barrier Who acts: barrier, bar, something, you, train, Police · What happens: be, stop, go, make, do, not climb · To what, where: fence, people, anything, something, safety barrier, barriers · Speech: someone speaks here
«barrier» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 9 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: barrier in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 A barrier is a fence, gate, wall or bar that stops people or things from going somewhere.
The tree, 17 words det nsubj cop det punct conj punct nmod cc conj nsubj acl:relcl obj cc conj mark advcl advmod punct root A DET barrier NOUN is AUX a DET fence NOUN , PUNCT gate NOUN , PUNCT wall NOUN or CCONJ bar NOUN that PRON stops VERB people NOUN or CCONJ things NOUN from SCONJ going VERB somewhere ADV . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 barrier det 2 barrier barrier NOUN Number=Sing 5 fence nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 fence cop 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 fence det 5 fence fence NOUN Number=Sing root root 6 , , PUNCT _ 7 gate punct 7 gate gate NOUN Number=Sing 5 fence conj 8 , , PUNCT _ 9 wall punct 9 wall wall NOUN Number=Sing 5 fence nmod 10 or or CCONJ _ 11 bar cc 11 bar bar NOUN Number=Sing 9 wall conj 12 that that PRON PronType=Rel 13 stops nsubj 13 stops stop VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 11 bar acl:relcl 14 people people NOUN Number=Plur 13 stops obj 15 or or CCONJ _ 16 things cc 16 things thing NOUN Number=Plur 14 people conj 17 from from SCONJ _ 18 going mark 18 going go VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 13 stops advcl 19 somewhere somewhere ADV PronType=Ind 18 going advmod 20 . . PUNCT _ 5 fence punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present a barrier a fence and gate wall or bar nmod tree rules 2 stop present bar people or things vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP V NP.eventuality»: agent=Subeventuality people=Eventuality 3 go gerund bar not said here somewhere property vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 A barrier can also be anything that makes something hard to do, like a language barrier.
The tree, 16 words det nsubj aux advmod cop nsubj acl:relcl obj xcomp mark xcomp punct case det compound obl punct root A DET barrier NOUN can AUX also ADV be AUX anything PRON that PRON makes VERB something PRON hard ADJ to PART do VERB , PUNCT like ADP a DET language NOUN barrier NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 barrier det 2 barrier barrier NOUN Number=Sing 6 anything nsubj 3 can can AUX VerbForm=Fin 6 anything aux 4 also also ADV _ 6 anything advmod 5 be be AUX VerbForm=Inf 6 anything cop 6 anything anything PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind root root 7 that that PRON PronType=Rel 8 makes nsubj 8 makes make VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 anything acl:relcl 9 something something PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 8 makes obj 10 hard hard ADJ Degree=Pos 8 makes xcomp 11 to to PART _ 12 do mark 12 do do VERB VerbForm=Inf 10 hard xcomp 13 , , PUNCT _ 17 barrier punct 14 like like ADP _ 17 barrier case 15 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 17 barrier det 16 language language NOUN Number=Sing 17 barrier compound 17 barrier barrier NOUN Number=Sing 12 do obl 18 . . PUNCT _ 6 anything punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a can a barrier anything tree rules 2 make present something hard property vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset something=Product 3 do to-infinitive something not said here like a language barrier vn act-114-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
Example 1 Never climb over the safety barrier at the cliff.
advmod case det compound obl case det obl punct root Never ADV climb VERB over ADP the DET safety NOUN barrier NOUN at ADP the DET cliff NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Never never ADV PronType=Neg 2 climb advmod 2 climb climb VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 3 over over ADP _ 6 barrier case 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 6 barrier det 5 safety safety NOUN Number=Sing 6 barrier compound 6 barrier barrier NOUN Number=Sing 2 climb obl 7 at at ADP _ 9 cliff case 8 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 9 cliff det 9 cliff cliff NOUN Number=Sing 2 climb obl 10 . . PUNCT _ 2 climb punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 not climb imperative you not said here the safety barrier at the cliff vn run-51.3.2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme over barrier=Trajectory
Example 2 The barrier came down because a train was coming.
det nsubj advmod mark det nsubj aux advcl punct root The DET barrier NOUN came VERB down ADV because SCONJ a DET train NOUN was AUX coming VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 barrier det 2 barrier barrier NOUN Number=Sing 3 came nsubj 3 came come VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 down down ADV _ 3 came advmod 5 because because SCONJ _ 9 coming mark 6 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 7 train det 7 train train NOUN Number=Sing 9 coming nsubj 8 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 9 coming aux 9 coming come VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 3 came advcl 10 . . PUNCT _ 3 came punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 come down past the barrier down property vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme 2 come past · progressive a train vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
Example 3 Police put up barriers to keep the crowd back.
nsubj compound:prt obj mark advcl det obj advmod punct root Police NOUN put VERB up ADP barriers NOUN to PART keep VERB the DET crowd NOUN back ADV . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Police police NOUN Number=Plur 2 put nsubj 2 put put VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 up up ADP _ 2 put compound:prt 4 barriers barrier NOUN Number=Plur 2 put obj 5 to to PART _ 6 keep mark 6 keep keep VERB VerbForm=Inf 2 put advcl 7 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 8 crowd det 8 crowd crowd NOUN Number=Sing 6 keep obj 9 back back ADV _ 6 keep advmod 10 . . PUNCT _ 2 put punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 put up past Police barriers vn invest-13.5.4-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Agent barrier=Goal 2 keep back to-infinitive Police not said here the crowd vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent crowd=Theme
Example 4 Not speaking English was a barrier for the new boy at first.
advmod nsubj cop det obj case det amod nmod case obl punct root Not PART speaking VERB English PROPN was AUX a DET barrier NOUN for ADP the DET new ADJ boy NOUN at ADP first ADV . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Not not PART Polarity=Neg 2 speaking advmod 2 speaking speak VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part root root 3 English English PROPN Number=Sing 6 barrier nsubj 4 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 6 barrier cop 5 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 6 barrier det 6 barrier barrier NOUN Number=Sing 2 speaking obj 7 for for ADP _ 10 boy case 8 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 10 boy det 9 new new ADJ Degree=Pos 10 boy amod 10 boy boy NOUN Number=Sing 6 barrier nmod 11 at at ADP _ 12 first case 12 first first ADV NumForm=Word NumType=Ord 2 speaking obl 13 . . PUNCT _ 2 speaking punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 not speak speech: other gerund vn talk-37.5 «NP V»: agent=Agent 2 is a past English a barrier for the new boy tree rules
Example 5 The Great Barrier Reef is off the coast of Australia.
det amod compound nsubj cop case det case nmod punct root The DET Great ADJ Barrier PROPN Reef PROPN is AUX off ADP the DET coast NOUN of ADP Australia PROPN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 4 Reef det 2 Great great ADJ Degree=Pos 4 Reef amod 3 Barrier Barrier PROPN Number=Sing 4 Reef compound 4 Reef Reef PROPN Number=Sing 8 coast nsubj 5 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 8 coast cop 6 off off ADP _ 8 coast case 7 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 8 coast det 8 coast coast NOUN Number=Sing root root 9 of of ADP _ 10 Australia case 10 Australia Australia PROPN Number=Sing 8 coast nmod 11 . . PUNCT _ 8 coast punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is present the Great Barrier Reef off the coast; of Australia tree rules
Example 6 A fence is a barrier around the swimming pool.
det nsubj cop det case det compound nmod punct root A DET fence NOUN is AUX a DET barrier NOUN around ADP the DET swimming NOUN pool NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 fence det 2 fence fence NOUN Number=Sing 5 barrier nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 barrier cop 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 barrier det 5 barrier barrier NOUN Number=Sing root root 6 around around ADP _ 9 pool case 7 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 9 pool det 8 swimming swimming NOUN Number=Sing 9 pool compound 9 pool pool NOUN Number=Sing 5 barrier nmod 10 . . PUNCT _ 5 barrier punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present a fence a barrier the swimming pool tree rules
Example 7 Ramps remove barriers for wheelchair users.
nsubj obj case compound obl punct root Ramps NOUN remove VERB barriers NOUN for ADP wheelchair NOUN users NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Ramps ramp NOUN Number=Plur 2 remove nsubj 2 remove remove VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 barriers barrier NOUN Number=Plur 2 remove obj 4 for for ADP _ 6 users case 5 wheelchair wheelchair NOUN Number=Sing 6 users compound 6 users user NOUN Number=Plur 2 remove obl 7 . . PUNCT _ 2 remove punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 remove present Ramps barriers for wheelchair users vn fire-10.10 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent barrier=Theme
Example 8 Skin is a barrier that keeps germs out.
nsubj cop det nsubj acl:relcl obj advmod punct root Skin NOUN is AUX a DET barrier NOUN that PRON keeps VERB germs NOUN out ADV . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Skin skin NOUN Number=Sing 4 barrier nsubj 2 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 barrier cop 3 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 4 barrier det 4 barrier barrier NOUN Number=Sing root root 5 that that PRON PronType=Rel 6 keeps nsubj 6 keeps keep VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 barrier acl:relcl 7 germs germ NOUN Number=Plur 6 keeps obj 8 out out ADV _ 6 keeps advmod 9 . . PUNCT _ 4 barrier punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present Skin a barrier tree rules 2 keep out present a barrier germs out property vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent germ=Theme
Example 9 Furiously did the enraged gnome fling two great clouds together, and hurl a thunderbolt after the flying maiden, splintering the rocky barriers which had stood a thousand years.
The tree, 28 words advmod det amod compound obj nummod amod nmod advmod punct cc parataxis det obj mark det amod csubj punct advcl det amod obj nsubj:pass aux acl:relcl det nummod obl:unmarked punct root Furiously ADV did VERB the DET enraged VERB gnome NOUN fling NOUN two NUM great ADJ clouds NOUN together ADV , PUNCT and CCONJ hurl VERB a DET thunderbolt NOUN after SCONJ the DET flying VERB maiden ADJ , PUNCT splintering VERB the DET rocky ADJ barriers NOUN which PRON had AUX stood VERB a DET thousand NUM years NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Furiously furiously ADV _ 2 did advmod 2 did do VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 6 fling det 4 enraged enrage VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 6 fling amod 5 gnome gnome NOUN Number=Sing 6 fling compound 6 fling fling NOUN Number=Sing 2 did obj 7 two two NUM NumForm=Word NumType=Card 9 clouds nummod 8 great great ADJ Degree=Pos 9 clouds amod 9 clouds cloud NOUN Number=Plur 6 fling nmod 10 together together ADV _ 2 did advmod 11 , , PUNCT _ 13 hurl punct 12 and and CCONJ _ 13 hurl cc 13 hurl hurl VERB VerbForm=Inf 2 did parataxis 14 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 15 thunderbolt det 15 thunderbolt thunderbolt NOUN Number=Sing 13 hurl obj 16 after after SCONJ _ 19 maiden mark 17 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 19 maiden det 18 flying fly VERB VerbForm=Ger 19 maiden amod 19 maiden maiden ADJ Degree=Pos 13 hurl csubj 20 , , PUNCT _ 21 splintering punct 21 splintering splinter VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 19 maiden advcl 22 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 24 barriers det 23 rocky rocky ADJ Degree=Pos 24 barriers amod 24 barriers barrier NOUN Number=Plur 21 splintering obj 25 which which PRON PronType=Rel 27 stood nsubj:pass 26 had have AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 27 stood aux 27 stood stand VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 24 barriers acl:relcl 28 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 29 thousand det 29 thousand thousand NUM NumForm=Word NumType=Card 30 years nummod 30 years year NOUN Number=Plur 27 stood obl:unmarked 31 . . PUNCT _ 2 did punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 do past the enraged gnome fling two great clouds furiously, together property vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent fling=Eventuality 2 enrage participle vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer 3 hurl infinitive a thunderbolt vn throw-17.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent thunderbolt=Theme 4 fly gerund vn spatial_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme 5 splinter gerund the rocky barriers vn break-45.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent barrier=Patient 6 stand past · perfect · passive the rocky barriers year vn admire-31.2 «NP V NP»: subject=Stimulus
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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