cacao Who acts: Cacao, seeds, cacao tree, Ghana, Aztecs, bar · What happens: be, call, use, make, mean, grow · To what, where: tropical tree, cacao beans, seeds, chocolate, beans, raw powder · Speech: someone speaks here
«cacao» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: cacao in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 Cacao is a tropical tree whose seeds, called cacao beans or cocoa beans, are used to make chocolate and cocoa.
The tree, 20 words nsubj cop det amod nmod:poss nsubj:pass punct acl compound xcomp cc compound conj punct aux:pass acl:relcl mark advcl obj cc conj punct root Cacao NOUN is AUX a DET tropical ADJ tree NOUN whose PRON seeds NOUN , PUNCT called VERB cacao NOUN beans NOUN or CCONJ cocoa NOUN beans NOUN , PUNCT are AUX used VERB to PART make VERB chocolate NOUN and CCONJ cocoa NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Cacao cacao NOUN Number=Sing 5 tree nsubj 2 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 tree cop 3 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 tree det 4 tropical tropical ADJ Degree=Pos 5 tree amod 5 tree tree NOUN Number=Sing root root 6 whose whose PRON Poss=Yes PronType=Rel 7 seeds nmod:poss 7 seeds seed NOUN Number=Plur 17 used nsubj:pass 8 , , PUNCT _ 9 called punct 9 called call VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 7 seeds acl 10 cacao cacao NOUN Number=Sing 11 beans compound 11 beans bean NOUN Number=Plur 9 called xcomp 12 or or CCONJ _ 14 beans cc 13 cocoa cocoa NOUN Number=Sing 14 beans compound 14 beans bean NOUN Number=Plur 11 beans conj 15 , , PUNCT _ 7 seeds punct 16 are be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 17 used aux:pass 17 used use VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 5 tree acl:relcl 18 to to PART _ 19 make mark 19 make make VERB VerbForm=Inf 17 used advcl 20 chocolate chocolate NOUN Number=Sing 19 make obj 21 and and CCONJ _ 22 cocoa cc 22 cocoa cocoa NOUN Number=Sing 20 chocolate conj 23 . . PUNCT _ 5 tree punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present Cacao a tropical tree tree rules 2 call participle seeds not said here cacao beans or cocoa beans vn initiate_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent 3 use present · passive seeds vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient 4 make to-infinitive chocolate and cocoa vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset chocolate=Product
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 Cacao also means those beans or the raw powder made from them before much processing.
The tree, 15 words nsubj advmod det obj cc det amod conj acl case obl case amod obl punct root Cacao NOUN also ADV means VERB those DET beans NOUN or CCONJ the DET raw ADJ powder NOUN made VERB from ADP them PRON before ADP much ADJ processing NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Cacao cacao NOUN Number=Sing 3 means nsubj 2 also also ADV _ 3 means advmod 3 means mean VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 those that DET Number=Plur PronType=Dem 5 beans det 5 beans bean NOUN Number=Plur 3 means obj 6 or or CCONJ _ 9 powder cc 7 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 9 powder det 8 raw raw ADJ Degree=Pos 9 powder amod 9 powder powder NOUN Number=Sing 5 beans conj 10 made make VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 9 powder acl 11 from from ADP _ 12 them case 12 them they PRON Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs 10 made obl 13 before before ADP _ 15 processing case 14 much much ADJ Degree=Pos 15 processing amod 15 processing processing NOUN Number=Sing 10 made obl 16 . . PUNCT _ 3 means punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 mean present Cacao that beans or the raw powder vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent bean=Topic 2 make participle the raw powder not said here before much processing from beans = bean vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V PP»: agent=Asset from they=Material
Example 1 Chocolate is made from cacao beans.
nsubj:pass aux:pass case compound obl punct root Chocolate NOUN is AUX made VERB from ADP cacao NOUN beans NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Chocolate chocolate NOUN Number=Sing 3 made nsubj:pass 2 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 3 made aux:pass 3 made make VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass root root 4 from from ADP _ 6 beans case 5 cacao cacao NOUN Number=Sing 6 beans compound 6 beans bean NOUN Number=Plur 3 made obl 7 . . PUNCT _ 3 made punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 make present · passive Chocolate cacao beans vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V PP»: subject=Product from bean=Material
Example 2 The cacao tree grows pods on its trunk.
det compound nsubj obj case nmod:poss obl punct root The DET cacao NOUN tree NOUN grows VERB pods NOUN on ADP its PRON trunk NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 tree det 2 cacao cacao NOUN Number=Sing 3 tree compound 3 tree tree NOUN Number=Sing 4 grows nsubj 4 grows grow VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 5 pods pod NOUN Number=Plur 4 grows obj 6 on on ADP _ 8 trunk case 7 its its PRON Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 8 trunk nmod:poss 8 trunk trunk NOUN Number=Sing 4 grows obl 9 . . PUNCT _ 4 grows punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 grow present the cacao tree pods tree's trunk vn appear-48.1.1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location pod=Theme
Example 3 Ghana and Ivory Coast grow lots of cacao.
nsubj cc compound conj obj case nmod punct root Ghana PROPN and CCONJ Ivory PROPN Coast PROPN grow VERB lots NOUN of ADP cacao NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Ghana Ghana PROPN Number=Sing 5 grow nsubj 2 and and CCONJ _ 4 Coast cc 3 Ivory Ivory PROPN Number=Sing 4 Coast compound 4 Coast Coast PROPN Number=Sing 1 Ghana conj 5 grow grow VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 6 lots lot NOUN Number=Plur 5 grow obj 7 of of ADP _ 8 cacao case 8 cacao cacao NOUN Number=Sing 6 lots nmod 9 . . PUNCT _ 5 grow punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 grow present Ghana and Ivory Coast lots of cacao vn appear-48.1.1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location lot=Theme
Example 4 The Aztecs drank bitter cacao with chilli.
det nsubj amod obj case nmod punct root The DET Aztecs PROPN drank VERB bitter ADJ cacao NOUN with ADP chilli NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 Aztecs det 2 Aztecs Aztec PROPN Number=Plur 3 drank nsubj 3 drank drink VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 bitter bitter ADJ Degree=Pos 5 cacao amod 5 cacao cacao NOUN Number=Sing 3 drank obj 6 with with ADP _ 7 chilli case 7 chilli chilli NOUN Number=Sing 5 cacao nmod 8 . . PUNCT _ 3 drank punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 drink past the Aztecs bitter cacao with chilli vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent cacao=Patient
Example 5 Cacao beans are dried in the sun.
compound nsubj:pass aux:pass case det obl root Cacao NOUN beans NOUN are AUX dried VERB in ADP the DET sun. NOUN The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Cacao cacao NOUN Number=Sing 2 beans compound 2 beans bean NOUN Number=Plur 4 dried nsubj:pass 3 are be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 dried aux:pass 4 dried dry VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass root root 5 in in ADP _ 7 sun. case 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 sun. det 7 sun. sun. NOUN Number=Sing 4 dried obl
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 dry present · passive Cacao beans the sun. vn other_cos-45.4-1 «NP V NP ADJ»: subject=Result
Example 6 This bar has seventy per cent cacao.
det nsubj nummod compound compound obj punct root This DET bar NOUN has VERB seventy NUM per NOUN cent NOUN cacao NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 This this DET Number=Sing PronType=Dem 2 bar det 2 bar bar NOUN Number=Sing 3 has nsubj 3 has have VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 seventy seventy NUM NumForm=Word NumType=Card 6 cent nummod 5 per per NOUN Number=Sing 6 cent compound 6 cent cent NOUN Number=Sing 7 cacao compound 7 cacao cacao NOUN Number=Sing 3 has obj 8 . . PUNCT _ 3 has punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 have present this bar cent cacao vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent cacao=Patient
Example 7 Each cacao pod holds about forty beans.
det compound nsubj case nummod obl punct root Each DET cacao NOUN pod NOUN holds VERB about ADP forty NUM beans NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Each each DET PronType=Tot 3 pod det 2 cacao cacao NOUN Number=Sing 3 pod compound 3 pod pod NOUN Number=Sing 4 holds nsubj 4 holds hold VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 5 about about ADP _ 7 beans case 6 forty forty NUM NumForm=Word NumType=Card 7 beans nummod 7 beans bean NOUN Number=Plur 4 holds obl 8 . . PUNCT _ 4 holds punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 hold present each cacao pod about forty beans vn exist-47.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme about bean=Location
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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