because Who acts: Cos, I, exam voice, child, it, game · What happens: give, come, cause, speak, text, be · To what, where: reason, noun, short spoken forms, texts, refusal, account · Speech: someone speaks here
«because» in the school dictionary: its 5 meanings for a pupil and its 13 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: because in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 Because gives the reason for something.
mark det obj case nmod punct root Because SCONJ gives VERB the DET reason NOUN for ADP something PRON . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Because because SCONJ _ 2 gives mark 2 gives give VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 4 reason det 4 reason reason NOUN Number=Sing 2 gives obj 5 for for ADP _ 6 something case 6 something something PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 4 reason nmod 7 . . PUNCT _ 2 gives punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 give present the reason for something vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP PP.asset»: agent=Agent reason=Theme for something=Asset
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
The example in this meaning, parsed on its own:
I am wet because it rained.
nsubj cop mark nsubj advcl punct root I PRON am AUX wet ADJ because SCONJ it PRON rained VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 I I PRON Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 3 wet nsubj 2 am be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 3 wet cop 3 wet wet ADJ Degree=Pos root root 4 because because SCONJ _ 6 rained mark 5 it it PRON Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 6 rained nsubj 6 rained rain VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 3 wet advcl 7 . . PUNCT _ 3 wet punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is present I wet property tree rules 2 rain past it vn weather-57 «It V PP.theme»
Meaning 2 «Because of» comes before a noun to give the reason.
punct mark fixed punct case det obl mark acl det obj punct root « PUNCT Because SCONJ of ADP » PUNCT comes VERB before ADP a DET noun NOUN to PART give VERB the DET reason NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 « « PUNCT _ 5 comes punct 2 Because because SCONJ _ 5 comes mark 3 of of ADP _ 2 Because fixed 4 » » PUNCT _ 5 comes punct 5 comes come VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 6 before before ADP _ 8 noun case 7 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 8 noun det 8 noun noun NOUN Number=Sing 5 comes obl 9 to to PART _ 10 give mark 10 give give VERB VerbForm=Inf 8 noun acl 11 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 12 reason det 12 reason reason NOUN Number=Sing 10 give obj 13 . . PUNCT _ 5 comes punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 come present a noun vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme before noun=Location 2 give to-infinitive the reason vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent reason=Theme
The example in this meaning, parsed on its own:
The game stopped because of the rain.
det nsubj case fixed det obl punct root The DET game NOUN stopped VERB because ADP of ADP the DET rain NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 game det 2 game game NOUN Number=Sing 3 stopped nsubj 3 stopped stop VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 because because ADP ExtPos=ADP 7 rain case 5 of of ADP _ 4 because fixed 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 rain det 7 rain rain NOUN Number=Sing 3 stopped obl 8 . . PUNCT _ 3 stopped punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 stop past the game because the rain vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality
Meaning 3 Usage: casual — kept apart, not parsed.
«Cos», «coz», «'cause» and in texts «bc» or «bcos» are short spoken or texted forms of because.
The tree, 17 words punct nsubj punct punct punct appos punct punct punct punct punct cc case obl punct conj punct cc punct conj punct cop amod amod cc conj conj case nmod punct root « PUNCT Cos PROPN » PUNCT , PUNCT « PUNCT coz NOUN » PUNCT , PUNCT « PUNCT ' PUNCT cause VERB » PUNCT and CCONJ in ADP texts NOUN « PUNCT bc NOUN » PUNCT or CCONJ « PUNCT bcos NOUN » PUNCT are AUX short ADJ spoken VERB or CCONJ texted VERB forms NOUN of ADP because SCONJ . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 « « PUNCT _ 2 Cos punct 2 Cos Cos PROPN Number=Sing 11 cause nsubj 3 » » PUNCT _ 2 Cos punct 4 , , PUNCT _ 6 coz punct 5 « « PUNCT _ 6 coz punct 6 coz coz NOUN Number=Sing 2 Cos appos 7 » » PUNCT _ 6 coz punct 8 , , PUNCT _ 11 cause punct 9 « « PUNCT _ 11 cause punct 10 ' ' PUNCT _ 11 cause punct 11 cause cause VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 12 » » PUNCT _ 11 cause punct 13 and and CCONJ _ 28 forms cc 14 in in ADP _ 15 texts case 15 texts text NOUN Number=Plur 28 forms obl 16 « « PUNCT _ 17 bc punct 17 bc BC NOUN Number=Sing 15 texts conj 18 » » PUNCT _ 17 bc punct 19 or or CCONJ _ 21 bcos cc 20 « « PUNCT _ 21 bcos punct 21 bcos bco NOUN Number=Plur 17 bc conj 22 » » PUNCT _ 21 bcos punct 23 are be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 28 forms cop 24 short short ADJ Degree=Pos 28 forms amod 25 spoken speak VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 28 forms amod 26 or or CCONJ _ 27 texted cc 27 texted text VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 25 spoken conj 28 forms form NOUN Number=Plur 11 cause conj 29 of of ADP _ 30 because case 30 because because SCONJ _ 28 forms nmod 31 . . PUNCT _ 11 cause punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 cause in a quote infinitive Cos vn result-27.2 «NP V PP»: agent=Precondition 2 speak speech: other participle vn talk-37.5 «NP V»: agent=Agent 3 text participle tree rules 4 is a present Cos not said here short spoken forms texts and bc or bcos tree rules
Meaning 4 Usage: casual — kept apart, not parsed.
«Because» alone, or «Just because», is a refusal to give a reason: «Why?» «Because I said so.».
Sentence 1: «Because» alone, or «Just because», is a refusal to give a reason: «Why?»
The tree, 13 words punct punct fixed punct cc punct advmod mark punct punct cop det conj mark acl det obj punct punct advmod punct punct root « PUNCT Because SCONJ » PUNCT alone ADV , PUNCT or CCONJ « PUNCT Just ADV because SCONJ » PUNCT , PUNCT is AUX a DET refusal NOUN to PART give VERB a DET reason NOUN : PUNCT « PUNCT Why ADV ? PUNCT » PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 « « PUNCT _ 2 Because punct 2 Because because SCONJ _ root root 3 » » PUNCT _ 2 Because punct 4 alone alone ADV _ 2 Because fixed 5 , , PUNCT _ 14 refusal punct 6 or or CCONJ _ 14 refusal cc 7 « « PUNCT _ 9 because punct 8 Just just ADV _ 9 because advmod 9 because because SCONJ _ 14 refusal mark 10 » » PUNCT _ 9 because punct 11 , , PUNCT _ 9 because punct 12 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 14 refusal cop 13 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 14 refusal det 14 refusal refusal NOUN Number=Sing 2 Because conj 15 to to PART _ 16 give mark 16 give give VERB VerbForm=Inf 14 refusal acl 17 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 18 reason det 18 reason reason NOUN Number=Sing 16 give obj 19 : : PUNCT _ 20 « punct 20 « « PUNCT _ 21 Why punct 21 Why why ADV PronType=Int 18 reason advmod 22 ? ? PUNCT _ 14 refusal punct 23 » » PUNCT _ 14 refusal punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present a refusal tree rules 2 give to-infinitive a reason vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent reason=Theme
Sentence 2: «Because I said so.».
punct mark nsubj advmod punct punct punct root « PUNCT Because SCONJ I PRON said VERB so ADV . PUNCT » PUNCT . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 « « PUNCT _ 4 said punct 2 Because because SCONJ _ 4 said mark 3 I I PRON Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 4 said nsubj 4 said say VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 5 so so ADV _ 4 said advmod 6 . . PUNCT _ 4 said punct 7 » » PUNCT _ 4 said punct 8 . . PUNCT _ 4 said punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 say speech: assert in a quote past I vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent
Meaning 5 Usage: formal — kept apart, not parsed.
The exam voice says «owing to», «due to», «on account of», «since», «in consequence of», «by virtue of» where a child would say «because».
The tree, 24 words det compound nsubj punct ccomp fixed punct punct punct nsubj fixed punct punct punct case obl case punct punct punct fixed punct punct punct case nmod case punct punct punct case conj case punct advmod det nsubj aux acl:relcl punct ccomp punct punct root The DET exam NOUN voice NOUN says VERB « PUNCT owing VERB to ADP » PUNCT , PUNCT « PUNCT due ADJ to ADP » PUNCT , PUNCT « PUNCT on ADP account NOUN of ADP » PUNCT , PUNCT « PUNCT since ADP » PUNCT , PUNCT « PUNCT in ADP consequence NOUN of ADP » PUNCT , PUNCT « PUNCT by ADP virtue NOUN of ADP » PUNCT where ADV a DET child NOUN would AUX say VERB « PUNCT because ADP » PUNCT . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 voice det 2 exam exam NOUN Number=Sing 3 voice compound 3 voice voice NOUN Number=Sing 4 says nsubj 4 says say VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 5 « « PUNCT _ 6 owing punct 6 owing owe VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 4 says ccomp 7 to to ADP _ 6 owing fixed 8 » » PUNCT _ 6 owing punct 9 , , PUNCT _ 17 account punct 10 « « PUNCT _ 11 due punct 11 due due ADJ Degree=Pos ExtPos=ADP 17 account nsubj 12 to to ADP _ 11 due fixed 13 » » PUNCT _ 11 due punct 14 , , PUNCT _ 17 account punct 15 « « PUNCT _ 17 account punct 16 on on ADP _ 17 account case 17 account account NOUN Number=Sing 6 owing obl 18 of of ADP _ 27 consequence case 19 » » PUNCT _ 18 of punct 20 , , PUNCT _ 18 of punct 21 « « PUNCT _ 22 since punct 22 since since ADP _ 18 of fixed 23 » » PUNCT _ 18 of punct 24 , , PUNCT _ 18 of punct 25 « « PUNCT _ 27 consequence punct 26 in in ADP _ 27 consequence case 27 consequence consequence NOUN Number=Sing 17 account nmod 28 of of ADP _ 27 consequence case 29 » » PUNCT _ 27 consequence punct 30 , , PUNCT _ 33 virtue punct 31 « « PUNCT _ 33 virtue punct 32 by by ADP _ 33 virtue case 33 virtue virtue NOUN Number=Sing 6 owing conj 34 of of ADP _ 36 where case 35 » » PUNCT _ 34 of punct 36 where where ADV PronType=Rel 40 say advmod 37 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 38 child det 38 child child NOUN Number=Sing 40 say nsubj 39 would would AUX VerbForm=Fin 40 say aux 40 say say VERB VerbForm=Inf 33 virtue acl:relcl 41 « « PUNCT _ 42 because punct 42 because because ADP ExtPos=ADP 40 say ccomp 43 » » PUNCT _ 42 because punct 44 . . PUNCT _ 4 says punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 say speech: assert present the exam voice vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 2 owe in a quote gerund account of consequence vn future_having-13.3 «NP V NP.theme (PP)»: agent=Agent 3 say speech: assert would a child vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent 4 account in a quote consequence nom account «communication transitive»: of=patient
Example 1 Student: I add : 9 (because of «more»)
nsubj punct nsubj punct obj punct mark fixed punct conj punct punct root Student NOUN : PUNCT I PRON add VERB : PUNCT 9 NUM ( PUNCT because SCONJ of ADP « PUNCT more ADJ » PUNCT ) PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Student student NOUN Number=Sing 4 add nsubj 2 : : PUNCT _ 4 add punct 3 I I PRON Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 4 add nsubj 4 add add VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 5 : : PUNCT _ 6 9 punct 6 9 9 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 4 add obj 7 ( ( PUNCT _ 11 more punct 8 because because SCONJ _ 11 more mark 9 of of ADP _ 8 because fixed 10 « « PUNCT _ 11 more punct 11 more more ADJ Degree=Cmp 6 9 conj 12 » » PUNCT _ 11 more punct 13 ) ) PUNCT _ 6 9 punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 add speech: assert present Student 9 vn mix-22.1-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent 9=Patient
Example 2 We subtract because some cookies were eaten.
nsubj mark det nsubj:pass aux:pass advcl punct root We PRON subtract VERB because SCONJ some DET cookies NOUN were AUX eaten VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 We we PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs 2 subtract nsubj 2 subtract subtract VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 because because SCONJ _ 7 eaten mark 4 some some DET PronType=Ind 5 cookies det 5 cookies cookie NOUN Number=Plur 7 eaten nsubj:pass 6 were be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 7 eaten aux:pass 7 eaten eat VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 2 subtract advcl 8 . . PUNCT _ 2 subtract punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 subtract present We vn multiply-108-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent 2 eat past · passive some cookies vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient
Example 3 We multiply because there are 4 equal groups.
nsubj mark expl advcl nummod amod nsubj punct root We PRON multiply VERB because SCONJ there PRON are VERB 4 NUM equal ADJ groups NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 We we PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs 2 multiply nsubj 2 multiply multiply VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 because because SCONJ _ 5 are mark 4 there there PRON PronType=Dem 5 are expl 5 are be VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 2 multiply advcl 6 4 4 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 8 groups nummod 7 equal equal ADJ Degree=Pos 8 groups amod 8 groups group NOUN Number=Plur 5 are nsubj 9 . . PUNCT _ 2 multiply punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 multiply present We vn birth-28.2-2 «NP V»: agent=Agent 2 does present 4 equal groups there vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
Example 4 I stayed home because I was sick.
nsubj advmod mark nsubj cop advcl punct root I PRON stayed VERB home ADV because SCONJ I PRON was AUX sick ADJ . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 I I PRON Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 2 stayed nsubj 2 stayed stay VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 home home ADV _ 2 stayed advmod 4 because because SCONJ _ 7 sick mark 5 I I PRON Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 7 sick nsubj 6 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 7 sick cop 7 sick sick ADJ Degree=Pos 2 stayed advcl 8 . . PUNCT _ 2 stayed punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 stay past I home property vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme 2 is past I sick property tree rules
Example 5 The plant died because it had no water.
det nsubj mark nsubj advcl det obj punct root The DET plant NOUN died VERB because SCONJ it PRON had VERB no DET water NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 plant det 2 plant plant NOUN Number=Sing 3 died nsubj 3 died die VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 because because SCONJ _ 6 had mark 5 it it PRON Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 6 had nsubj 6 had have VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 3 died advcl 7 no no DET PronType=Neg 8 water det 8 water water NOUN Number=Sing 6 had obj 9 . . PUNCT _ 3 died punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 die past the plant vn calibratable_cos-45.6.1 «NP.attribute V»: agent=Attribute 2 have past plant no water vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent water=Patient
Example 6 We could not play outside because of the storm.
nsubj aux advmod advmod case fixed det obl punct root We PRON could AUX not PART play VERB outside ADV because ADP of ADP the DET storm NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 We we PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs 4 play nsubj 2 could could AUX VerbForm=Fin 4 play aux 3 not not PART Polarity=Neg 4 play advmod 4 play play VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 5 outside outside ADV _ 4 play advmod 6 because because ADP ExtPos=ADP 9 storm case 7 of of ADP _ 6 because fixed 8 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 9 storm det 9 storm storm NOUN Number=Sing 4 play obl 10 . . PUNCT _ 4 play punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 not play could We because the storm; outside property vn performance-26.7-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
Example 7 Leaves fall in autumn because the days grow cold.
nsubj case obl mark det nsubj advcl xcomp punct root Leaves NOUN fall VERB in ADP autumn NOUN because SCONJ the DET days NOUN grow VERB cold ADJ . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Leaves leaf NOUN Number=Plur 2 fall nsubj 2 fall fall VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 in in ADP _ 4 autumn case 4 autumn autumn NOUN Number=Sing 2 fall obl 5 because because SCONJ _ 8 grow mark 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 days det 7 days day NOUN Number=Plur 8 grow nsubj 8 grow grow VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 2 fall advcl 9 cold cold ADJ Degree=Pos 8 grow xcomp 10 . . PUNCT _ 2 fall punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 fall present Leaves autumn vn occur-48.3 «NP V»: agent=Theme 2 grow present the days cold property vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
Example 8 She smiled because she got a gold star.
nsubj mark nsubj ccomp det compound obj punct root She PRON smiled VERB because SCONJ she PRON got VERB a DET gold NOUN star NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 She she PRON Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 2 smiled nsubj 2 smiled smile VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 because because SCONJ _ 5 got mark 4 she she PRON Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 5 got nsubj 5 got get VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 2 smiled ccomp 6 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 8 star det 7 gold gold NOUN Number=Sing 8 star compound 8 star star NOUN Number=Sing 5 got obj 9 . . PUNCT _ 2 smiled punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 smile past She vn manner_speaking-37.3 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 2 get past she a gold star vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer star=Stimulus
Example 9 cant come cos mum says no
nsubj advmod nsubj advcl discourse root cant NOUN come VERB cos ADV mum NOUN says VERB no INTJ The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 cant cant NOUN Number=Sing 2 come nsubj 2 come come VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 cos cos ADV _ 5 says advmod 4 mum mum NOUN Number=Sing 5 says nsubj 5 says say VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 2 come advcl 6 no no INTJ Polarity=Neg 5 says discourse
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 come present cant vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme 2 say speech: assert present mum cos property vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent
Example 10 only got 3 left bc my brother ate the rest
advmod nummod amod obj nmod:poss nsubj acl:relcl det obj root only ADV got VERB 3 NUM left ADJ bc NOUN my PRON brother NOUN ate VERB the DET rest NOUN The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 only only ADV _ 2 got advmod 2 got get VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 3 3 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 5 bc nummod 4 left left ADJ Degree=Pos 5 bc amod 5 bc BC NOUN Number=Sing 2 got obj 6 my my PRON Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 7 brother nmod:poss 7 brother brother NOUN Number=Sing 8 ate nsubj 8 ate eat VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 5 bc acl:relcl 9 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 10 rest det 10 rest rest NOUN Number=Sing 8 ate obj
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 get past 3 left bc vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer bc=Stimulus 2 eat past my brother the rest vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent rest=Patient
Example 11 «Why do I have to go to bed?» «Because I said so, that's why.»
Sentence 1: «Why do I have to go to bed?»
punct advmod aux nsubj mark xcomp case obl punct punct root « PUNCT Why ADV do AUX I PRON have VERB to PART go VERB to ADP bed NOUN ? PUNCT » PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 « « PUNCT _ 5 have punct 2 Why why ADV PronType=Int 5 have advmod 3 do do AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 have aux 4 I I PRON Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 5 have nsubj 5 have have VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 6 to to PART _ 7 go mark 7 go go VERB VerbForm=Inf 5 have xcomp 8 to to ADP _ 9 bed case 9 bed bed NOUN Number=Sing 7 go obl 10 ? ? PUNCT _ 5 have punct 11 » » PUNCT _ 5 have punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 have in a quote present · do-support I tree rules 2 go in a quote to-infinitive I not said here bed vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial_location»: agent=Theme to bed=Initial_Location
Sentence 2: «Because I said so, that's why.»
punct mark nsubj advmod punct nsubj cop conj punct punct root « PUNCT Because SCONJ I PRON said VERB so ADV , PUNCT that PRON 's AUX why ADV . PUNCT » PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 « « PUNCT _ 4 said punct 2 Because because SCONJ _ 4 said mark 3 I I PRON Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 4 said nsubj 4 said say VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 5 so so ADV _ 4 said advmod 6 , , PUNCT _ 9 why punct 7 that that PRON Number=Sing PronType=Dem 9 why nsubj 8 's be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 9 why cop 9 why why ADV PronType=Int 4 said conj 10 . . PUNCT _ 4 said punct 11 » » PUNCT _ 4 said punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 say speech: assert in a quote past I vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent 2 is in a quote present that why property tree rules
Example 12 Owing to the inclement weather, the outing was postponed.
advcl case det compound obl punct det nsubj:pass aux:pass punct root Owing VERB to ADP the DET inclement NOUN weather NOUN , PUNCT the DET outing NOUN was AUX postponed VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Owing owe VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 10 postponed advcl 2 to to ADP _ 5 weather case 3 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 5 weather det 4 inclement inclement NOUN Number=Sing 5 weather compound 5 weather weather NOUN Number=Sing 1 Owing obl 6 , , PUNCT _ 1 Owing punct 7 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 8 outing det 8 outing outing NOUN Number=Sing 10 postponed nsubj:pass 9 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 10 postponed aux:pass 10 postponed postpone VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass root root 11 . . PUNCT _ 10 postponed punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 owe gerund to the inclement weather goal vn future_having-13.3 «NP V NP PP.goal»: agent=Agent to weather=Goal 2 postpone past · passive the outing vn delay-53.3-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Eventuality
Example 13 “Because I am grown up, dearest.
punct mark nsubj aux:pass advcl compound:prt punct punct root “ PUNCT Because SCONJ I PRON am AUX grown VERB up ADP , PUNCT dearest ADJ . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 “ " PUNCT _ 8 dearest punct 2 Because because SCONJ _ 5 grown mark 3 I I PRON Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 5 grown nsubj 4 am be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 grown aux:pass 5 grown grow VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 8 dearest advcl 6 up up ADP _ 5 grown compound:prt 7 , , PUNCT _ 5 grown punct 8 dearest dear ADJ Degree=Sup root root 9 . . PUNCT _ 8 dearest punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 grow up in a quote present · passive I vn appear-48.1.1 «PP.location V NP»: subject=Theme
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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