beard Who acts: beard, hair, Grandpa, dad, billy goat, wizard · What happens: be, grow, have, shave off, stroke, wring · To what, where: hair, chin, hairs, long white beard, beard, little beard
«beard» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: beard in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 A beard is the hair that grows on the chin and cheeks of a man.
The tree, 15 words det nsubj cop det nsubj acl:relcl case det obl cc conj case det nmod punct root A DET beard NOUN is AUX the DET hair NOUN that PRON grows VERB on ADP the DET chin NOUN and CCONJ cheeks NOUN of ADP a DET man NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 beard det 2 beard beard NOUN Number=Sing 5 hair nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 hair cop 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 5 hair det 5 hair hair NOUN Number=Sing root root 6 that that PRON PronType=Rel 7 grows nsubj 7 grows grow VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 hair acl:relcl 8 on on ADP _ 10 chin case 9 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 10 chin det 10 chin chin NOUN Number=Sing 7 grows obl 11 and and CCONJ _ 12 cheeks cc 12 cheeks cheek NOUN Number=Plur 10 chin conj 13 of of ADP _ 15 man case 14 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 15 man det 15 man man NOUN Number=Sing 12 cheeks nmod 16 . . PUNCT _ 5 hair punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present a beard the hair tree rules 2 grow present the hair the chin and cheeks of a man vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme on chin=Location
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 A beard is also hairs or bristles like that on some animals, like a goat's beard, or on plants like barley.
The tree, 22 words det nsubj cop advmod cc conj case nmod case det nmod punct case det nmod:poss case conj punct cc case conj case nmod punct root A DET beard NOUN is AUX also ADV hairs NOUN or CCONJ bristles NOUN like ADP that PRON on ADP some DET animals NOUN , PUNCT like ADP a DET goat NOUN 's PART beard NOUN , PUNCT or CCONJ on ADP plants NOUN like ADP barley NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 beard det 2 beard beard NOUN Number=Sing 5 hairs nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 hairs cop 4 also also ADV _ 5 hairs advmod 5 hairs hair NOUN Number=Plur root root 6 or or CCONJ _ 7 bristles cc 7 bristles bristle NOUN Number=Plur 5 hairs conj 8 like like ADP _ 9 that case 9 that that PRON Number=Sing PronType=Dem 7 bristles nmod 10 on on ADP _ 12 animals case 11 some some DET PronType=Ind 12 animals det 12 animals animal NOUN Number=Plur 5 hairs nmod 13 , , PUNCT _ 18 beard punct 14 like like ADP _ 18 beard case 15 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 16 goat det 16 goat goat NOUN Number=Sing 18 beard nmod:poss 17 's 's PART _ 16 goat case 18 beard beard NOUN Number=Sing 5 hairs conj 19 , , PUNCT _ 22 plants punct 20 or or CCONJ _ 22 plants cc 21 on on ADP _ 22 plants case 22 plants plant NOUN Number=Plur 5 hairs conj 23 like like ADP _ 24 barley case 24 barley barley NOUN Number=Sing 22 plants nmod 25 . . PUNCT _ 5 hairs punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present a beard hairs or bristles like that and a goat's beard or plants like barley on some animals tree rules
Example 1 Grandpa has a long white beard.
nsubj det amod amod obj punct root Grandpa PROPN has VERB a DET long ADJ white ADJ beard NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Grandpa Grandpa PROPN Number=Sing 2 has nsubj 2 has have VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 6 beard det 4 long long ADJ Degree=Pos 6 beard amod 5 white white ADJ Degree=Pos 6 beard amod 6 beard beard NOUN Number=Sing 2 has obj 7 . . PUNCT _ 2 has punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 have present Grandpa a long white beard vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent beard=Patient
Example 2 My dad shaved off his beard.
nmod:poss nsubj case nmod:poss obl punct root My PRON dad NOUN shaved VERB off ADP his PRON beard NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 My my PRON Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 2 dad nmod:poss 2 dad dad NOUN Number=Sing 3 shaved nsubj 3 shaved shave VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass root root 4 off off ADP _ 6 beard case 5 his his PRON Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 6 beard nmod:poss 6 beard beard NOUN Number=Sing 3 shaved obl 7 . . PUNCT _ 3 shaved punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 shave off participle My dad dad's beard vn dress-41.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent beard=Patient
Example 3 The billy goat had a little beard.
det compound nsubj det amod obj punct root The DET billy NOUN goat NOUN had VERB a DET little ADJ beard NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 goat det 2 billy billy NOUN Number=Sing 3 goat compound 3 goat goat NOUN Number=Sing 4 had nsubj 4 had have VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 5 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 7 beard det 6 little little ADJ Degree=Pos 7 beard amod 7 beard beard NOUN Number=Sing 4 had obj 8 . . PUNCT _ 4 had punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 have past the billy goat a little beard vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent beard=Patient
Example 4 The wizard stroked his beard and thought.
det nsubj nmod:poss obj cc conj punct root The DET wizard NOUN stroked VERB his PRON beard NOUN and CCONJ thought NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 wizard det 2 wizard wizard NOUN Number=Sing 3 stroked nsubj 3 stroked stroke VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 his his PRON Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 5 beard nmod:poss 5 beard beard NOUN Number=Sing 3 stroked obj 6 and and CCONJ _ 7 thought cc 7 thought thought NOUN Number=Sing 5 beard conj 8 . . PUNCT _ 3 stroked punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 stroke past the wizard wizard's beard and thought vn touch-20-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent beard=Experiencer
Example 5 Father Christmas has a big white beard.
flat nsubj det amod amod obj punct root Father PROPN Christmas PROPN has VERB a DET big ADJ white ADJ beard NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Father Father PROPN Number=Sing 2 Christmas flat 2 Christmas Christmas PROPN Number=Sing 3 has nsubj 3 has have VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 7 beard det 5 big big ADJ Degree=Pos 7 beard amod 6 white white ADJ Degree=Pos 7 beard amod 7 beard beard NOUN Number=Sing 3 has obj 8 . . PUNCT _ 3 has punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 have present Father Christmas a big white beard vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent beard=Patient
Example 6 Uncle Tom is growing a beard for charity.
compound nsubj aux det obj case obl punct root Uncle PROPN Tom PROPN is AUX growing VERB a DET beard NOUN for ADP charity NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Uncle Uncle PROPN Number=Sing 2 Tom compound 2 Tom Tom PROPN Number=Sing 4 growing nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 growing aux 4 growing grow VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part root root 5 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 6 beard det 6 beard beard NOUN Number=Sing 4 growing obj 7 for for ADP _ 8 charity case 8 charity charity NOUN Number=Sing 4 growing obl 9 . . PUNCT _ 4 growing punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 grow present · progressive Uncle Tom a beard for charity vn build-26.1 «NP V NP PP.beneficiary»: agent=Agent beard=Product for charity=Beneficiary
Example 7 Wringing his hands and rending his beard, he exclaimed:
advcl nmod:poss obj cc conj nmod:poss obj punct nsubj punct root Wringing VERB his PRON hands NOUN and CCONJ rending VERB his PRON beard NOUN , PUNCT he PRON exclaimed VERB : PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Wringing wring VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 10 exclaimed advcl 2 his his PRON Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 3 hands nmod:poss 3 hands hand NOUN Number=Plur 1 Wringing obj 4 and and CCONJ _ 5 rending cc 5 rending rend VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 1 Wringing conj 6 his his PRON Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 7 beard nmod:poss 7 beard beard NOUN Number=Sing 5 rending obj 8 , , PUNCT _ 1 Wringing punct 9 he he PRON Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 10 exclaimed nsubj 10 exclaimed exclaim VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 11 : : PUNCT _ 10 exclaimed punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 wring gerund he not said here his hands vn crane-40.3.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent hand=Patient 2 rend gerund he not said here his beard vn break-45.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent beard=Patient 3 exclaim speech: express past he vn say-37.7-1 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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