belief Who acts: belief, you, ghosts, something, someone, me · What happens: be, think, not prove, exist, help, win · To what, where: something, belief, feeling, trust, me, religious idea · Speech: someone speaks here
«belief» in the school dictionary: its 4 meanings for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: belief in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 A belief is something you think is true, even if you cannot prove it («a belief that ghosts exist»).
The tree, 20 words det nsubj cop nsubj acl:relcl cop ccomp punct advmod mark nsubj aux advmod parataxis obj punct punct det parataxis mark nsubj acl punct punct punct root A DET belief NOUN is AUX something PRON you PRON think VERB is AUX true ADJ , PUNCT even ADV if SCONJ you PRON can AUX not PART prove VERB it PRON ( PUNCT « PUNCT a DET belief NOUN that SCONJ ghosts NOUN exist VERB » PUNCT ) PUNCT . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 belief det 2 belief belief NOUN Number=Sing 4 something nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 something cop 4 something something PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind root root 5 you you PRON Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs 6 think nsubj 6 think think VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 something acl:relcl 7 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 8 true cop 8 true true ADJ Degree=Pos 6 think ccomp 9 , , PUNCT _ 15 prove punct 10 even even ADV _ 15 prove advmod 11 if if SCONJ _ 15 prove mark 12 you you PRON Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs 15 prove nsubj 13 can can AUX VerbForm=Fin 15 prove aux 14 not not PART Polarity=Neg 15 prove advmod 15 prove prove VERB VerbForm=Inf 8 true parataxis 16 it it PRON Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 15 prove obj 17 ( ( PUNCT _ 20 belief punct 18 « « PUNCT _ 20 belief punct 19 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 20 belief det 20 belief belief NOUN Number=Sing 15 prove parataxis 21 that that SCONJ _ 23 exist mark 22 ghosts ghost NOUN Number=Plur 23 exist nsubj 23 exist exist VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 20 belief acl 24 » » PUNCT _ 20 belief punct 25 ) ) PUNCT _ 20 belief punct 26 . . PUNCT _ 4 something punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present a belief something tree rules 2 think speech: other present you vn focus-87.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent 3 is present true property tree rules 4 not prove a condition, not said to happen can you belief vn declare-29.4-1-1 «NP V NP ADJ»: agent=Agent it=Attribute clause=Theme 5 exist in a quote present ghosts a belief not said here tree rules
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 Belief is the feeling of being sure that something is true or real.
nsubj cop det case cop parataxis mark nsubj cop ccomp cc conj punct root Belief NOUN is AUX the DET feeling NOUN of ADP being AUX sure ADJ that SCONJ something PRON is AUX true ADJ or CCONJ real ADJ . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Belief belief NOUN Number=Sing 4 feeling nsubj 2 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 feeling cop 3 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 4 feeling det 4 feeling feeling NOUN Number=Sing root root 5 of of ADP _ 7 sure case 6 being be AUX Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 7 sure cop 7 sure sure ADJ Degree=Pos 4 feeling parataxis 8 that that SCONJ _ 11 true mark 9 something something PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 11 true nsubj 10 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 11 true cop 11 true true ADJ Degree=Pos 7 sure ccomp 12 or or CCONJ _ 13 real cc 13 real real ADJ Degree=Pos 11 true conj 14 . . PUNCT _ 4 feeling punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present Belief the feeling tree rules 2 is gerund sure property tree rules 3 is present something true property tree rules 4 be something not said here tree rules
Meaning 3 Belief in someone is trust and confidence in them («Her belief in me helped me win»).
The tree, 16 words nsubj case nsubj cop nmod cc conj case nmod punct punct nmod:poss conj case nmod obj xcomp punct punct punct root Belief NOUN in ADP someone PRON is AUX trust NOUN and CCONJ confidence NOUN in ADP them PRON ( PUNCT « PUNCT Her PRON belief NOUN in ADP me PRON helped VERB me PRON win VERB » PUNCT ) PUNCT . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Belief belief NOUN Number=Sing 16 helped nsubj 2 in in ADP _ 5 trust case 3 someone someone PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 5 trust nsubj 4 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 trust cop 5 trust trust NOUN Number=Sing 1 Belief nmod 6 and and CCONJ _ 7 confidence cc 7 confidence confidence NOUN Number=Sing 5 trust conj 8 in in ADP _ 9 them case 9 them they PRON Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs 7 confidence nmod 10 ( ( PUNCT _ 13 belief punct 11 « « PUNCT _ 13 belief punct 12 Her her PRON Case=Gen Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 13 belief nmod:poss 13 belief belief NOUN Number=Sing 1 Belief conj 14 in in ADP _ 15 me case 15 me I PRON Case=Acc Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 13 belief nmod 16 helped help VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 17 me I PRON Case=Acc Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 16 helped obj 18 win win VERB VerbForm=Inf 16 helped xcomp 19 » » PUNCT _ 18 win punct 20 ) ) PUNCT _ 16 helped punct 21 . . PUNCT _ 16 helped punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is present someone trust and confidence in Belief tree rules 2 help in a quote past Belief and Her belief in me me vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP S_INF»: agent=Agent i=Beneficiary clause=Theme 3 win in a quote infinitive me not said here vn succeed-74-2 «NP V»: agent=Agent 4 believe in a quote Her = she in me nom belief «cognition transitive»: poss=agent in=obl
Meaning 4 A belief is also a religious or moral idea a person holds («religious beliefs»).
The tree, 14 words det nsubj cop advmod det amod cc conj det nsubj acl punct punct amod parataxis punct punct punct root A DET belief NOUN is AUX also ADV a DET religious ADJ or CCONJ moral ADJ idea NOUN a DET person NOUN holds VERB ( PUNCT « PUNCT religious ADJ beliefs NOUN » PUNCT ) PUNCT . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 belief det 2 belief belief NOUN Number=Sing 9 idea nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 9 idea cop 4 also also ADV _ 9 idea advmod 5 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 9 idea det 6 religious religious ADJ Degree=Pos 9 idea amod 7 or or CCONJ _ 8 moral cc 8 moral moral ADJ Degree=Pos 6 religious conj 9 idea idea NOUN Number=Sing root root 10 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 11 person det 11 person person NOUN Number=Sing 12 holds nsubj 12 holds hold VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 9 idea acl 13 ( ( PUNCT _ 16 beliefs punct 14 « « PUNCT _ 16 beliefs punct 15 religious religious ADJ Degree=Pos 16 beliefs amod 16 beliefs belief NOUN Number=Plur 9 idea parataxis 17 » » PUNCT _ 16 beliefs punct 18 ) ) PUNCT _ 16 beliefs punct 19 . . PUNCT _ 9 idea punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present a belief a religious idea tree rules 2 hold present a person a religious idea not said here vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent idea=Theme
Example 1 People hold many different beliefs.
nsubj amod amod obj punct root People NOUN hold VERB many ADJ different ADJ beliefs NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 People people NOUN Number=Plur 2 hold nsubj 2 hold hold VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 many many ADJ Degree=Pos 5 beliefs amod 4 different different ADJ Degree=Pos 5 beliefs amod 5 beliefs belief NOUN Number=Plur 2 hold obj 6 . . PUNCT _ 2 hold punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 hold present People many different beliefs vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent belief=Theme
Example 2 It is a common belief that goldfish have a three-second memory, but it is wrong.
The tree, 16 words nsubj cop det amod mark nsubj acl det nummod punct amod obj punct cc nsubj cop conj punct root It PRON is AUX a DET common ADJ belief NOUN that SCONJ goldfish NOUN have VERB a DET three NUM - PUNCT second ADJ memory NOUN , PUNCT but CCONJ it PRON is AUX wrong ADJ . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 It it PRON Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 5 belief nsubj 2 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 belief cop 3 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 belief det 4 common common ADJ Degree=Pos 5 belief amod 5 belief belief NOUN Number=Sing root root 6 that that SCONJ _ 8 have mark 7 goldfish goldfish NOUN Number=Plur 8 have nsubj 8 have have VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 belief acl 9 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 13 memory det 10 three three NUM NumForm=Word NumType=Card 12 second nummod 11 - - PUNCT _ 10 three punct 12 second second ADJ Degree=Pos NumForm=Word NumType=Ord 13 memory amod 13 memory memory NOUN Number=Sing 8 have obj 14 , , PUNCT _ 18 wrong punct 15 but but CCONJ _ 18 wrong cc 16 it it PRON Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 18 wrong nsubj 17 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 18 wrong cop 18 wrong wrong ADJ Degree=Pos 8 have conj 19 . . PUNCT _ 5 belief punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present It a common belief tree rules 2 have present goldfish a second memory vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent memory=Patient 3 is present memory wrong property tree rules
Example 3 Her belief in herself helped her finish the race.
nmod:poss nsubj case nmod obj xcomp det obj punct root Her PRON belief NOUN in ADP herself PRON helped VERB her PRON finish VERB the DET race NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Her her PRON Case=Gen Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 2 belief nmod:poss 2 belief belief NOUN Number=Sing 5 helped nsubj 3 in in ADP _ 4 herself case 4 herself herself PRON Case=Acc Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs Reflex=Yes 2 belief nmod 5 helped help VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 6 her she PRON Case=Acc Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 5 helped obj 7 finish finish VERB VerbForm=Inf 5 helped xcomp 8 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 9 race det 9 race race NOUN Number=Sing 7 finish obj 10 . . PUNCT _ 5 helped punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 help past Her belief in belief her = she vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP S_INF»: agent=Agent she=Beneficiary clause=Theme 2 finish infinitive her = she not said here the race vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP V NP.eventuality»: agent=Subeventuality race=Eventuality 3 believe Her = she in belief nom belief «cognition transitive»: poss=agent in=obl
Example 4 We should respect other people's beliefs.
nsubj aux amod nmod:poss case obj punct root We PRON should AUX respect VERB other ADJ people NOUN 's PART beliefs NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 We we PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs 3 respect nsubj 2 should should AUX VerbForm=Fin 3 respect aux 3 respect respect VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 4 other other ADJ Degree=Pos 5 people amod 5 people people NOUN Number=Plur 7 beliefs nmod:poss 6 's 's PART _ 5 people case 7 beliefs belief NOUN Number=Plur 3 respect obj 8 . . PUNCT _ 3 respect punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 respect should We other people's beliefs vn admire-31.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer belief=Stimulus 2 believe other people nom belief «cognition transitive»: poss=agent
Example 5 The view from the mountain was beautiful beyond belief.
det nsubj case det nmod cop case obl punct root The DET view NOUN from ADP the DET mountain NOUN was AUX beautiful ADJ beyond ADP belief NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 view det 2 view view NOUN Number=Sing 7 beautiful nsubj 3 from from ADP _ 5 mountain case 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 5 mountain det 5 mountain mountain NOUN Number=Sing 2 view nmod 6 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 7 beautiful cop 7 beautiful beautiful ADJ Degree=Pos root root 8 beyond beyond ADP _ 9 belief case 9 belief belief NOUN Number=Sing 7 beautiful obl 10 . . PUNCT _ 7 beautiful punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is past the view from the mountain beyond belief; beautiful property tree rules
Example 6 Long ago, there was a belief that the Earth was flat.
advmod advmod punct expl det nsubj mark det nsubj cop acl punct root Long ADV ago ADV , PUNCT there PRON was VERB a DET belief NOUN that SCONJ the DET Earth PROPN was AUX flat ADJ . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Long long ADV Degree=Pos 2 ago advmod 2 ago ago ADV _ 5 was advmod 3 , , PUNCT _ 2 ago punct 4 there there PRON PronType=Dem 5 was expl 5 was be VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 6 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 7 belief det 7 belief belief NOUN Number=Sing 5 was nsubj 8 that that SCONJ _ 12 flat mark 9 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 10 Earth det 10 Earth Earth PROPN Number=Sing 12 flat nsubj 11 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 12 flat cop 12 flat flat ADJ Degree=Pos 7 belief acl 13 . . PUNCT _ 5 was punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 be past a belief there ago property vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme 2 is past the Earth a belief not said here flat property tree rules
Example 7 Scientists test a belief with experiments.
nsubj det obj case nmod punct root Scientists NOUN test VERB a DET belief NOUN with ADP experiments NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Scientists scientist NOUN Number=Plur 2 test nsubj 2 test test VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 4 belief det 4 belief belief NOUN Number=Sing 2 test obj 5 with with ADP _ 6 experiments case 6 experiments experiment NOUN Number=Plur 4 belief nmod 7 . . PUNCT _ 2 test punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 test present Scientists a belief with experiments vn assessment-34.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent belief=Theme
Example 8 He has a strong belief in being fair.
nsubj det amod obj case cop nmod punct root He PRON has VERB a DET strong ADJ belief NOUN in ADP being AUX fair ADJ . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 He he PRON Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 2 has nsubj 2 has have VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 belief det 4 strong strong ADJ Degree=Pos 5 belief amod 5 belief belief NOUN Number=Sing 2 has obj 6 in in ADP _ 8 fair case 7 being be AUX Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 8 fair cop 8 fair fair ADJ Degree=Pos 5 belief nmod 9 . . PUNCT _ 2 has punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 have present He a strong belief vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent belief=Patient 2 is gerund fair property tree rules
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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