beam Who acts: beam, long strong piece, balance beam, narrow bar, They, roof · What happens: be, hold up, beam, walk, jump on, cut · To what, where: long strong piece, roof, building, line, narrow bar, something
«beam» in the school dictionary: its 5 meanings for a pupil and its 10 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: beam in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 A beam is a long, strong piece of wood or metal that holds up a roof or floor in a building.
The tree, 21 words det nsubj cop det amod punct amod case nmod cc conj nsubj acl:relcl compound:prt det obj cc conj case det obl punct root A DET beam NOUN is AUX a DET long ADJ , PUNCT strong ADJ piece NOUN of ADP wood NOUN or CCONJ metal NOUN that PRON holds VERB up ADP a DET roof NOUN or CCONJ floor NOUN in ADP a DET building NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 beam det 2 beam beam NOUN Number=Sing 8 piece nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 8 piece cop 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 8 piece det 5 long long ADJ Degree=Pos 8 piece amod 6 , , PUNCT _ 5 long punct 7 strong strong ADJ Degree=Pos 8 piece amod 8 piece piece NOUN Number=Sing root root 9 of of ADP _ 10 wood case 10 wood wood NOUN Number=Sing 8 piece nmod 11 or or CCONJ _ 12 metal cc 12 metal metal NOUN Number=Sing 10 wood conj 13 that that PRON PronType=Rel 14 holds nsubj 14 holds hold VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 8 piece acl:relcl 15 up up ADP _ 14 holds compound:prt 16 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 17 roof det 17 roof roof NOUN Number=Sing 14 holds obj 18 or or CCONJ _ 19 floor cc 19 floor floor NOUN Number=Sing 17 roof conj 20 in in ADP _ 22 building case 21 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 22 building det 22 building building NOUN Number=Sing 14 holds obl 23 . . PUNCT _ 8 piece punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present a beam a long strong piece of wood or metal tree rules 2 hold up present a long strong piece a roof or floor a building vn support-15.3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot roof=Theme
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 A beam is also a line of light, like a beam from a torch.
The tree, 14 words det nsubj cop advmod det case nmod punct case det appos case det nmod punct root A DET beam NOUN is AUX also ADV a DET line NOUN of ADP light NOUN , PUNCT like ADP a DET beam NOUN from ADP a DET torch NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 beam det 2 beam beam NOUN Number=Sing 6 line nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 line cop 4 also also ADV _ 6 line advmod 5 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 6 line det 6 line line NOUN Number=Sing root root 7 of of ADP _ 8 light case 8 light light NOUN Number=Sing 6 line nmod 9 , , PUNCT _ 12 beam punct 10 like like ADP _ 12 beam case 11 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 12 beam det 12 beam beam NOUN Number=Sing 6 line appos 13 from from ADP _ 15 torch case 14 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 15 torch det 15 torch torch NOUN Number=Sing 12 beam nmod 16 . . PUNCT _ 6 line punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present a beam a line of light tree rules
Meaning 3 To beam is to smile very widely and happily.
mark csubj cop mark advmod advmod cc conj punct root To PART beam VERB is AUX to PART smile VERB very ADV widely ADV and CCONJ happily ADV . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 To to PART _ 2 beam mark 2 beam beam VERB VerbForm=Inf 5 smile csubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 smile cop 4 to to PART _ 5 smile mark 5 smile smile VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 6 very very ADV _ 7 widely advmod 7 widely widely ADV _ 5 smile advmod 8 and and CCONJ _ 9 happily cc 9 happily happily ADV _ 7 widely conj 10 . . PUNCT _ 5 smile punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 beam to-infinitive vn light_emission-43.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme 2 is present smile, widely property tree rules
Meaning 4 A balance beam is a narrow bar that gymnasts walk and jump on.
det compound nsubj cop det amod nsubj nsubj acl:relcl cc conj advmod punct root A DET balance NOUN beam NOUN is AUX a DET narrow ADJ bar NOUN that PRON gymnasts NOUN walk VERB and CCONJ jump VERB on ADV . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 3 beam det 2 balance balance NOUN Number=Sing 3 beam compound 3 beam beam NOUN Number=Sing 7 bar nsubj 4 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 7 bar cop 5 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 7 bar det 6 narrow narrow ADJ Degree=Pos 7 bar amod 7 bar bar NOUN Number=Sing root root 8 that that PRON PronType=Rel 10 walk nsubj 9 gymnasts gymnast NOUN Number=Plur 10 walk nsubj 10 walk walk VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 7 bar acl:relcl 11 and and CCONJ _ 12 jump cc 12 jump jump VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 10 walk conj 13 on on ADV _ 12 jump advmod 14 . . PUNCT _ 7 bar punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present a balance beam a narrow bar tree rules 2 walk present a narrow bar vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme 3 jump on present a narrow bar not said here vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
Meaning 5 To beam something is to send it, like a signal or a picture.
The tree, 13 words mark advcl obj cop mark obj punct case det parataxis cc det conj punct root To PART beam VERB something PRON is AUX to PART send VERB it PRON , PUNCT like ADP a DET signal NOUN or CCONJ a DET picture NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 To to PART _ 2 beam mark 2 beam beam VERB VerbForm=Inf 6 send advcl 3 something something PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 2 beam obj 4 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 send cop 5 to to PART _ 6 send mark 6 send send VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 7 it it PRON Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 6 send obj 8 , , PUNCT _ 11 signal punct 9 like like ADP _ 11 signal case 10 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 11 signal det 11 signal signal NOUN Number=Sing 6 send parataxis 12 or or CCONJ _ 14 picture cc 13 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 14 picture det 14 picture picture NOUN Number=Sing 11 signal conj 15 . . PUNCT _ 6 send punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 beam to-infinitive something vn light_emission-43.1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent something=Theme 2 is present send property tree rules
Example 1 The beam is 6 metres long.
det nsubj cop nummod obl:unmarked punct root The DET beam NOUN is AUX 6 NUM metres NOUN long ADJ . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 beam det 2 beam beam NOUN Number=Sing 6 long nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 long cop 4 6 6 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 5 metres nummod 5 metres metre NOUN Number=Plur 6 long obl:unmarked 6 long long ADJ Degree=Pos root root 7 . . PUNCT _ 6 long punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is present the beam 6 metres obl:unmarked ; long property tree rules
Example 2 They cut the beam into 3 equal parts.
nsubj det obj case nummod amod obl punct root They PRON cut VERB the DET beam NOUN into ADP 3 NUM equal ADJ parts NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 They they PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs 2 cut nsubj 2 cut cut VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 4 beam det 4 beam beam NOUN Number=Sing 2 cut obj 5 into into ADP _ 8 parts case 6 3 3 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 8 parts nummod 7 equal equal ADJ Degree=Pos 8 parts amod 8 parts part NOUN Number=Plur 2 cut obl 9 . . PUNCT _ 2 cut punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 cut past They the beam 3 equal parts vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP.material PP.product»: agent=Agent beam=Material into part=Product
Example 3 The roof needs 12 beams.
det nsubj nummod obj punct root The DET roof NOUN needs VERB 12 NUM beams NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 roof det 2 roof roof NOUN Number=Sing 3 needs nsubj 3 needs need VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 12 12 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 5 beams nummod 5 beams beam NOUN Number=Plur 3 needs obj 6 . . PUNCT _ 3 needs punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 need present the roof 12 beams vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Pivot beam=Theme
Example 4 Each beam weighs 40 kg.
det nsubj nummod obj punct root Each DET beam NOUN weighs VERB 40 NUM kg NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Each each DET PronType=Tot 2 beam det 2 beam beam NOUN Number=Sing 3 weighs nsubj 3 weighs weigh VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 40 40 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 5 kg nummod 5 kg kg NOUN Number=Plur 3 weighs obj 6 . . PUNCT _ 3 weighs punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 weigh present each beam 40 kg vn register-54.1-2-1 «NP V NP.value»: agent=Theme kg=Value
Example 5 A beam of light came from the lighthouse.
det nsubj case nmod case det obl punct root A DET beam NOUN of ADP light NOUN came VERB from ADP the DET lighthouse NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 beam det 2 beam beam NOUN Number=Sing 5 came nsubj 3 of of ADP _ 4 light case 4 light light NOUN Number=Sing 2 beam nmod 5 came come VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 6 from from ADP _ 8 lighthouse case 7 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 8 lighthouse det 8 lighthouse lighthouse NOUN Number=Sing 5 came obl 9 . . PUNCT _ 5 came punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 come past a beam of light the lighthouse vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial_location»: agent=Theme from lighthouse=Initial_Location 2 beam light nom beam «communication transitive»: of=patient
Example 6 Light beams travel in straight lines.
compound nsubj case amod obl punct root Light NOUN beams NOUN travel VERB in ADP straight ADJ lines NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Light light NOUN Number=Sing 2 beams compound 2 beams beam NOUN Number=Plur 3 travel nsubj 3 travel travel VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 in in ADP _ 6 lines case 5 straight straight ADJ Degree=Pos 6 lines amod 6 lines line NOUN Number=Plur 3 travel obl 7 . . PUNCT _ 3 travel punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 travel present Light beams straight lines vn run-51.3.2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in line=Trajectory
Example 7 She beamed when she got her prize.
nsubj advmod nsubj advcl nmod:poss obj punct root She PRON beamed VERB when ADV she PRON got VERB her PRON prize NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 She she PRON Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 2 beamed nsubj 2 beamed beam VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 when when ADV PronType=Int 5 got advmod 4 she she PRON Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 5 got nsubj 5 got get VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 2 beamed advcl 6 her her PRON Case=Gen Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 7 prize nmod:poss 7 prize prize NOUN Number=Sing 5 got obj 8 . . PUNCT _ 2 beamed punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 beam past She vn light_emission-43.1 «NP.location V PP.theme»: agent=Location 2 get past she her prize vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer prize=Stimulus
Example 8 The gymnast did a cartwheel on the beam.
det nsubj det obj case det obl punct root The DET gymnast NOUN did VERB a DET cartwheel NOUN on ADP the DET beam NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 gymnast det 2 gymnast gymnast NOUN Number=Sing 3 did nsubj 3 did do VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 cartwheel det 5 cartwheel cartwheel NOUN Number=Sing 3 did obj 6 on on ADP _ 8 beam case 7 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 8 beam det 8 beam beam NOUN Number=Sing 3 did obl 9 . . PUNCT _ 3 did punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 do past the gymnast a cartwheel the beam vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent cartwheel=Eventuality
Example 9 Old houses have wooden beams on the ceiling.
amod nsubj amod obj case det nmod punct root Old ADJ houses NOUN have VERB wooden ADJ beams NOUN on ADP the DET ceiling NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Old old ADJ Degree=Pos 2 houses amod 2 houses house NOUN Number=Plur 3 have nsubj 3 have have VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 wooden wooden ADJ Degree=Pos 5 beams amod 5 beams beam NOUN Number=Plur 3 have obj 6 on on ADP _ 8 ceiling case 7 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 8 ceiling det 8 ceiling ceiling NOUN Number=Sing 5 beams nmod 9 . . PUNCT _ 3 have punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 have present Old houses wooden beams the ceiling vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent beam=Patient
Example 10 Her face beamed when she exclaimed this.
nmod:poss nsubj advmod nsubj advcl obj punct root Her PRON face NOUN beamed VERB when ADV she PRON exclaimed VERB this PRON . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Her her PRON Case=Gen Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 2 face nmod:poss 2 face face NOUN Number=Sing 3 beamed nsubj 3 beamed beam VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 when when ADV PronType=Int 6 exclaimed advmod 5 she she PRON Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 6 exclaimed nsubj 6 exclaimed exclaim VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 3 beamed advcl 7 this this PRON Number=Sing PronType=Dem 6 exclaimed obj 8 . . PUNCT _ 3 beamed punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 beam past Her face vn light_emission-43.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme 2 exclaim speech: express past face this vn say-37.7-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent this=Topic
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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