black Who acts: Black, light, people, Black coffee, 12 black cats, She · What happens: be, mean, describe, come, have, not be · To what, where: darkest color, Africa, milk, 5 black pens, more, name · Speech: someone speaks here
«black» in the school dictionary: its 4 meanings for a pupil and its 10 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: black in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 Black is the darkest color, the color of the night sky or of coal.
The tree, 14 words nsubj cop det amod punct det appos case det compound nmod cc case conj punct root Black PROPN is AUX the DET darkest ADJ color NOUN , PUNCT the DET color NOUN of ADP the DET night NOUN sky NOUN or CCONJ of ADP coal NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Black Black PROPN Number=Sing 5 color nsubj 2 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 color cop 3 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 5 color det 4 darkest dark ADJ Degree=Sup 5 color amod 5 color color NOUN Number=Sing root root 6 , , PUNCT _ 8 color punct 7 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 8 color det 8 color color NOUN Number=Sing 5 color appos 9 of of ADP _ 12 sky case 10 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 12 sky det 11 night night NOUN Number=Sing 12 sky compound 12 sky sky NOUN Number=Sing 8 color nmod 13 or or CCONJ _ 15 coal cc 14 of of ADP _ 15 coal case 15 coal coal NOUN Number=Sing 12 sky conj 16 . . PUNCT _ 5 color punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present Black the darkest color tree rules
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 Black means with no light: «It was black outside».
nsubj case det obl punct punct nsubj cop parataxis advmod punct punct root Black PROPN means VERB with ADP no DET light NOUN : PUNCT « PUNCT It PRON was AUX black ADJ outside ADV » PUNCT . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Black Black PROPN Number=Sing 2 means nsubj 2 means mean VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 with with ADP _ 5 light case 4 no no DET PronType=Neg 5 light det 5 light light NOUN Number=Sing 2 means obl 6 : : PUNCT _ 10 black punct 7 « « PUNCT _ 10 black punct 8 It it PRON Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 10 black nsubj 9 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 10 black cop 10 black black ADJ Degree=Pos 2 means parataxis 11 outside outside ADV _ 10 black advmod 12 » » PUNCT _ 10 black punct 13 . . PUNCT _ 2 means punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 mean present Black with no light vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 2 is in a quote past light black, outside property tree rules
Meaning 3 Black can describe people whose families came from Africa.
nsubj aux nsubj nmod:poss nsubj ccomp case obl punct root Black NOUN can AUX describe VERB people NOUN whose PRON families NOUN came VERB from ADP Africa PROPN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Black black NOUN Number=Sing 3 describe nsubj 2 can can AUX VerbForm=Fin 3 describe aux 3 describe describe VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 4 people people NOUN Number=Plur 7 came nsubj 5 whose whose PRON Poss=Yes PronType=Rel 6 families nmod:poss 6 families family NOUN Number=Plur 7 came nsubj 7 came come VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 3 describe ccomp 8 from from ADP _ 9 Africa case 9 Africa Africa PROPN Number=Sing 7 came obl 10 . . PUNCT _ 3 describe punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 describe can Black vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Agent clause=Theme 2 come past people Africa vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial_location»: agent=Theme from africa=Initial_Location
Meaning 4 Black coffee has no milk.
amod nsubj det obj punct root Black ADJ coffee NOUN has VERB no DET milk NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Black black ADJ Degree=Pos 2 coffee amod 2 coffee coffee NOUN Number=Sing 3 has nsubj 3 has have VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 no no DET PronType=Neg 5 milk det 5 milk milk NOUN Number=Sing 3 has obj 6 . . PUNCT _ 3 has punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 have present Black coffee no milk vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent milk=Patient
Example 1 There are 12 black cats and 8 white cats.
expl nummod amod nsubj cc nummod amod conj punct root There PRON are VERB 12 NUM black ADJ cats NOUN and CCONJ 8 NUM white ADJ cats NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 There there PRON PronType=Dem 2 are expl 2 are be VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 12 12 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 5 cats nummod 4 black black ADJ Degree=Pos 5 cats amod 5 cats cat NOUN Number=Plur 2 are nsubj 6 and and CCONJ _ 9 cats cc 7 8 8 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 9 cats nummod 8 white white ADJ Degree=Pos 9 cats amod 9 cats cat NOUN Number=Plur 5 cats conj 10 . . PUNCT _ 2 are punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 does present 12 black cats and 8 white cats there vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
Example 2 She has 5 black pens.
nsubj nummod amod obj punct root She PRON has VERB 5 NUM black ADJ pens NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 She she PRON Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 2 has nsubj 2 has have VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 5 5 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 5 pens nummod 4 black black ADJ Degree=Pos 5 pens amod 5 pens pen NOUN Number=Plur 2 has obj 6 . . PUNCT _ 2 has punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 have present She 5 black pens vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent pen=Patient
Example 3 How many socks are not black?
advmod amod nsubj cop advmod punct root How ADV many ADJ socks NOUN are AUX not PART black ADJ ? PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 How how ADV PronType=Int 2 many advmod 2 many many ADJ Degree=Pos 3 socks amod 3 socks sock NOUN Number=Plur 6 black nsubj 4 are be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 black cop 5 not not PART Polarity=Neg 6 black advmod 6 black black ADJ Degree=Pos root root 7 ? ? PUNCT _ 6 black punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 not is present many socks black property tree rules
Example 4 The black car costs more.
det amod nsubj obj punct root The DET black ADJ car NOUN costs VERB more ADJ . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 car det 2 black black ADJ Degree=Pos 3 car amod 3 car car NOUN Number=Sing 4 costs nsubj 4 costs cost VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 5 more more ADJ Degree=Cmp 4 costs obj 6 . . PUNCT _ 4 costs punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 cost present the black car more vn cost-54.2 «NP V NP.value»: agent=Theme more=Value
Example 5 Write your name in black ink.
nmod:poss obj case amod obl punct root Write VERB your PRON name NOUN in ADP black ADJ ink NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Write write VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 2 your your PRON Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 3 name nmod:poss 3 name name NOUN Number=Sing 1 Write obj 4 in in ADP _ 6 ink case 5 black black ADJ Degree=Pos 6 ink amod 6 ink ink NOUN Number=Sing 1 Write obl 7 . . PUNCT _ 1 Write punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 write imperative you not said here your name black ink vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent name=Theme in ink=Destination 2 name your nom name «communication transitive»: poss=agent
Example 6 The old film is in black and white.
det amod nsubj cop case cc conj punct root The DET old ADJ film NOUN is AUX in ADP black ADJ and CCONJ white ADJ . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 film det 2 old old ADJ Degree=Pos 3 film amod 3 film film NOUN Number=Sing 6 black nsubj 4 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 black cop 5 in in ADP _ 6 black case 6 black black ADJ Degree=Pos root root 7 and and CCONJ _ 8 white cc 8 white white ADJ Degree=Pos 6 black conj 9 . . PUNCT _ 6 black punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is present the old film black property tree rules 2 be the old film not said here tree rules
Example 7 The sky turned black before the storm.
det nsubj xcomp case det obl punct root The DET sky NOUN turned VERB black ADJ before ADP the DET storm NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 sky det 2 sky sky NOUN Number=Sing 3 turned nsubj 3 turned turn VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 black black ADJ Degree=Pos 3 turned xcomp 5 before before ADP _ 7 storm case 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 storm det 7 storm storm NOUN Number=Sing 3 turned obl 8 . . PUNCT _ 3 turned punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 turn past the sky the storm black property vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V PP.trajectory»: agent=Theme before storm=Trajectory
Example 8 A zebra has black and white stripes.
det nsubj amod cc conj obj punct root A DET zebra NOUN has VERB black ADJ and CCONJ white ADJ stripes NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 zebra det 2 zebra zebra NOUN Number=Sing 3 has nsubj 3 has have VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 black black ADJ Degree=Pos 7 stripes amod 5 and and CCONJ _ 6 white cc 6 white white ADJ Degree=Pos 4 black conj 7 stripes stripe NOUN Number=Plur 3 has obj 8 . . PUNCT _ 3 has punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 have present a zebra black stripes vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent stripe=Patient
Example 9 He got a black eye playing football.
nsubj det amod obj advcl obj punct root He PRON got VERB a DET black ADJ eye NOUN playing VERB football NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 He he PRON Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 2 got nsubj 2 got get VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 eye det 4 black black ADJ Degree=Pos 5 eye amod 5 eye eye NOUN Number=Sing 2 got obj 6 playing play VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 2 got advcl 7 football football NOUN Number=Sing 6 playing obj 8 . . PUNCT _ 2 got punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 get past He a black eye vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer eye=Stimulus 2 play gerund He not said here football vn use-105.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent football=Theme
Example 10 Black clothes get hot in the sun.
amod nsubj xcomp case det obl root Black ADJ clothes NOUN get VERB hot ADJ in ADP the DET sun. NOUN The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Black black ADJ Degree=Pos 2 clothes amod 2 clothes clothes NOUN Number=Ptan 3 get nsubj 3 get get VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 hot hot ADJ Degree=Pos 3 get xcomp 5 in in ADP _ 7 sun. case 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 sun. det 7 sun. sun. NOUN Number=Sing 3 get obl
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 get present Black clothes the sun. hot property vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Experiencer
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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