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cactus

Who acts: cactus, plant, thick stem, you, grandma, cacti · What happens: be, grow, store, live, not touch, have · To what, where: plant, hot dry places, water, desert, cactus, windowsill

«cactus» in the school dictionary: its meaning for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: cactus in the school dictionary.

Meaning 1

A cactus is a plant that grows in hot, dry places such as deserts, with a thick stem that stores water and usually sharp spines instead of leaves.

The tree, 28 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	2 cactus	det
2	cactus	cactus	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 plant	nsubj
3	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 plant	cop
4	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	5 plant	det
5	plant	plant	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
6	that	that	PRON	PronType=Rel	7 grows	nsubj
7	grows	grow	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 plant	acl:relcl
8	in	in	ADP	_	12 places	case
9	hot	hot	ADJ	Degree=Pos	12 places	amod
10	,	,	PUNCT	_	9 hot	punct
11	dry	dry	ADJ	Degree=Pos	12 places	amod
12	places	place	NOUN	Number=Plur	7 grows	obl
13	such	such	ADJ	Degree=Pos ExtPos=ADP	15 deserts	case
14	as	as	ADP	_	13 such	fixed
15	deserts	desert	NOUN	Number=Plur	12 places	nmod
16	,	,	PUNCT	_	20 stem	punct
17	with	with	ADP	_	20 stem	case
18	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	20 stem	det
19	thick	thick	ADJ	Degree=Pos	20 stem	amod
20	stem	stem	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 places	appos
21	that	that	PRON	PronType=Rel	22 stores	nsubj
22	stores	store	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	20 stem	acl:relcl
23	water	water	NOUN	Number=Sing	22 stores	obj
24	and	and	CCONJ	_	27 spines	cc
25	usually	usually	ADV	_	27 spines	advmod
26	sharp	sharp	ADJ	Degree=Pos	27 spines	amod
27	spines	spine	NOUN	Number=Plur	23 water	conj
28	instead	instead	ADV	ExtPos=ADP	30 leaves	case
29	of	of	ADP	_	28 instead	fixed
30	leaves	leaf	NOUN	Number=Plur	22 stores	obl
31	.	.	PUNCT	_	5 plant	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is a	present	a cactus	a plant					tree rules
2	grow	present	a plant			hot dry places such deserts			vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in place=Location
3	store	present	a thick stem	water and sharp spines				instead leaves	vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent water=Theme

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Example 1

A cactus can live in the desert for a long time without rain.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	2 cactus	det
2	cactus	cactus	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 live	nsubj
3	can	can	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	4 live	aux
4	live	live	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
5	in	in	ADP	_	7 desert	case
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 desert	det
7	desert	desert	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 live	obl
8	for	for	ADP	_	11 time	case
9	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	11 time	det
10	long	long	ADJ	Degree=Pos	11 time	amod
11	time	time	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 live	obl
12	without	without	ADP	_	13 rain	case
13	rain	rain	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 live	obl
14	.	.	PUNCT	_	4 live	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	live	can	a cactus			the desert	time	without rain	vn lodge-46 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in desert=Location

Example 2

Don't touch the cactus; it's prickly!

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Do	do	AUX	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	3 touch	aux
2	n't	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	3 touch	advmod
3	touch	touch	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 cactus	det
5	cactus	cactus	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 touch	obj
6	;	;	PUNCT	_	3 touch	punct
7	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	9 prickly	nsubj
8	's	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	9 prickly	cop
9	prickly	prickly	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 touch	advcl
10	!	!	PUNCT	_	3 touch	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	not touch	imperative · do-support	you not said here	the cactus					vn contiguous_location-47.8-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme cactus=Co-Theme
2	is	present	cactus					prickly property	tree rules

Example 3

My grandma has a cactus on her windowsill.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	My	my	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	2 grandma	nmod:poss
2	grandma	grandma	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 has	nsubj
3	has	have	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	5 cactus	det
5	cactus	cactus	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 has	obj
6	on	on	ADP	_	8 windowsill	case
7	her	her	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	8 windowsill	nmod:poss
8	windowsill	windowsill	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 cactus	nmod
9	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 has	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	have	present	My grandma	a cactus		grandma's windowsill			vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent cactus=Patient

Example 4

Some cacti have beautiful flowers.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Some	some	DET	PronType=Ind	2 cacti	det
2	cacti	cactus	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 have	nsubj
3	have	have	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	beautiful	beautiful	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 flowers	amod
5	flowers	flower	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 have	obj
6	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 have	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	have	present	some cacti	beautiful flowers					vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent flower=Patient

Example 5

The cactus stores water in its thick stem.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 cactus	det
2	cactus	cactus	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 stores	nsubj
3	stores	store	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	water	water	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 stores	obj
5	in	in	ADP	_	8 stem	case
6	its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	8 stem	nmod:poss
7	thick	thick	ADJ	Degree=Pos	8 stem	amod
8	stem	stem	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 stores	obl
9	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 stores	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	store	present	the cactus	water		cactus's thick stem			vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent water=Theme in stem=Location
2	stem		cactus						nom stem «communication transitive»: poss=agent

Example 6

Camels can eat some cactus plants.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Camels	camel	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 eat	nsubj
2	can	can	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	3 eat	aux
3	eat	eat	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
4	some	some	DET	PronType=Ind	6 plants	det
5	cactus	cactus	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 plants	compound
6	plants	plant	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 eat	obj
7	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 eat	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	eat	can	Camels	some cactus plants					vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent plant=Patient

Example 7

The tall saguaro cactus grows in Arizona.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 cactus	det
2	tall	tall	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 cactus	amod
3	saguaro	saguaro	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 cactus	compound
4	cactus	cactus	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 grows	nsubj
5	grows	grow	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
6	in	in	ADP	_	7 Arizona	case
7	Arizona	Arizona	PROPN	Number=Sing	5 grows	obl
8	.	.	PUNCT	_	5 grows	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	grow	present	the tall saguaro cactus			Arizona			vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in arizona=Location

Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/C/cactus/