broken Who acts: broken promise, broken bone, He, She, you · What happens: break, mean, damage, not work, be, not keep · To what, where: pieces, TV, one, Broken English, cracked bone, 10 crayons · Speech: someone speaks here
«broken» in the school dictionary: its 5 meanings for a pupil and its 11 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: broken in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 Broken means damaged, or in pieces.
nsubj ccomp punct cc case obl punct root Broken VERB means VERB damaged VERB , PUNCT or CCONJ in ADP pieces NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Broken break VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 2 means nsubj 2 means mean VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 damaged damage VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 2 means ccomp 4 , , PUNCT _ 7 pieces punct 5 or or CCONJ _ 7 pieces cc 6 in in ADP _ 7 pieces case 7 pieces piece NOUN Number=Plur 3 damaged obl 8 . . PUNCT _ 2 means punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 break participle vn hurt-40.8.3-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Patient 2 mean present vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 3 damage participle pieces vn destroy-44 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 Broken means not working: «The TV is broken».
nsubj advmod xcomp punct punct det nsubj:pass aux:pass parataxis punct punct root Broken VERB means VERB not PART working VERB : PUNCT « PUNCT The DET TV NOUN is AUX broken VERB » PUNCT . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Broken break VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 2 means nsubj 2 means mean VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 not not PART Polarity=Neg 4 working advmod 4 working work VERB VerbForm=Ger 2 means xcomp 5 : : PUNCT _ 10 broken punct 6 « « PUNCT _ 10 broken punct 7 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 8 TV det 8 TV TV NOUN Number=Sing 10 broken nsubj:pass 9 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 10 broken aux:pass 10 broken break VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 2 means parataxis 11 » » PUNCT _ 10 broken punct 12 . . PUNCT _ 2 means punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 break participle vn hurt-40.8.3-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Patient 2 mean present vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 3 not work not said to happen gerund vn employment-95.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent 4 break in a quote present · passive the TV vn hurt-40.8.3-1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient
Meaning 3 A broken promise is one that was not kept.
det amod nsubj cop obj aux:pass advmod acl:relcl punct root A DET broken VERB promise NOUN is AUX one NUM that PRON was AUX not PART kept VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 3 promise det 2 broken break VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 3 promise amod 3 promise promise NOUN Number=Sing 5 one nsubj 4 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 one cop 5 one one NUM NumForm=Word NumType=Card root root 6 that that PRON PronType=Rel 9 kept obj 7 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 9 kept aux:pass 8 not not PART Polarity=Neg 9 kept advmod 9 kept keep VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 5 one acl:relcl 10 . . PUNCT _ 5 one punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 break participle vn hurt-40.8.3-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Patient 2 is a present a broken promise one tree rules 3 not keep past · passive vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: that=Theme
Meaning 4 Broken English is spoken with many mistakes.
amod nsubj:pass aux:pass case amod obl punct root Broken ADJ English PROPN is AUX spoken VERB with ADP many ADJ mistakes NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Broken broken ADJ Degree=Pos 2 English amod 2 English English PROPN Number=Sing 4 spoken nsubj:pass 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 spoken aux:pass 4 spoken speak VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass root root 5 with with ADP _ 7 mistakes case 6 many many ADJ Degree=Pos 7 mistakes amod 7 mistakes mistake NOUN Number=Plur 4 spoken obl 8 . . PUNCT _ 4 spoken punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 speak speech: other present · passive Broken English with many mistakes tree rules
Meaning 5 A broken bone is a cracked bone.
det amod nsubj cop det amod punct root A DET broken VERB bone NOUN is AUX a DET cracked VERB bone NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 3 bone det 2 broken break VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 3 bone amod 3 bone bone NOUN Number=Sing 7 bone nsubj 4 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 7 bone cop 5 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 7 bone det 6 cracked crack VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 7 bone amod 7 bone bone NOUN Number=Sing root root 8 . . PUNCT _ 7 bone punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 break participle vn hurt-40.8.3-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Patient 2 crack participle vn sound_emission-43.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme 3 is a present a broken bone a cracked bone tree rules
Example 1 4 of the 24 eggs were broken.
case det nummod obl aux:pass parataxis punct root 4 NUM of ADP the DET 24 NUM eggs NOUN were AUX broken VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 4 4 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card root root 2 of of ADP _ 5 eggs case 3 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 5 eggs det 4 24 24 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 5 eggs nummod 5 eggs egg NOUN Number=Plur 7 broken obl 6 were be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 7 broken aux:pass 7 broken break VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 1 4 parataxis 8 . . PUNCT _ 1 4 punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 break past · passive of the 24 eggs vn split-23.2 «NP V PP.co-patient»: of egg=Co-Patient
Example 2 He has 10 crayons; 3 are broken.
nsubj nummod obj punct nsubj:pass aux:pass parataxis punct root He PRON has VERB 10 NUM crayons NOUN ; PUNCT 3 NUM are AUX broken VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 He he PRON Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 2 has nsubj 2 has have VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 10 10 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 4 crayons nummod 4 crayons crayon NOUN Number=Plur 2 has obj 5 ; ; PUNCT _ 6 3 punct 6 3 3 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 8 broken nsubj:pass 7 are be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 8 broken aux:pass 8 broken break VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 2 has parataxis 9 . . PUNCT _ 2 has punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 have present He 10 crayons vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent crayon=Patient 2 break present · passive 3 vn hurt-40.8.3-1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient
Example 3 How many plates are not broken?
advmod amod nsubj:pass aux:pass advmod punct root How ADV many ADJ plates NOUN are AUX not PART broken VERB ? PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 How how ADV PronType=Int 2 many advmod 2 many many ADJ Degree=Pos 3 plates amod 3 plates plate NOUN Number=Plur 6 broken nsubj:pass 4 are be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 broken aux:pass 5 not not PART Polarity=Neg 6 broken advmod 6 broken break VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass root root 7 ? ? PUNCT _ 6 broken punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 not break present · passive many plates vn hurt-40.8.3-1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient
Example 4 The broken stick was cut into 3 pieces.
det amod nsubj:pass aux:pass case nummod obl punct root The DET broken VERB stick NOUN was AUX cut VERB into ADP 3 NUM pieces NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 stick det 2 broken break VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 3 stick amod 3 stick stick NOUN Number=Sing 5 cut nsubj:pass 4 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 5 cut aux:pass 5 cut cut VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass root root 6 into into ADP _ 8 pieces case 7 3 3 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 8 pieces nummod 8 pieces piece NOUN Number=Plur 5 cut obl 9 . . PUNCT _ 5 cut punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 break participle vn hurt-40.8.3-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Patient 2 cut past · passive the broken stick 3 pieces vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP.material PP.product»: subject=Material into piece=Product
Example 5 She has a broken arm.
nsubj det amod obj punct root She PRON has VERB a DET broken VERB arm NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 She she PRON Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 2 has nsubj 2 has have VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 arm det 4 broken break VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 5 arm amod 5 arm arm NOUN Number=Sing 2 has obj 6 . . PUNCT _ 2 has punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 have present She a broken arm vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent arm=Patient 2 break participle vn hurt-40.8.3-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Patient
Example 6 The window was broken by a ball.
det nsubj:pass aux:pass case det obl punct root The DET window NOUN was AUX broken VERB by ADP a DET ball NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 window det 2 window window NOUN Number=Sing 4 broken nsubj:pass 3 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 4 broken aux:pass 4 broken break VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass root root 5 by by ADP _ 7 ball case 6 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 7 ball det 7 ball ball NOUN Number=Sing 4 broken obl 8 . . PUNCT _ 4 broken punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 break past · passive the window by a ball vn hurt-40.8.3-1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient
Example 7 My watch is broken.
nmod:poss nsubj:pass aux:pass punct root My PRON watch NOUN is AUX broken VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 My my PRON Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 2 watch nmod:poss 2 watch watch NOUN Number=Sing 4 broken nsubj:pass 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 broken aux:pass 4 broken break VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass root root 5 . . PUNCT _ 4 broken punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 break present · passive My watch vn hurt-40.8.3-1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient
Example 8 Don't touch broken glass, tell an adult.
aux advmod amod obj punct conj det obj punct root Do AUX n't PART touch VERB broken VERB glass NOUN , PUNCT tell VERB an DET adult NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Do do AUX Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin 3 touch aux 2 n't not PART Polarity=Neg 3 touch advmod 3 touch touch VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 4 broken break VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 5 glass amod 5 glass glass NOUN Number=Sing 3 touch obj 6 , , PUNCT _ 7 tell punct 7 tell tell VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin 3 touch conj 8 an a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 9 adult det 9 adult adult NOUN Number=Sing 7 tell obj 10 . . PUNCT _ 3 touch punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 not touch imperative · do-support you not said here broken glass vn contiguous_location-47.8-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme glass=Co-Theme 2 break participle vn hurt-40.8.3-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Patient 3 tell speech: assert infinitive you not said here a adult vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent adult=Recipient
Example 9 He felt sad about the broken promise.
nsubj xcomp case det amod obl punct root He PRON felt VERB sad ADJ about ADP the DET broken ADJ promise NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 He he PRON Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 2 felt nsubj 2 felt feel VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 sad sad ADJ Degree=Pos 2 felt xcomp 4 about about ADP _ 7 promise case 5 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 promise det 6 broken broken ADJ Degree=Pos 7 promise amod 7 promise promise NOUN Number=Sing 3 sad obl 8 . . PUNCT _ 2 felt punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 feel past He sad property vn stimulus_subject-30.4 «NP V ADJ»: agent=Stimulus
Example 10 Draw a broken line between the points.
det amod obj case det nmod punct root Draw VERB a DET broken VERB line NOUN between ADP the DET points NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Draw draw VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 2 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 4 line det 3 broken break VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 4 line amod 4 line line NOUN Number=Sing 1 Draw obj 5 between between ADP _ 7 points case 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 points det 7 points point NOUN Number=Plur 4 line nmod 8 . . PUNCT _ 1 Draw punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 draw imperative you not said here a broken line between the points vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent line=Theme 2 break participle vn hurt-40.8.3-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Patient
Example 11 And now my heart is broken."
cc advmod nmod:poss nsubj:pass aux:pass punct punct root And CCONJ now ADV my PRON heart NOUN is AUX broken VERB . PUNCT " PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 And and CCONJ _ 6 broken cc 2 now now ADV PronType=Dem 6 broken advmod 3 my my PRON Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 4 heart nmod:poss 4 heart heart NOUN Number=Sing 6 broken nsubj:pass 5 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 broken aux:pass 6 broken break VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass root root 7 . . PUNCT _ 6 broken punct 8 " " PUNCT _ 6 broken punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 break present · passive my heart now vn hurt-40.8.3-1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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