bug Who acts: germ, mistake, program, Bug juice, weak nasty drink, We · What happens: crawl, make, go, annoy, use, listen · To what, where: you, program, someone, tiny hidden microphone, one, slang
«bug» in the school dictionary: its 7 meanings for a pupil and its 9 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: bug in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 A small insect or other tiny crawling creature, like a beetle or an ant.
The tree, 14 words det amod cc amod amod amod conj punct case det appos cc det conj punct root A DET small ADJ insect NOUN or CCONJ other ADJ tiny ADJ crawling VERB creature NOUN , PUNCT like ADP a DET beetle NOUN or CCONJ an DET ant NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 3 insect det 2 small small ADJ Degree=Pos 3 insect amod 3 insect insect NOUN Number=Sing root root 4 or or CCONJ _ 8 creature cc 5 other other ADJ Degree=Pos 8 creature amod 6 tiny tiny ADJ Degree=Pos 8 creature amod 7 crawling crawl VERB VerbForm=Ger 8 creature amod 8 creature creature NOUN Number=Sing 3 insect conj 9 , , PUNCT _ 12 beetle punct 10 like like ADP _ 12 beetle case 11 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 12 beetle det 12 beetle beetle NOUN Number=Sing 8 creature appos 13 or or CCONJ _ 15 ant cc 14 an a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 15 ant det 15 ant ant NOUN Number=Sing 12 beetle conj 16 . . PUNCT _ 3 insect punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 crawl gerund vn run-51.3.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 A germ that makes you mildly ill, like a cold or stomach bug.
The tree, 13 words det nsubj acl:relcl obj advmod xcomp punct case det parataxis cc compound conj punct root A DET germ NOUN that PRON makes VERB you PRON mildly ADV ill ADJ , PUNCT like ADP a DET cold NOUN or CCONJ stomach NOUN bug NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 germ det 2 germ germ NOUN Number=Sing root root 3 that that PRON PronType=Rel 4 makes nsubj 4 makes make VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 2 germ acl:relcl 5 you you PRON Case=Acc Person=2 PronType=Prs 4 makes obj 6 mildly mildly ADV _ 7 ill advmod 7 ill ill ADJ Degree=Pos 4 makes xcomp 8 , , PUNCT _ 11 cold punct 9 like like ADP _ 11 cold case 10 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 11 cold det 11 cold cold NOUN Number=Sing 4 makes parataxis 12 or or CCONJ _ 14 bug cc 13 stomach stomach NOUN Number=Sing 14 bug compound 14 bug bug NOUN Number=Sing 11 cold conj 15 . . PUNCT _ 2 germ punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 make present a germ you ill property vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset you=Product
Meaning 3 A mistake in a computer program that makes it go wrong.
det case det compound nmod nsubj acl:relcl obj xcomp xcomp punct root A DET mistake NOUN in ADP a DET computer NOUN program NOUN that PRON makes VERB it PRON go VERB wrong ADJ . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 mistake det 2 mistake mistake NOUN Number=Sing root root 3 in in ADP _ 6 program case 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 6 program det 5 computer computer NOUN Number=Sing 6 program compound 6 program program NOUN Number=Sing 2 mistake nmod 7 that that PRON PronType=Rel 8 makes nsubj 8 makes make VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 2 mistake acl:relcl 9 it it PRON Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 8 makes obj 10 go go VERB VerbForm=Inf 8 makes xcomp 11 wrong wrong ADJ Degree=Pos 10 go xcomp 12 . . PUNCT _ 2 mistake punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 make present a mistake in a computer program program tree rules 2 go infinitive program not said here wrong property vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
Meaning 4 Usage: verb — kept apart, not parsed.
To annoy someone again and again.
mark obj advmod cc conj punct root To PART annoy VERB someone PRON again ADV and CCONJ again ADV . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 To to PART _ 2 annoy mark 2 annoy annoy VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 3 someone someone PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 2 annoy obj 4 again again ADV _ 2 annoy advmod 5 and and CCONJ _ 6 again cc 6 again again ADV _ 4 again conj 7 . . PUNCT _ 2 annoy punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 annoy to-infinitive someone again vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus someone=Experiencer
Meaning 5 A tiny hidden microphone used to listen secretly; (verb) to hide one.
The tree, 12 words det amod amod acl mark xcomp advmod punct punct appos punct mark acl obj punct root A DET tiny ADJ hidden ADJ microphone NOUN used VERB to PART listen VERB secretly ADV ; PUNCT ( PUNCT verb NOUN ) PUNCT to PART hide VERB one NUM . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 4 microphone det 2 tiny tiny ADJ Degree=Pos 4 microphone amod 3 hidden hidden ADJ Degree=Pos 4 microphone amod 4 microphone microphone NOUN Number=Sing root root 5 used use VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 4 microphone acl 6 to to PART _ 7 listen mark 7 listen listen VERB VerbForm=Inf 5 used xcomp 8 secretly secretly ADV _ 7 listen advmod 9 ; ; PUNCT _ 11 verb punct 10 ( ( PUNCT _ 11 verb punct 11 verb verb NOUN Number=Sing 4 microphone appos 12 ) ) PUNCT _ 11 verb punct 13 to to PART _ 14 hide mark 14 hide hide VERB VerbForm=Inf 4 microphone acl 15 one one NUM NumForm=Word NumType=Card 14 hide obj 16 . . PUNCT _ 4 microphone punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 use participle a tiny hidden microphone not said here vn use-105.1 «NP V NP S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality 2 listen to-infinitive secretly property vn peer-30.3 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent 3 hide to-infinitive one vn concealment-16-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent one=Patient
Meaning 6 A sudden strong interest: «the reading bug».
det amod amod punct punct det compound parataxis punct punct root A DET sudden ADJ strong ADJ interest NOUN : PUNCT « PUNCT the DET reading NOUN bug NOUN » PUNCT . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 4 interest det 2 sudden sudden ADJ Degree=Pos 4 interest amod 3 strong strong ADJ Degree=Pos 4 interest amod 4 interest interest NOUN Number=Sing root root 5 : : PUNCT _ 4 interest punct 6 « « PUNCT _ 9 bug punct 7 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 9 bug det 8 reading reading NOUN Number=Sing 9 bug compound 9 bug bug NOUN Number=Sing 4 interest parataxis 10 » » PUNCT _ 9 bug punct 11 . . PUNCT _ 4 interest punct
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.
Meaning 7 Bug juice is slang for a weak, nasty drink that is not worth much.
The tree, 14 words compound nsubj cop case det amod punct amod nmod nsubj cop advmod acl:relcl advmod punct root Bug NOUN juice NOUN is AUX slang NOUN for ADP a DET weak ADJ , PUNCT nasty ADJ drink NOUN that PRON is AUX not PART worth ADJ much ADV . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Bug bug NOUN Number=Sing 2 juice compound 2 juice juice NOUN Number=Sing 4 slang nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 slang cop 4 slang slang NOUN Number=Sing root root 5 for for ADP _ 10 drink case 6 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 10 drink det 7 weak weak ADJ Degree=Pos 10 drink amod 8 , , PUNCT _ 7 weak punct 9 nasty nasty ADJ Degree=Pos 10 drink amod 10 drink drink NOUN Number=Sing 4 slang nmod 11 that that PRON PronType=Rel 14 worth nsubj 12 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 14 worth cop 13 not not PART Polarity=Neg 14 worth advmod 14 worth worth ADJ Degree=Pos 10 drink acl:relcl 15 much much ADV _ 14 worth advmod 16 . . PUNCT _ 4 slang punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present Bug juice slang for a weak nasty drink tree rules 2 not is present a weak nasty drink worth property tree rules
Example 1 We found a green bug on the leaf.
nsubj det amod obj case det obl punct root We PRON found VERB a DET green ADJ bug NOUN on ADP the DET leaf NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 We we PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs 2 found nsubj 2 found find VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 bug det 4 green green ADJ Degree=Pos 5 bug amod 5 bug bug NOUN Number=Sing 2 found obj 6 on on ADP _ 8 leaf case 7 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 8 leaf det 8 leaf leaf NOUN Number=Sing 2 found obl 9 . . PUNCT _ 2 found punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 find past We a green bug the leaf vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent bug=Topic
Example 2 Ladybugs are bugs that eat aphids.
nsubj cop nsubj acl:relcl obj punct root Ladybugs NOUN are AUX bugs NOUN that PRON eat VERB aphids NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Ladybugs ladybug NOUN Number=Plur 3 bugs nsubj 2 are be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 3 bugs cop 3 bugs bug NOUN Number=Plur root root 4 that that PRON PronType=Rel 5 eat nsubj 5 eat eat VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 3 bugs acl:relcl 6 aphids aphid NOUN Number=Plur 5 eat obj 7 . . PUNCT _ 3 bugs punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present Ladybugs bugs tree rules 2 eat present bugs aphids vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent aphid=Patient
Example 3 I stayed home with a stomach bug.
nsubj advmod case det compound obl punct root I PRON stayed VERB home ADV with ADP a DET stomach NOUN bug NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 I I PRON Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 2 stayed nsubj 2 stayed stay VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 home home ADV _ 2 stayed advmod 4 with with ADP _ 7 bug case 5 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 7 bug det 6 stomach stomach NOUN Number=Sing 7 bug compound 7 bug bug NOUN Number=Sing 2 stayed obl 8 . . PUNCT _ 2 stayed punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 stay past I with a stomach bug; home property vn lodge-46 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme with bug=Location
Example 4 Wash your hands so you don't catch a bug.
nmod:poss obj advmod nsubj aux advmod advcl det obj punct root Wash VERB your PRON hands NOUN so ADV you PRON do AUX n't PART catch VERB a DET bug NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Wash wash VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 2 your your PRON Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 3 hands nmod:poss 3 hands hand NOUN Number=Plur 1 Wash obj 4 so so ADV _ 8 catch advmod 5 you you PRON Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs 8 catch nsubj 6 do do AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 8 catch aux 7 n't not PART Polarity=Neg 8 catch advmod 8 catch catch VERB VerbForm=Inf 1 Wash advcl 9 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 10 bug det 10 bug bug NOUN Number=Sing 8 catch obj 11 . . PUNCT _ 1 Wash punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 wash imperative you not said here your hands vn floss-41.2.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent hand=Patient 2 not catch present · do-support you a bug vn get-13.5.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent bug=Theme
Example 5 There was a bug in my game, so it kept crashing.
expl det nsubj case nmod:poss nmod punct advmod nsubj parataxis xcomp punct root There PRON was VERB a DET bug NOUN in ADP my PRON game NOUN , PUNCT so ADV it PRON kept VERB crashing VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 There there PRON PronType=Dem 2 was expl 2 was be VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 4 bug det 4 bug bug NOUN Number=Sing 2 was nsubj 5 in in ADP _ 7 game case 6 my my PRON Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 7 game nmod:poss 7 game game NOUN Number=Sing 4 bug nmod 8 , , PUNCT _ 11 kept punct 9 so so ADV _ 11 kept advmod 10 it it PRON Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 11 kept nsubj 11 kept keep VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 2 was parataxis 12 crashing crash VERB VerbForm=Ger 11 kept xcomp 13 . . PUNCT _ 2 was punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 be past a bug in my game there vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme 2 keep past bug tree rules 3 crash gerund bug not said here vn break-45.1 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient
Example 6 My little brother keeps bugging me while I read.
nmod:poss amod nsubj xcomp obj mark nsubj advcl punct root My PRON little ADJ brother NOUN keeps VERB bugging VERB me PRON while SCONJ I PRON read VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 My my PRON Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 3 brother nmod:poss 2 little little ADJ Degree=Pos 3 brother amod 3 brother brother NOUN Number=Sing 4 keeps nsubj 4 keeps keep VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 5 bugging bug VERB VerbForm=Ger 4 keeps xcomp 6 me I PRON Case=Acc Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 5 bugging obj 7 while while SCONJ _ 9 read mark 8 I I PRON Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 9 read nsubj 9 read read VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 bugging advcl 10 . . PUNCT _ 4 keeps punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 keep present My little brother tree rules 2 bug gerund My little brother not said here me vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus i=Experiencer 3 read present I vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
Example 7 After the trip, Sam caught the travel bug.
case det obl punct nsubj det compound obj punct root After ADP the DET trip NOUN , PUNCT Sam PROPN caught VERB the DET travel NOUN bug NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 After after ADP _ 3 trip case 2 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 trip det 3 trip trip NOUN Number=Sing 6 caught obl 4 , , PUNCT _ 3 trip punct 5 Sam Sam PROPN Number=Sing 6 caught nsubj 6 caught catch VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 7 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 9 bug det 8 travel travel NOUN Number=Sing 9 bug compound 9 bug bug NOUN Number=Sing 6 caught obj 10 . . PUNCT _ 6 caught punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 catch past Sam the travel bug after the trip vn get-13.5.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent bug=Theme
Example 8 Don't pick up bugs you don't know; some can sting.
aux advmod compound:prt obj nsubj aux advmod acl:relcl punct nsubj aux conj punct root Do AUX n't PART pick VERB up ADP bugs NOUN you PRON do AUX n't PART know VERB ; PUNCT some DET can AUX sting VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Do do AUX Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin 3 pick aux 2 n't not PART Polarity=Neg 3 pick advmod 3 pick pick VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 4 up up ADP _ 3 pick compound:prt 5 bugs bug NOUN Number=Plur 3 pick obj 6 you you PRON Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs 9 know nsubj 7 do do AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 9 know aux 8 n't not PART Polarity=Neg 9 know advmod 9 know know VERB VerbForm=Inf 5 bugs acl:relcl 10 ; ; PUNCT _ 13 sting punct 11 some some DET PronType=Ind 13 sting nsubj 12 can can AUX VerbForm=Fin 13 sting aux 13 sting sting VERB VerbForm=Inf 3 pick conj 14 . . PUNCT _ 3 pick punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 not pick up imperative · do-support you not said here bugs vn discover-84-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent bug=Topic 2 not know present · do-support you bugs not said here vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Experiencer bug=Stimulus 3 sting can some vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer
Example 9 The Spider came, and there he found a cricket, a beetle, and a bug.
The tree, 14 words det nsubj punct cc expl nsubj conj det obj punct det appos punct cc det obl punct root The DET Spider PROPN came VERB , PUNCT and CCONJ there PRON he PRON found VERB a DET cricket NOUN , PUNCT a DET beetle NOUN , PUNCT and CCONJ a DET bug NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 Spider det 2 Spider Spider PROPN Number=Sing 3 came nsubj 3 came come VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 , , PUNCT _ 8 found punct 5 and and CCONJ _ 8 found cc 6 there there PRON PronType=Dem 8 found expl 7 he he PRON Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 8 found nsubj 8 found find VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 3 came conj 9 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 10 cricket det 10 cricket cricket NOUN Number=Sing 8 found obj 11 , , PUNCT _ 13 beetle punct 12 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 13 beetle det 13 beetle beetle NOUN Number=Sing 10 cricket appos 14 , , PUNCT _ 17 bug punct 15 and and CCONJ _ 17 bug cc 16 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 17 bug det 17 bug bug NOUN Number=Sing 8 found obl 18 . . PUNCT _ 3 came punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 come past the Spider vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme 2 find past Spider a cricket there a bug obl vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent cricket=Topic
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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