bulk Who acts: bulk, We, paper, great bulk, He, bulk pack · What happens: be, mean, buy, bulk up, gain, finish · To what, where: large size, bulk, rice, muscle, toilet paper, path · Speech: someone speaks here
«bulk» in the school dictionary: its 4 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: bulk in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 The bulk of something is most of it: «the bulk of the work».
The tree, 13 words det nsubj case nmod cop case nmod punct punct det parataxis case det nmod punct punct root The DET bulk NOUN of ADP something PRON is AUX most ADJ of ADP it PRON : PUNCT « PUNCT the DET bulk NOUN of ADP the DET work NOUN » PUNCT . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 bulk det 2 bulk bulk NOUN Number=Sing 6 most nsubj 3 of of ADP _ 4 something case 4 something something PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 2 bulk nmod 5 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 most cop 6 most most ADJ Degree=Sup root root 7 of of ADP _ 8 it case 8 it it PRON Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 6 most nmod 9 : : PUNCT _ 12 bulk punct 10 « « PUNCT _ 12 bulk punct 11 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 12 bulk det 12 bulk bulk NOUN Number=Sing 6 most parataxis 13 of of ADP _ 15 work case 14 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 15 work det 15 work work NOUN Number=Sing 12 bulk nmod 16 » » PUNCT _ 12 bulk punct 17 . . PUNCT _ 6 most punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is present the bulk of something of it; most property tree rules
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 Bulk is the large size or weight of something: «the elephant's huge bulk».
The tree, 14 words nsubj cop det amod cc conj case nmod punct punct det nmod:poss case amod conj punct punct root Bulk NOUN is AUX the DET large ADJ size NOUN or CCONJ weight NOUN of ADP something PRON : PUNCT « PUNCT the DET elephant NOUN 's PART huge ADJ bulk NOUN » PUNCT . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Bulk bulk NOUN Number=Sing 5 size nsubj 2 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 size cop 3 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 5 size det 4 large large ADJ Degree=Pos 5 size amod 5 size size NOUN Number=Sing root root 6 or or CCONJ _ 7 weight cc 7 weight weight NOUN Number=Sing 5 size conj 8 of of ADP _ 9 something case 9 something something PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 7 weight nmod 10 : : PUNCT _ 16 bulk punct 11 « « PUNCT _ 16 bulk punct 12 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 13 elephant det 13 elephant elephant NOUN Number=Sing 16 bulk nmod:poss 14 's 's PART _ 13 elephant case 15 huge huge ADJ Degree=Pos 16 bulk amod 16 bulk bulk NOUN Number=Sing 5 size conj 17 » » PUNCT _ 16 bulk punct 18 . . PUNCT _ 5 size punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present Bulk the large size or weight of something and the elephant's huge bulk tree rules
Meaning 3 In bulk means in large amounts, usually for a cheaper price each: «buy rice in bulk».
The tree, 16 words case obl case amod obl punct advmod case det amod parataxis nmod:unmarked punct punct parataxis obj case obl punct punct root In ADP bulk NOUN means VERB in ADP large ADJ amounts NOUN , PUNCT usually ADV for ADP a DET cheaper ADJ price NOUN each DET : PUNCT « PUNCT buy VERB rice NOUN in ADP bulk NOUN » PUNCT . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 In in ADP _ 2 bulk case 2 bulk bulk NOUN Number=Sing 3 means obl 3 means mean VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 in in ADP _ 6 amounts case 5 large large ADJ Degree=Pos 6 amounts amod 6 amounts amount NOUN Number=Plur 3 means obl 7 , , PUNCT _ 12 price punct 8 usually usually ADV _ 12 price advmod 9 for for ADP _ 12 price case 10 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 12 price det 11 cheaper cheap ADJ Degree=Cmp 12 price amod 12 price price NOUN Number=Sing 3 means parataxis 13 each each DET PronType=Tot 12 price nmod:unmarked 14 : : PUNCT _ 16 buy punct 15 « « PUNCT _ 16 buy punct 16 buy buy VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin 3 means parataxis 17 rice rice NOUN Number=Sing 16 buy obj 18 in in ADP _ 19 bulk case 19 bulk bulk NOUN Number=Sing 16 buy obl 20 » » PUNCT _ 16 buy punct 21 . . PUNCT _ 3 means punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 mean present bulk in large amounts vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 2 buy in a quote infinitive rice bulk vn accept-77.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent rice=Theme
Meaning 4 To bulk up is to get bigger, often by gaining muscle.
mark advcl compound:prt cop mark xcomp punct advmod mark advcl obj punct root To PART bulk VERB up ADP is AUX to PART get VERB bigger ADJ , PUNCT often ADV by SCONJ gaining VERB muscle NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 To to PART _ 2 bulk mark 2 bulk bulk VERB VerbForm=Inf 6 get advcl 3 up up ADP _ 2 bulk compound:prt 4 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 get cop 5 to to PART _ 6 get mark 6 get get VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 7 bigger big ADJ Degree=Cmp 6 get xcomp 8 , , PUNCT _ 11 gaining punct 9 often often ADV _ 11 gaining advmod 10 by by SCONJ _ 11 gaining mark 11 gaining gain VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 6 get advcl 12 muscle muscle NOUN Number=Sing 11 gaining obj 13 . . PUNCT _ 6 get punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 bulk up to-infinitive tree rules 2 is present big, get property tree rules 3 gain gerund muscle often property vn get-13.5.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent muscle=Theme
Example 1 The bulk of the class finished early.
det nsubj case det nmod advmod punct root The DET bulk NOUN of ADP the DET class NOUN finished VERB early ADV . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 bulk det 2 bulk bulk NOUN Number=Sing 6 finished nsubj 3 of of ADP _ 5 class case 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 5 class det 5 class class NOUN Number=Sing 2 bulk nmod 6 finished finish VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 7 early early ADV Degree=Pos 6 finished advmod 8 . . PUNCT _ 6 finished punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 finish past the bulk of the class early property vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality
Example 2 We buy toilet paper in bulk because it's cheaper.
nsubj compound obj case obl mark nsubj cop advcl punct root We PRON buy VERB toilet NOUN paper NOUN in ADP bulk NOUN because SCONJ it PRON 's AUX cheaper ADJ . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 We we PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs 2 buy nsubj 2 buy buy VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 toilet toilet NOUN Number=Sing 4 paper compound 4 paper paper NOUN Number=Sing 2 buy obj 5 in in ADP _ 6 bulk case 6 bulk bulk NOUN Number=Sing 2 buy obl 7 because because SCONJ _ 10 cheaper mark 8 it it PRON Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 10 cheaper nsubj 9 's be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 10 cheaper cop 10 cheaper cheap ADJ Degree=Cmp 2 buy advcl 11 . . PUNCT _ 2 buy punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 buy present We toilet paper bulk vn accept-77.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent paper=Theme 2 is present paper cheap property tree rules
Example 3 The bear's great bulk blocked the path.
det nmod:poss case amod nsubj det obj punct root The DET bear NOUN 's PART great ADJ bulk NOUN blocked VERB the DET path NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 bear det 2 bear bear NOUN Number=Sing 5 bulk nmod:poss 3 's 's PART _ 2 bear case 4 great great ADJ Degree=Pos 5 bulk amod 5 bulk bulk NOUN Number=Sing 6 blocked nsubj 6 blocked block VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 7 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 8 path det 8 path path NOUN Number=Sing 6 blocked obj 9 . . PUNCT _ 6 blocked punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 block past the bear's great bulk the path vn forbid-64.4-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Causer path=Theme
Example 4 He's trying to bulk up for rugby.
nsubj aux mark xcomp compound:prt case obl punct root He PRON 's AUX trying VERB to PART bulk VERB up ADP for ADP rugby NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 He he PRON Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 3 trying nsubj 2 's be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 3 trying aux 3 trying try VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part root root 4 to to PART _ 5 bulk mark 5 bulk bulk VERB VerbForm=Inf 3 trying xcomp 6 up up ADP _ 5 bulk compound:prt 7 for for ADP _ 8 rugby case 8 rugby rugby NOUN Number=Sing 5 bulk obl 9 . . PUNCT _ 3 trying punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 try present · progressive He vn try-61.1 «NP V S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality 2 bulk up not said to happen to-infinitive He not said here for rugby tree rules
Example 5 The bulk of the money went on the new library.
det nsubj case det nmod case det amod obl punct root The DET bulk NOUN of ADP the DET money NOUN went VERB on ADP the DET new ADJ library NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 bulk det 2 bulk bulk NOUN Number=Sing 6 went nsubj 3 of of ADP _ 5 money case 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 5 money det 5 money money NOUN Number=Sing 2 bulk nmod 6 went go VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 7 on on ADP _ 10 library case 8 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 10 library det 9 new new ADJ Degree=Pos 10 library amod 10 library library NOUN Number=Sing 6 went obl 11 . . PUNCT _ 6 went punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 go past the bulk of the money the new library vn occur-48.3-2 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme on library=Location
Example 6 A bulk pack of 24 pencils costs less per pencil.
det amod nsubj case nummod nmod obj case obl punct root A DET bulk ADJ pack NOUN of ADP 24 NUM pencils NOUN costs VERB less ADJ per ADP pencil NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 3 pack det 2 bulk bulk ADJ Degree=Pos 3 pack amod 3 pack pack NOUN Number=Sing 7 costs nsubj 4 of of ADP _ 6 pencils case 5 24 24 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 6 pencils nummod 6 pencils pencil NOUN Number=Plur 3 pack nmod 7 costs cost VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 8 less less ADJ Degree=Cmp 7 costs obj 9 per per ADP _ 10 pencil case 10 pencil pencil NOUN Number=Sing 8 less obl 11 . . PUNCT _ 7 costs punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 cost present a bulk pack of 24 pencils less vn cost-54.2 «NP V NP.value»: agent=Theme less=Value
Example 7 The great bulk of them are not the immediate work of Æsop.
det amod nsubj case nmod cop advmod det amod case nmod punct root The DET great ADJ bulk NOUN of ADP them PRON are AUX not PART the DET immediate ADJ work NOUN of ADP Æsop PROPN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 bulk det 2 great great ADJ Degree=Pos 3 bulk amod 3 bulk bulk NOUN Number=Sing 10 work nsubj 4 of of ADP _ 5 them case 5 them they PRON Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs 3 bulk nmod 6 are be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 10 work cop 7 not not PART Polarity=Neg 10 work advmod 8 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 10 work det 9 immediate immediate ADJ Degree=Pos 10 work amod 10 work work NOUN Number=Sing root root 11 of of ADP _ 12 Æsop case 12 Æsop Æsop PROPN Number=Sing 10 work nmod 13 . . PUNCT _ 10 work punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 not is a present the great bulk of them the immediate work of Æsop tree rules
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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