betrayal Who acts: Betrayal, someone, Telling, She, friend, Judas · What happens: break, tell, lie, help, trust, be · To what, where: trust, secret, them, enemy, one act, enemies · Speech: someone speaks here
«betrayal» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: betrayal in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 Betrayal is breaking someone's trust, for example by telling their secret, lying to them or helping their enemy.
The tree, 19 words nsubj aux nmod:poss case obj punct case obl mark advcl nmod:poss obj punct conj case obl cc conj nmod:poss obj punct root Betrayal NOUN is AUX breaking VERB someone PRON 's PART trust NOUN , PUNCT for ADP example NOUN by SCONJ telling VERB their PRON secret NOUN , PUNCT lying VERB to ADP them PRON or CCONJ helping VERB their PRON enemy NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Betrayal betrayal NOUN Number=Sing 3 breaking nsubj 2 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 3 breaking aux 3 breaking break VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part root root 4 someone someone PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 6 trust nmod:poss 5 's 's PART _ 4 someone case 6 trust trust NOUN Number=Sing 3 breaking obj 7 , , PUNCT _ 9 example punct 8 for for ADP _ 9 example case 9 example example NOUN Number=Sing 3 breaking obl 10 by by SCONJ _ 11 telling mark 11 telling tell VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 3 breaking advcl 12 their their PRON Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 13 secret nmod:poss 13 secret secret NOUN Number=Sing 11 telling obj 14 , , PUNCT _ 15 lying punct 15 lying lie VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 3 breaking conj 16 to to ADP _ 17 them case 17 them they PRON Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs 15 lying obl 18 or or CCONJ _ 19 helping cc 19 helping help VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 15 lying conj 20 their their PRON Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 21 enemy nmod:poss 21 enemy enemy NOUN Number=Sing 19 helping obj 22 . . PUNCT _ 3 breaking punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 break present · progressive Betrayal someone's trust for example vn hurt-40.8.3-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer trust=Patient 2 tell speech: assert gerund Betrayal not said here their secret vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent secret=Recipient 3 lie gerund Betrayal not said here them = they vn assuming_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent 4 help gerund Betrayal not said here their enemy vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent enemy=Beneficiary 5 trust someone nom trust «possession intransitive»: poss=agent
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 A betrayal is one act of this kind.
det nsubj cop nummod case det nmod punct root A DET betrayal NOUN is AUX one NUM act NOUN of ADP this DET kind NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 betrayal det 2 betrayal betrayal NOUN Number=Sing 5 act nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 act cop 4 one one NUM NumForm=Word NumType=Card 5 act nummod 5 act act NOUN Number=Sing root root 6 of of ADP _ 8 kind case 7 this this DET Number=Sing PronType=Dem 8 kind det 8 kind kind NOUN Number=Sing 5 act nmod 9 . . PUNCT _ 5 act punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present a betrayal one act of this kind tree rules
Meaning 3 Betrayal of a country is helping its enemies (treason).
nsubj case det nmod aux nmod:poss obj punct appos punct punct root Betrayal PROPN of ADP a DET country NOUN is AUX helping VERB its PRON enemies NOUN ( PUNCT treason NOUN ) PUNCT . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Betrayal Betrayal PROPN Number=Sing 6 helping nsubj 2 of of ADP _ 4 country case 3 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 4 country det 4 country country NOUN Number=Sing 1 Betrayal nmod 5 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 helping aux 6 helping help VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part root root 7 its its PRON Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 8 enemies nmod:poss 8 enemies enemy NOUN Number=Plur 6 helping obj 9 ( ( PUNCT _ 10 treason punct 10 treason treason NOUN Number=Sing 8 enemies appos 11 ) ) PUNCT _ 10 treason punct 12 . . PUNCT _ 6 helping punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 help present · progressive Betrayal of a country country's enemies vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent enemy=Beneficiary
Example 1 Telling everyone her secret was a betrayal.
csubj iobj nmod:poss obj cop det punct root Telling VERB everyone PRON her PRON secret NOUN was AUX a DET betrayal NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Telling tell VERB VerbForm=Ger 7 betrayal csubj 2 everyone everyone PRON Number=Sing PronType=Tot 1 Telling iobj 3 her her PRON Case=Gen Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 4 secret nmod:poss 4 secret secret NOUN Number=Sing 1 Telling obj 5 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 7 betrayal cop 6 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 7 betrayal det 7 betrayal betrayal NOUN Number=Sing root root 8 . . PUNCT _ 7 betrayal punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 tell speech: assert gerund her secret everyone vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP-Dative NP»: agent=Agent everyone=Recipient secret=Topic 2 is a past Telling a betrayal tree rules
Example 2 She felt a deep sense of betrayal when her friend laughed at her.
nsubj det amod obj case nmod mark nmod:poss nsubj advcl case obl punct root She PRON felt VERB a DET deep ADJ sense NOUN of ADP betrayal NOUN when SCONJ her PRON friend NOUN laughed VERB at ADP her PRON . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 She she PRON Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 2 felt nsubj 2 felt feel VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 sense det 4 deep deep ADJ Degree=Pos 5 sense amod 5 sense sense NOUN Number=Sing 2 felt obj 6 of of ADP _ 7 betrayal case 7 betrayal betrayal NOUN Number=Sing 5 sense nmod 8 when when SCONJ _ 11 laughed mark 9 her her PRON Case=Gen Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 10 friend nmod:poss 10 friend friend NOUN Number=Sing 11 laughed nsubj 11 laughed laugh VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 2 felt advcl 12 at at ADP _ 13 her case 13 her she PRON Case=Acc Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 11 laughed obl 14 . . PUNCT _ 2 felt punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 feel past She a deep sense of betrayal vn hunt-35.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent sense=Theme 2 laugh past her friend at her = she vn nonverbal_expression-40.2 «NP V»: agent=Agent 3 sense betrayal nom sense «cognition transitive»: of=patient
Example 3 In the Bible, Judas's betrayal of Jesus happened for thirty silver coins.
The tree, 13 words case det obl punct nmod:poss case nsubj case nmod case nummod compound obl punct root In ADP the DET Bible PROPN , PUNCT Judas PROPN 's PART betrayal NOUN of ADP Jesus PROPN happened VERB for ADP thirty NUM silver NOUN coins NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 In in ADP _ 3 Bible case 2 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 Bible det 3 Bible Bible PROPN Number=Sing 10 happened obl 4 , , PUNCT _ 3 Bible punct 5 Judas Judas PROPN Number=Sing 7 betrayal nmod:poss 6 's 's PART _ 5 Judas case 7 betrayal betrayal NOUN Number=Sing 10 happened nsubj 8 of of ADP _ 9 Jesus case 9 Jesus Jesus PROPN Number=Sing 7 betrayal nmod 10 happened happen VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 11 for for ADP _ 14 coins case 12 thirty thirty NUM NumForm=Word NumType=Card 14 coins nummod 13 silver silver NOUN Number=Sing 14 coins compound 14 coins coin NOUN Number=Plur 10 happened obl 15 . . PUNCT _ 10 happened punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 happen past Judas's betrayal of Jesus the Bible for thirty silver coins vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme in bible=Location 2 betray Judas Jesus nom betrayal «act transitive»: poss=agent of=patient
Example 4 The spy's betrayal cost many lives.
det nmod:poss case nsubj amod obj punct root The DET spy NOUN 's PART betrayal NOUN cost VERB many ADJ lives NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 spy det 2 spy spy NOUN Number=Sing 4 betrayal nmod:poss 3 's 's PART _ 2 spy case 4 betrayal betrayal NOUN Number=Sing 5 cost nsubj 5 cost cost VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 6 many many ADJ Degree=Pos 7 lives amod 7 lives life NOUN Number=Plur 5 cost obj 8 . . PUNCT _ 5 cost punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 cost past the spy's betrayal many lives vn cost-54.2 «NP V NP.value»: agent=Theme life=Value 2 betray the spy nom betrayal «act transitive»: poss=agent
Example 5 It wasn't a betrayal to tell the teacher that Sam was being hurt.
The tree, 14 words nsubj cop advmod det mark acl det obj mark nsubj:pass aux:pass aux:pass advcl punct root It PRON was AUX n't PART a DET betrayal NOUN to PART tell VERB the DET teacher NOUN that SCONJ Sam PROPN was AUX being AUX hurt VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 It it PRON Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 5 betrayal nsubj 2 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 5 betrayal cop 3 n't not PART Polarity=Neg 5 betrayal advmod 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 betrayal det 5 betrayal betrayal NOUN Number=Sing root root 6 to to PART _ 7 tell mark 7 tell tell VERB VerbForm=Inf 5 betrayal acl 8 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 9 teacher det 9 teacher teacher NOUN Number=Sing 7 tell obj 10 that that SCONJ _ 14 hurt mark 11 Sam Sam PROPN Number=Sing 14 hurt nsubj:pass 12 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 14 hurt aux:pass 13 being be AUX Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 14 hurt aux:pass 14 hurt hurt VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 7 tell advcl 15 . . PUNCT _ 5 betrayal punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 not is a past It a betrayal tree rules 2 tell speech: assert to-infinitive the teacher vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent teacher=Recipient 3 hurt past · passive Sam vn hurt-40.8.3-2 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient
Example 6 The film is about friendship and betrayal.
det nsubj cop case cc conj punct root The DET film NOUN is AUX about ADP friendship NOUN and CCONJ betrayal NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 film det 2 film film NOUN Number=Sing 5 friendship nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 friendship cop 4 about about ADP _ 5 friendship case 5 friendship friendship NOUN Number=Sing root root 6 and and CCONJ _ 7 betrayal cc 7 betrayal betrayal NOUN Number=Sing 5 friendship conj 8 . . PUNCT _ 5 friendship punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is present the film about friendship and betrayal tree rules
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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