bray Who acts: donkey, sound, We, braying laugh, man, Hee haw · What happens: make, noise, laugh, talk, cry out, bray · To what, where: loud harsh noise, loud harsh voice, loud bray, field, café, dinner · Speech: someone speaks here
«bray» in the school dictionary: its 4 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: bray in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 To make the loud, harsh noise of a donkey (hee-haw).
The tree, 11 words mark det amod punct amod obj case det nmod punct compound punct appos punct punct root To PART make VERB the DET loud ADJ , PUNCT harsh ADJ noise NOUN of ADP a DET donkey NOUN ( PUNCT hee NOUN - PUNCT haw NOUN ) PUNCT . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 To to PART _ 2 make mark 2 make make VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 3 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 noise det 4 loud loud ADJ Degree=Pos 7 noise amod 5 , , PUNCT _ 4 loud punct 6 harsh harsh ADJ Degree=Pos 7 noise amod 7 noise noise NOUN Number=Sing 2 make obj 8 of of ADP _ 10 donkey case 9 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 10 donkey det 10 donkey donkey NOUN Number=Sing 7 noise nmod 11 ( ( PUNCT _ 14 haw punct 12 hee hee NOUN Number=Sing 14 haw compound 13 - - PUNCT _ 12 hee punct 14 haw haw NOUN Number=Sing 10 donkey appos 15 ) ) PUNCT _ 14 haw punct 16 . . PUNCT _ 2 make punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 make to-infinitive the loud harsh noise of a donkey vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset noise=Product 2 noise a donkey nom noise «event intransitive»: of=agent
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 Usage: of people — kept apart, not parsed.
To laugh or talk loudly and unpleasantly.
mark cc conj advmod cc conj punct root To PART laugh VERB or CCONJ talk VERB loudly ADV and CCONJ unpleasantly ADV . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 To to PART _ 2 laugh mark 2 laugh laugh VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 3 or or CCONJ _ 4 talk cc 4 talk talk VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin 2 laugh conj 5 loudly loudly ADV _ 4 talk advmod 6 and and CCONJ _ 7 unpleasantly cc 7 unpleasantly unpleasantly ADV _ 5 loudly conj 8 . . PUNCT _ 2 laugh punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 laugh to-infinitive vn nonverbal_expression-40.2 «NP V»: agent=Agent 2 talk infinitive loudly property vn talk-37.5 «NP V»: agent=Agent
Meaning 3 Usage: noun — kept apart, not parsed.
The sound a donkey makes.
det nsubj det nsubj punct root The DET sound NOUN a DET donkey NOUN makes VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 sound det 2 sound sound NOUN Number=Sing 5 makes nsubj 3 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 4 donkey det 4 donkey donkey NOUN Number=Sing 5 makes nsubj 5 makes make VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 6 . . PUNCT _ 5 makes punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 make present the sound vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset
Meaning 4 To cry out in a loud, harsh voice, especially in pain.
mark compound:prt case det amod punct amod obl punct advmod case conj punct root To PART cry VERB out ADP in ADP a DET loud ADJ , PUNCT harsh ADJ voice NOUN , PUNCT especially ADV in ADP pain NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 To to PART _ 2 cry mark 2 cry cry VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 3 out out ADP _ 2 cry compound:prt 4 in in ADP _ 9 voice case 5 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 9 voice det 6 loud loud ADJ Degree=Pos 9 voice amod 7 , , PUNCT _ 6 loud punct 8 harsh harsh ADJ Degree=Pos 9 voice amod 9 voice voice NOUN Number=Sing 2 cry obl 10 , , PUNCT _ 13 pain punct 11 especially especially ADV _ 13 pain advmod 12 in in ADP _ 13 pain case 13 pain pain NOUN Number=Sing 2 cry conj 14 . . PUNCT _ 2 cry punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 cry out speech: express to-infinitive a loud harsh voice vn sound_emission-43.2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in voice=Location
Example 1 The donkey brayed loudly at the gate.
det nsubj advmod case det obl punct root The DET donkey NOUN brayed VERB loudly ADV at ADP the DET gate NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 donkey det 2 donkey donkey NOUN Number=Sing 3 brayed nsubj 3 brayed bray VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 loudly loudly ADV _ 3 brayed advmod 5 at at ADP _ 7 gate case 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 gate det 7 gate gate NOUN Number=Sing 3 brayed obl 8 . . PUNCT _ 3 brayed punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 bray past the donkey at the gate; loudly property vn animal_sounds-38 «NP V PP.stimulus»: agent=Agent at gate=Stimulus
Example 2 We heard a loud bray from the field.
nsubj det amod obj case det obl punct root We PRON heard VERB a DET loud ADJ bray NOUN from ADP the DET field NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 We we PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs 2 heard nsubj 2 heard hear VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 bray det 4 loud loud ADJ Degree=Pos 5 bray amod 5 bray bray NOUN Number=Sing 2 heard obj 6 from from ADP _ 8 field case 7 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 8 field det 8 field field NOUN Number=Sing 2 heard obl 9 . . PUNCT _ 2 heard punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 hear past We a loud bray the field vn learn-14-2-1 «NP V NP PP.source»: agent=Agent bray=Topic from field=Source
Example 3 The man's braying laugh filled the café.
det nmod:poss case amod nsubj det obj punct root The DET man NOUN 's PART braying VERB laugh NOUN filled VERB the DET café NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 man det 2 man man NOUN Number=Sing 5 laugh nmod:poss 3 's 's PART _ 2 man case 4 braying bray VERB VerbForm=Ger 5 laugh amod 5 laugh laugh NOUN Number=Sing 6 filled nsubj 6 filled fill VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 7 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 8 café det 8 café café NOUN Number=Sing 6 filled obj 9 . . PUNCT _ 6 filled punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 bray gerund vn manner_speaking-37.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent 2 fill past the man's braying laugh the café vn other_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent café=Patient 3 laugh the man nom laugh «communication intransitive»: poss=agent
Example 4 Hee-haw is how we write a donkey's bray.
compound punct nsubj cop advmod nsubj det nmod:poss case obj punct root Hee PROPN - PUNCT haw NOUN is AUX how ADV we PRON write VERB a DET donkey NOUN 's PART bray NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Hee Hee PROPN Number=Sing 3 haw compound 2 - - PUNCT _ 1 Hee punct 3 haw haw NOUN Number=Sing 7 write nsubj 4 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 7 write cop 5 how how ADV PronType=Int 7 write advmod 6 we we PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs 7 write nsubj 7 write write VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 8 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 9 donkey det 9 donkey donkey NOUN Number=Sing 11 bray nmod:poss 10 's 's PART _ 9 donkey case 11 bray bray NOUN Number=Sing 7 write obj 12 . . PUNCT _ 7 write punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is present Hee haw write property tree rules 2 bray a donkey nom bray «event intransitive»: poss=agent
Example 5 The donkey brayed when it wanted its dinner.
det nsubj advmod nsubj ccomp nmod:poss obj punct root The DET donkey NOUN brayed VERB when ADV it PRON wanted VERB its PRON dinner NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 donkey det 2 donkey donkey NOUN Number=Sing 3 brayed nsubj 3 brayed bray VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 when when ADV PronType=Int 6 wanted advmod 5 it it PRON Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 6 wanted nsubj 6 wanted want VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 3 brayed ccomp 7 its its PRON Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 8 dinner nmod:poss 8 dinner dinner NOUN Number=Sing 6 wanted obj 9 . . PUNCT _ 3 brayed punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 bray past the donkey vn manner_speaking-37.3 «NP V how S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 2 want past donkey donkey's dinner vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Pivot dinner=Theme
Example 6 A trumpet in the band brayed out of tune.
det nsubj case det nmod case case obl punct root A DET trumpet NOUN in ADP the DET band NOUN brayed VERB out ADP of ADP tune NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 trumpet det 2 trumpet trumpet NOUN Number=Sing 6 brayed nsubj 3 in in ADP _ 5 band case 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 5 band det 5 band band NOUN Number=Sing 2 trumpet nmod 6 brayed bray VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 7 out out ADP _ 9 tune case 8 of of ADP _ 9 tune case 9 tune tune NOUN Number=Sing 6 brayed obl 10 . . PUNCT _ 6 brayed punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 bray past a trumpet in the band tune vn manner_speaking-37.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent
Example 7 Pinocchio screamed with pain and as he screamed he brayed:
nsubj case obl cc mark nsubj conj nsubj ccomp punct root Pinocchio PROPN screamed VERB with ADP pain NOUN and CCONJ as SCONJ he PRON screamed VERB he PRON brayed VERB : PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Pinocchio Pinocchio PROPN Number=Sing 2 screamed nsubj 2 screamed scream VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 with with ADP _ 4 pain case 4 pain pain NOUN Number=Sing 2 screamed obl 5 and and CCONJ _ 8 screamed cc 6 as as SCONJ _ 8 screamed mark 7 he he PRON Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 8 screamed nsubj 8 screamed scream VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 2 screamed conj 9 he he PRON Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 10 brayed nsubj 10 brayed bray VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 8 screamed ccomp 11 : : PUNCT _ 2 screamed punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 scream speech: express past Pinocchio with pain vn sound_emission-43.2 «NP.location V PP.theme»: agent=Location with pain=Theme 2 scream speech: express past Pinocchio vn manner_speaking-37.3 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 3 bray past Pinocchio vn manner_speaking-37.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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