calf Who acts: calf, cow, whale, I, you, farm · What happens: be, lick, call, swim, pull, stretch · To what, where: young cow, young, back part, new calf, baby elephant, muscle · Speech: someone speaks here
«calf» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: calf in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 A calf is a young cow or bull.
det nsubj cop det amod cc conj punct root A DET calf NOUN is AUX a DET young ADJ cow NOUN or CCONJ bull NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 calf det 2 calf calf NOUN Number=Sing 6 cow nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 cow cop 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 6 cow det 5 young young ADJ Degree=Pos 6 cow amod 6 cow cow NOUN Number=Sing root root 7 or or CCONJ _ 8 bull cc 8 bull bull NOUN Number=Sing 6 cow conj 9 . . PUNCT _ 6 cow punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present a calf a young cow or bull tree rules
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 A calf is the young of some other large animals, like elephants, whales, giraffes and deer.
The tree, 16 words det nsubj cop det case det amod amod nmod punct case conj punct conj punct nmod cc conj punct root A DET calf NOUN is AUX the DET young NOUN of ADP some DET other ADJ large ADJ animals NOUN , PUNCT like ADP elephants NOUN , PUNCT whales NOUN , PUNCT giraffes NOUN and CCONJ deer NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 calf det 2 calf calf NOUN Number=Sing 5 young nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 young cop 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 5 young det 5 young young NOUN Number=Sing root root 6 of of ADP _ 10 animals case 7 some some DET PronType=Ind 10 animals det 8 other other ADJ Degree=Pos 10 animals amod 9 large large ADJ Degree=Pos 10 animals amod 10 animals animal NOUN Number=Plur 5 young nmod 11 , , PUNCT _ 13 elephants punct 12 like like ADP _ 13 elephants case 13 elephants elephant NOUN Number=Plur 10 animals conj 14 , , PUNCT _ 15 whales punct 15 whales whale NOUN Number=Plur 13 elephants conj 16 , , PUNCT _ 17 giraffes punct 17 giraffes giraffe NOUN Number=Plur 10 animals nmod 18 and and CCONJ _ 19 deer cc 19 deer deer NOUN Number=Plur 17 giraffes conj 20 . . PUNCT _ 5 young punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present a calf the young of some other large animals giraffes and deer and elephants and whales tree rules
Meaning 3 Your calf is the back part of your leg between the knee and the ankle.
The tree, 15 words nmod:poss nsubj cop det compound case nmod:poss nmod case det nmod cc det conj punct root Your PRON calf NOUN is AUX the DET back NOUN part NOUN of ADP your PRON leg NOUN between ADP the DET knee NOUN and CCONJ the DET ankle NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Your your PRON Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 2 calf nmod:poss 2 calf calf NOUN Number=Sing 6 part nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 part cop 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 6 part det 5 back back NOUN Number=Sing 6 part compound 6 part part NOUN Number=Sing root root 7 of of ADP _ 9 leg case 8 your your PRON Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 9 leg nmod:poss 9 leg leg NOUN Number=Sing 6 part nmod 10 between between ADP _ 12 knee case 11 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 12 knee det 12 knee knee NOUN Number=Sing 9 leg nmod 13 and and CCONJ _ 15 ankle cc 14 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 15 ankle det 15 ankle ankle NOUN Number=Sing 6 part conj 16 . . PUNCT _ 6 part punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present Your calf the back part and the ankle of your leg between the knee tree rules
Example 1 The cow licked her new calf.
det nsubj nmod:poss amod obj punct root The DET cow NOUN licked VERB her PRON new ADJ calf NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 cow det 2 cow cow NOUN Number=Sing 3 licked nsubj 3 licked lick VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 her her PRON Case=Gen Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 6 calf nmod:poss 5 new new ADJ Degree=Pos 6 calf amod 6 calf calf NOUN Number=Sing 3 licked obj 7 . . PUNCT _ 3 licked punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 lick past the cow cow's new calf vn wipe_manner-10.4.1-1 «NP V NP.source»: agent=Agent calf=Source
Example 2 A baby elephant is called a calf.
det compound nsubj:pass aux:pass det xcomp punct root A DET baby NOUN elephant NOUN is AUX called VERB a DET calf NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 3 elephant det 2 baby baby NOUN Number=Sing 3 elephant compound 3 elephant elephant NOUN Number=Sing 5 called nsubj:pass 4 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 called aux:pass 5 called call VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass root root 6 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 7 calf det 7 calf calf NOUN Number=Sing 5 called xcomp 8 . . PUNCT _ 5 called punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 call present · passive a baby elephant vn initiate_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: subject=Recipient
Example 3 The whale and her calf swam together.
det nsubj cc nmod:poss conj advmod punct root The DET whale NOUN and CCONJ her PRON calf NOUN swam VERB together ADV . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 whale det 2 whale whale NOUN Number=Sing 6 swam nsubj 3 and and CCONJ _ 5 calf cc 4 her her PRON Case=Gen Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 5 calf nmod:poss 5 calf calf NOUN Number=Sing 2 whale conj 6 swam swim VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 7 together together ADV _ 6 swam advmod 8 . . PUNCT _ 6 swam punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 swim past the whale and her calf together property vn run-51.3.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
Example 4 I pulled a muscle in my calf.
nsubj det obj case nmod:poss obl punct root I PRON pulled VERB a DET muscle NOUN in ADP my PRON calf NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 I I PRON Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 2 pulled nsubj 2 pulled pull VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 4 muscle det 4 muscle muscle NOUN Number=Sing 2 pulled obj 5 in in ADP _ 7 calf case 6 my my PRON Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 7 calf nmod:poss 7 calf calf NOUN Number=Sing 2 pulled obl 8 . . PUNCT _ 2 pulled punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 pull past I a muscle in my calf vn push-12-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent muscle=Theme
Example 5 Stretch your calves before running.
nmod:poss obj mark advcl punct root Stretch VERB your PRON calves NOUN before SCONJ running VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Stretch stretch VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 2 your your PRON Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 3 calves nmod:poss 3 calves calf NOUN Number=Plur 1 Stretch obj 4 before before SCONJ _ 5 running mark 5 running run VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 1 Stretch advcl 6 . . PUNCT _ 1 Stretch punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 stretch imperative you not said here your calves vn bend-45.2 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent calf=Patient 2 run gerund you not said here vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
Example 6 The farm has twenty calves.
det nsubj nummod obj punct root The DET farm NOUN has VERB twenty NUM calves NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 farm det 2 farm farm NOUN Number=Sing 3 has nsubj 3 has have VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 twenty twenty NUM NumForm=Word NumType=Card 5 calves nummod 5 calves calf NOUN Number=Plur 3 has obj 6 . . PUNCT _ 3 has punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 have present the farm twenty calves vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent calf=Patient
Example 7 I had another calf killed; this one was led away.
nsubj det nsubj ccomp punct det nsubj:pass aux:pass conj advmod punct root I PRON had VERB another DET calf NOUN killed VERB ; PUNCT this DET one NOUN was AUX led VERB away ADV . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 I I PRON Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 2 had nsubj 2 had have VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 another another DET PronType=Ind 4 calf det 4 calf calf NOUN Number=Sing 5 killed nsubj 5 killed kill VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 2 had ccomp 6 ; ; PUNCT _ 10 led punct 7 this this DET Number=Sing PronType=Dem 8 one det 8 one one NOUN Number=Sing 10 led nsubj:pass 9 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 10 led aux:pass 10 led lead VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 2 had conj 11 away away ADV _ 10 led advmod 12 . . PUNCT _ 2 had punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 have past I tree rules 2 kill past another calf vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer 3 lead away past · passive this one away property vn accompany-51.7 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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