byzantine Who acts: Byzantine, Roman Empire, Rome, Byzantine art, holy pictures, capital · What happens: describe, last, fall, have, call, mean · To what, where: Byzantine Empire, gold mosaics, icons, byzantine rules, Constantinople, famous Byzantine church · Speech: someone speaks here
«byzantine» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: byzantine in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 Usage: history — kept apart, not parsed.
Byzantine describes the Byzantine Empire, the eastern part of the Roman Empire, which lasted for about a thousand years after Rome fell, with its capital at Constantinople (now Istanbul).
The tree, 29 words nsubj det compound obj punct det amod appos case det compound nmod punct nsubj acl:relcl case advmod det nummod obl mark nsubj advcl punct case nmod:poss obl case nmod punct advmod appos punct punct root Byzantine NOUN describes VERB the DET Byzantine PROPN Empire PROPN , PUNCT the DET eastern ADJ part NOUN of ADP the DET Roman PROPN Empire PROPN , PUNCT which PRON lasted VERB for ADP about ADV a DET thousand NUM years NOUN after SCONJ Rome PROPN fell VERB , PUNCT with ADP its PRON capital NOUN at ADP Constantinople PROPN ( PUNCT now ADV Istanbul PROPN ) PUNCT . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Byzantine byzantine NOUN Number=Sing 2 describes nsubj 2 describes describe VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 5 Empire det 4 Byzantine Byzantine PROPN Number=Sing 5 Empire compound 5 Empire Empire PROPN Number=Sing 2 describes obj 6 , , PUNCT _ 9 part punct 7 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 9 part det 8 eastern eastern ADJ Degree=Pos 9 part amod 9 part part NOUN Number=Sing 5 Empire appos 10 of of ADP _ 13 Empire case 11 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 13 Empire det 12 Roman Roman PROPN Number=Sing 13 Empire compound 13 Empire Empire PROPN Number=Sing 9 part nmod 14 , , PUNCT _ 16 lasted punct 15 which which PRON PronType=Rel 16 lasted nsubj 16 lasted last VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 13 Empire acl:relcl 17 for for ADP _ 21 years case 18 about about ADV _ 20 thousand advmod 19 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 20 thousand det 20 thousand thousand NUM NumForm=Word NumType=Card 21 years nummod 21 years year NOUN Number=Plur 16 lasted obl 22 after after SCONJ _ 24 fell mark 23 Rome Rome PROPN Number=Sing 24 fell nsubj 24 fell fall VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 16 lasted advcl 25 , , PUNCT _ 28 capital punct 26 with with ADP _ 28 capital case 27 its its PRON Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 28 capital nmod:poss 28 capital capital NOUN Number=Sing 24 fell obl 29 at at ADP _ 30 Constantinople case 30 Constantinople Constantinople PROPN Number=Sing 28 capital nmod 31 ( ( PUNCT _ 33 Istanbul punct 32 now now ADV PronType=Dem 33 Istanbul advmod 33 Istanbul Istanbul PROPN Number=Sing 30 Constantinople appos 34 ) ) PUNCT _ 33 Istanbul punct 35 . . PUNCT _ 2 describes punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 describe present Byzantine the Byzantine Empire vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S_ING»: agent=Agent empire=Theme 2 last past the Roman Empire year vn cost-54.2 «NP V NP.value»: agent=Theme 3 fall past Rome with Empire's capital at Constantinople vn occur-48.3 «NP V»: agent=Theme
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 Usage: history, art, church — kept apart, not parsed.
Byzantine art and churches have gold mosaics, domes and holy pictures called icons.
The tree, 13 words amod nsubj cc conj compound obj punct conj cc amod conj acl xcomp punct root Byzantine ADJ art NOUN and CCONJ churches NOUN have VERB gold NOUN mosaics NOUN , PUNCT domes NOUN and CCONJ holy ADJ pictures NOUN called VERB icons NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Byzantine byzantine ADJ Degree=Pos 2 art amod 2 art art NOUN Number=Sing 5 have nsubj 3 and and CCONJ _ 4 churches cc 4 churches church NOUN Number=Plur 2 art conj 5 have have VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 6 gold gold NOUN Number=Sing 7 mosaics compound 7 mosaics mosaic NOUN Number=Plur 5 have obj 8 , , PUNCT _ 9 domes punct 9 domes dome NOUN Number=Plur 7 mosaics conj 10 and and CCONJ _ 12 pictures cc 11 holy holy ADJ Degree=Pos 12 pictures amod 12 pictures picture NOUN Number=Plur 7 mosaics conj 13 called call VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 12 pictures acl 14 icons icon NOUN Number=Plur 13 called xcomp 15 . . PUNCT _ 5 have punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 have present Byzantine art and churches gold mosaics and domes and holy pictures vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent mosaic=Patient 2 call participle holy pictures not said here icons vn initiate_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
Meaning 3 Usage: formal — kept apart, not parsed.
byzantine (small b) means far too complicated and hard to understand: byzantine rules.
The tree, 13 words nsubj punct amod flat punct advmod advmod ccomp cc conj mark xcomp punct compound obl punct root byzantine NOUN ( PUNCT small ADJ b NOUN ) PUNCT means VERB far ADV too ADV complicated ADJ and CCONJ hard ADJ to PART understand VERB : PUNCT byzantine NOUN rules NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 byzantine byzantine NOUN Number=Sing 6 means nsubj 2 ( ( PUNCT _ 4 b punct 3 small small ADJ Degree=Pos 4 b amod 4 b B NOUN Number=Sing 1 byzantine flat 5 ) ) PUNCT _ 4 b punct 6 means mean VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 7 far far ADV Degree=Pos 9 complicated advmod 8 too too ADV _ 9 complicated advmod 9 complicated complicated ADJ Degree=Pos 6 means ccomp 10 and and CCONJ _ 11 hard cc 11 hard hard ADJ Degree=Pos 9 complicated conj 12 to to PART _ 13 understand mark 13 understand understand VERB VerbForm=Inf 11 hard xcomp 14 : : PUNCT _ 16 rules punct 15 byzantine byzantine NOUN Number=Sing 16 rules compound 16 rules rule NOUN Number=Plur 13 understand obl 17 . . PUNCT _ 6 means punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 mean present byzantine vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent 2 understand to-infinitive byzantine not said here byzantine rules vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer
Example 1 The Byzantine Empire's capital was Constantinople.
det compound nmod:poss case nsubj cop punct root The DET Byzantine PROPN Empire PROPN 's PART capital NOUN was AUX Constantinople PROPN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 Empire det 2 Byzantine Byzantine PROPN Number=Sing 3 Empire compound 3 Empire Empire PROPN Number=Sing 5 capital nmod:poss 4 's 's PART _ 3 Empire case 5 capital capital NOUN Number=Sing 7 Constantinople nsubj 6 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 7 Constantinople cop 7 Constantinople Constantinople PROPN Number=Sing root root 8 . . PUNCT _ 7 Constantinople punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a past the Byzantine Empire's capital Constantinople tree rules
Example 2 Hagia Sophia is a famous Byzantine church with a huge dome.
compound nsubj cop det amod amod case det amod nmod punct root Hagia PROPN Sophia PROPN is AUX a DET famous ADJ Byzantine ADJ church NOUN with ADP a DET huge ADJ dome NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Hagia Hagia PROPN Number=Sing 2 Sophia compound 2 Sophia Sophia PROPN Number=Sing 7 church nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 7 church cop 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 7 church det 5 famous famous ADJ Degree=Pos 7 church amod 6 Byzantine byzantine ADJ Degree=Pos 7 church amod 7 church church NOUN Number=Sing root root 8 with with ADP _ 11 dome case 9 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 11 dome det 10 huge huge ADJ Degree=Pos 11 dome amod 11 dome dome NOUN Number=Sing 7 church nmod 12 . . PUNCT _ 7 church punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present Hagia Sophia a famous Byzantine church with a huge dome tree rules
Example 3 Byzantine mosaics shine with tiny pieces of gold glass.
amod nsubj case amod obl case compound nmod punct root Byzantine ADJ mosaics NOUN shine VERB with ADP tiny ADJ pieces NOUN of ADP gold NOUN glass NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Byzantine byzantine ADJ Degree=Pos 2 mosaics amod 2 mosaics mosaic NOUN Number=Plur 3 shine nsubj 3 shine shine VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 with with ADP _ 6 pieces case 5 tiny tiny ADJ Degree=Pos 6 pieces amod 6 pieces piece NOUN Number=Plur 3 shine obl 7 of of ADP _ 9 glass case 8 gold gold NOUN Number=Sing 9 glass compound 9 glass glass NOUN Number=Sing 6 pieces nmod 10 . . PUNCT _ 3 shine punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 shine present Byzantine mosaics with tiny pieces of gold glass vn light_emission-43.1 «NP.location V PP.theme»: agent=Location with piece=Theme
Example 4 Orthodox Christians still pray with icons in the Byzantine style.
amod nsubj advmod case obl case det amod obl punct root Orthodox ADJ Christians PROPN still ADV pray VERB with ADP icons NOUN in ADP the DET Byzantine ADJ style NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Orthodox orthodox ADJ Degree=Pos 2 Christians amod 2 Christians Christian PROPN Number=Plur 4 pray nsubj 3 still still ADV _ 4 pray advmod 4 pray pray VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 5 with with ADP _ 6 icons case 6 icons icon NOUN Number=Plur 4 pray obl 7 in in ADP _ 10 style case 8 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 10 style det 9 Byzantine byzantine ADJ Degree=Pos 10 style amod 10 style style NOUN Number=Sing 4 pray obl 11 . . PUNCT _ 4 pray punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 pray present Orthodox Christians the Byzantine style still with icons vn long-32.2 «NP V S_INF»: agent=Pivot
Example 5 (formal) The club's rules were so byzantine that nobody understood them.
The tree, 12 words punct amod punct det nmod:poss case nsubj cop advmod obj nsubj acl:relcl obj punct root ( PUNCT formal ADJ ) PUNCT The DET club NOUN 's PART rules NOUN were AUX so ADV byzantine NOUN that PRON nobody PRON understood VERB them PRON . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 ( ( PUNCT _ 2 formal punct 2 formal formal ADJ Degree=Pos 7 rules amod 3 ) ) PUNCT _ 2 formal punct 4 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 5 club det 5 club club NOUN Number=Sing 7 rules nmod:poss 6 's 's PART _ 5 club case 7 rules rule NOUN Number=Plur 10 byzantine nsubj 8 were be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 10 byzantine cop 9 so so ADV _ 10 byzantine advmod 10 byzantine byzantine NOUN Number=Sing root root 11 that that PRON PronType=Rel 13 understood obj 12 nobody nobody PRON Number=Sing PronType=Neg 13 understood nsubj 13 understood understand VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 10 byzantine acl:relcl 14 them they PRON Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs 13 understood obj 15 . . PUNCT _ 10 byzantine punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a past the club's formal rules byzantine tree rules 2 understand past nobody byzantine tree rules 3 rule the club nom rule «cognition intransitive»: poss=agent
Example 6 The Byzantines spoke Greek but called themselves Romans.
det nsubj xcomp cc conj obj xcomp punct root The DET Byzantines PROPN spoke VERB Greek ADJ but CCONJ called VERB themselves PRON Romans PROPN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 Byzantines det 2 Byzantines Byzantine PROPN Number=Plur 3 spoke nsubj 3 spoke speak VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 Greek Greek ADJ Degree=Pos 3 spoke xcomp 5 but but CCONJ _ 6 called cc 6 called call VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 3 spoke conj 7 themselves themselves PRON Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs Reflex=Yes 6 called obj 8 Romans Roman PROPN Number=Plur 6 called xcomp 9 . . PUNCT _ 3 spoke punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 speak speech: other past the Byzantines greek property vn talk-37.5 «NP V»: agent=Agent 2 call past the Byzantines not said here Byzantines = byzantine vn initiate_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent themselves=Recipient
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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