bats Who acts: Bats, one stick, she, turn, Hundreds, Fruit bats · What happens: be, fly, hit, bat, mean, take · To what, where: plural, ball, turn, cave, mangoes, upside · Speech: someone speaks here
«bats» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 9 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: bats in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 Bats is the plural of bat: more than one flying animal, or more than one stick for hitting a ball.
The tree, 20 words nsubj cop det case nmod punct advmod fixed nummod amod appos punct cc advmod fixed nummod appos mark acl det obj punct root Bats NOUN is AUX the DET plural NOUN of ADP bat NOUN : PUNCT more ADJ than ADP one NUM flying VERB animal NOUN , PUNCT or CCONJ more ADJ than ADP one NUM stick NOUN for SCONJ hitting VERB a DET ball NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Bats bat NOUN Number=Plur 4 plural nsubj 2 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 plural cop 3 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 4 plural det 4 plural plural NOUN Number=Sing root root 5 of of ADP _ 6 bat case 6 bat bat NOUN Number=Sing 4 plural nmod 7 : : PUNCT _ 12 animal punct 8 more more ADJ Degree=Cmp ExtPos=ADV 10 one advmod 9 than than ADP _ 8 more fixed 10 one one NUM NumForm=Word NumType=Card 12 animal nummod 11 flying fly VERB VerbForm=Ger 12 animal amod 12 animal animal NOUN Number=Sing 4 plural appos 13 , , PUNCT _ 18 stick punct 14 or or CCONJ _ 18 stick cc 15 more more ADJ Degree=Cmp ExtPos=ADV 17 one advmod 16 than than ADP _ 15 more fixed 17 one one NUM NumForm=Word NumType=Card 18 stick nummod 18 stick stick NOUN Number=Sing 12 animal appos 19 for for SCONJ _ 20 hitting mark 20 hitting hit VERB VerbForm=Ger 18 stick acl 21 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 22 ball det 22 ball ball NOUN Number=Sing 20 hitting obj 23 . . PUNCT _ 4 plural punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present Bats the plural of bat tree rules 2 fly gerund vn spatial_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme 3 hit gerund one stick not said here a ball vn contiguous_location-47.8-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme ball=Co-Theme
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 As a verb, «she bats» means she takes a turn hitting the ball.
The tree, 13 words case det obl punct punct nsubj nsubj punct nsubj ccomp det obj acl det obj punct root As ADP a DET verb NOUN , PUNCT « PUNCT she PRON bats NOUN » PUNCT means VERB she PRON takes VERB a DET turn NOUN hitting VERB the DET ball NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 As as ADP _ 3 verb case 2 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 3 verb det 3 verb verb NOUN Number=Sing 9 means obl 4 , , PUNCT _ 3 verb punct 5 « « PUNCT _ 7 bats punct 6 she she PRON Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 7 bats nsubj 7 bats bat NOUN Number=Plur 9 means nsubj 8 » » PUNCT _ 7 bats punct 9 means mean VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 10 she she PRON Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 11 takes nsubj 11 takes take VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 9 means ccomp 12 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 13 turn det 13 turn turn NOUN Number=Sing 11 takes obj 14 hitting hit VERB VerbForm=Ger 13 turn acl 15 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 16 ball det 16 ball ball NOUN Number=Sing 14 hitting obj 17 . . PUNCT _ 9 means punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 bat in a quote she tree rules 2 mean present bats as a verb vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 3 take present she a turn vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent turn=Theme 4 hit gerund a turn not said here the ball vn contiguous_location-47.8-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme ball=Co-Theme
Meaning 3 In informal British talk, «bats» means a bit crazy.
case amod amod obl punct punct nsubj punct det obl:unmarked xcomp punct root In ADP informal ADJ British ADJ talk NOUN , PUNCT « PUNCT bats NOUN » PUNCT means VERB a DET bit NOUN crazy ADJ . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 In in ADP _ 4 talk case 2 informal informal ADJ Degree=Pos 4 talk amod 3 British British ADJ Degree=Pos 4 talk amod 4 talk talk NOUN Number=Sing 9 means obl 5 , , PUNCT _ 4 talk punct 6 « « PUNCT _ 7 bats punct 7 bats bat NOUN Number=Plur 9 means nsubj 8 » » PUNCT _ 7 bats punct 9 means mean VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 10 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 11 bit det 11 bit bit NOUN Number=Sing 12 crazy obl:unmarked 12 crazy crazy ADJ Degree=Pos 9 means xcomp 13 . . PUNCT _ 9 means punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 mean present bats in informal British talk; crazy property vn representation-110.1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Pivot in talk=Attribute
Example 1 Hundreds of bats flew out of the cave.
nsubj case nmod case case det obl punct root Hundreds NOUN of ADP bats NOUN flew VERB out ADP of ADP the DET cave NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Hundreds hundred NOUN Number=Plur 4 flew nsubj 2 of of ADP _ 3 bats case 3 bats bat NOUN Number=Plur 1 Hundreds nmod 4 flew fly VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 5 out out ADP _ 8 cave case 6 of of ADP _ 8 cave case 7 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 8 cave det 8 cave cave NOUN Number=Sing 4 flew obl 9 . . PUNCT _ 4 flew punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 fly out past Hundreds of bats the cave vn spatial_configuration-47.6-1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location cave=Theme
Example 2 Fruit bats eat mangoes and figs.
compound nsubj obj cc conj punct root Fruit NOUN bats NOUN eat VERB mangoes NOUN and CCONJ figs NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Fruit fruit NOUN Number=Sing 2 bats compound 2 bats bat NOUN Number=Plur 3 eat nsubj 3 eat eat VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 mangoes mango NOUN Number=Plur 3 eat obj 5 and and CCONJ _ 6 figs cc 6 figs fig NOUN Number=Plur 4 mangoes conj 7 . . PUNCT _ 3 eat punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 eat present Fruit bats mangoes and figs vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent mango=Patient
Example 3 Bats sleep upside down in the day.
nsubj obj advmod case det obl punct root Bats NOUN sleep VERB upside NOUN down ADV in ADP the DET day NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Bats bat NOUN Number=Plur 2 sleep nsubj 2 sleep sleep VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 upside upside NOUN Number=Sing 2 sleep obj 4 down down ADV _ 2 sleep advmod 5 in in ADP _ 7 day case 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 day det 7 day day NOUN Number=Sing 2 sleep obl 8 . . PUNCT _ 2 sleep punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 sleep down present Bats upside day down property vn snooze-40.4-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent upside=Theme
Example 4 Put the cricket bats back in the shed.
det compound obj advmod case det obl punct root Put VERB the DET cricket NOUN bats NOUN back ADV in ADP the DET shed NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Put put VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 2 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 4 bats det 3 cricket cricket NOUN Number=Sing 4 bats compound 4 bats bat NOUN Number=Plur 1 Put obj 5 back back ADV _ 1 Put advmod 6 in in ADP _ 8 shed case 7 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 8 shed det 8 shed shed NOUN Number=Sing 1 Put obl 9 . . PUNCT _ 1 Put punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 put imperative you not said here the cricket bats the shed vn put-9.1-2 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent bat=Theme in shed=Destination
Example 5 She bats left-handed.
nsubj nsubj:pass amod punct punct root She PRON bats NOUN left ADJ - PUNCT handed VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 She she PRON Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 2 bats nsubj 2 bats bat NOUN Number=Plur 5 handed nsubj:pass 3 left left ADJ Degree=Pos 2 bats amod 4 - - PUNCT _ 3 left punct 5 handed hand VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass root root 6 . . PUNCT _ 5 handed punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 bat She tree rules 2 hand participle · passive bats vn send-11.1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme
Example 6 Bats help by eating mosquitoes.
nsubj mark advcl obj punct root Bats NOUN help VERB by SCONJ eating VERB mosquitoes NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Bats bat NOUN Number=Plur 2 help nsubj 2 help help VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 by by SCONJ _ 4 eating mark 4 eating eat VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 2 help advcl 5 mosquitoes mosquito NOUN Number=Plur 4 eating obj 6 . . PUNCT _ 2 help punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 help present Bats vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent 2 eat gerund Bats not said here mosquitoes vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent mosquito=Patient
Example 7 Some bats live in the roofs of old barns.
det nsubj case det obl case amod nmod punct root Some DET bats NOUN live VERB in ADP the DET roofs NOUN of ADP old ADJ barns NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Some some DET PronType=Ind 2 bats det 2 bats bat NOUN Number=Plur 3 live nsubj 3 live live VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 in in ADP _ 6 roofs case 5 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 6 roofs det 6 roofs roof NOUN Number=Plur 3 live obl 7 of of ADP _ 9 barns case 8 old old ADJ Degree=Pos 9 barns amod 9 barns barn NOUN Number=Plur 6 roofs nmod 10 . . PUNCT _ 3 live punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 live present some bats the roofs of old barns vn lodge-46 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in roof=Location
Example 8 My little brother goes bats when he's tired.
nmod:poss amod nsubj obj mark nsubj cop advcl punct root My PRON little ADJ brother NOUN goes VERB bats NOUN when SCONJ he PRON 's AUX tired ADJ . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 My my PRON Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 3 brother nmod:poss 2 little little ADJ Degree=Pos 3 brother amod 3 brother brother NOUN Number=Sing 4 goes nsubj 4 goes go VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 5 bats bat NOUN Number=Plur 4 goes obj 6 when when SCONJ _ 9 tired mark 7 he he PRON Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 9 tired nsubj 8 's be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 9 tired cop 9 tired tired ADJ Degree=Pos 4 goes advcl 10 . . PUNCT _ 4 goes punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 go present My little brother bats vn meander-47.7 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location bat=Theme 2 is present brother tired property tree rules
Example 9 Shining glow-worms covered the ceiling, and sky-blue bats flapped their transparent wings.
The tree, 14 words amod compound punct nsubj det obj punct cc compound punct amod nsubj conj nmod:poss amod obj punct root Shining VERB glow NOUN - PUNCT worms NOUN covered VERB the DET ceiling NOUN , PUNCT and CCONJ sky NOUN - PUNCT blue ADJ bats NOUN flapped VERB their PRON transparent ADJ wings NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Shining shine VERB VerbForm=Ger 4 worms amod 2 glow glow NOUN Number=Sing 4 worms compound 3 - - PUNCT _ 2 glow punct 4 worms worm NOUN Number=Plur 5 covered nsubj 5 covered cover VERB Mood=Ind Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 ceiling det 7 ceiling ceiling NOUN Number=Sing 5 covered obj 8 , , PUNCT _ 14 flapped punct 9 and and CCONJ _ 14 flapped cc 10 sky sky NOUN Number=Sing 13 bats compound 11 - - PUNCT _ 10 sky punct 12 blue blue ADJ Degree=Pos 13 bats amod 13 bats bat NOUN Number=Plur 14 flapped nsubj 14 flapped flap VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 5 covered conj 15 their their PRON Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 17 wings nmod:poss 16 transparent transparent ADJ Degree=Pos 17 wings amod 17 wings wing NOUN Number=Plur 14 flapped obj 18 . . PUNCT _ 5 covered punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 shine gerund vn light_emission-43.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme 2 cover past Shining glow worms the ceiling vn fill-9.8-1 «NP V NP.destination»: agent=Agent ceiling=Destination 3 flap past sky blue bats bats's transparent wings vn crane-40.3.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent wing=Patient
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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