in a quote present that my barnacle tree rules
Sentence 2: And what do you call these?” said he pointing to his pantaloons.
The tree, 12 words cc obj aux nsubj parataxis obj punct punct nsubj ccomp case nmod:poss obl punct root And CCONJ what PRON do AUX you PRON call VERB these PRON ? PUNCT ” PUNCT said VERB he PRON pointing VERB to ADP his PRON pantaloons NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 And and CCONJ _ 5 call cc 2 what what PRON PronType=Int 5 call obj 3 do do AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 call aux 4 you you PRON Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs 5 call nsubj 5 call call VERB VerbForm=Inf 9 said parataxis 6 these this PRON Number=Plur PronType=Dem 5 call obj 7 ? ? PUNCT _ 5 call punct 8 ” " PUNCT _ 5 call punct 9 said say VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 10 he he PRON Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 11 pointing nsubj 11 pointing point VERB VerbForm=Ger 9 said ccomp 12 to to ADP _ 14 pantaloons case 13 his his PRON Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 14 pantaloons nmod:poss 14 pantaloons pantaloon NOUN Number=Plur 11 pointing obl 15 . . PUNCT _ 9 said punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 call speech: assert present · do-support you these vn dub-29.3.2 «NP V NP NP»: agent=Agent what=Theme this=Result 2 say speech: assert in a quote past vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 3 point in a quote gerund he his pantaloons vn wink-40.3.1 «NP V PP.recipient»: agent=Agent to pantaloon=Recipient
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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