candle Who acts: candle, you, power, We, ten candles · What happens: be, light, give, use, make, blow out · To what, where: stick, middle, that, small flame, Candles, wish
«candle» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 9 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: candle in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 A candle is a stick of wax with a string (a wick) in the middle that you light to give a small flame and light.
The tree, 25 words det nsubj cop det case nmod case det nmod punct det appos punct case det nmod obj nsubj parataxis mark xcomp det amod obj cc conj punct root A DET candle NOUN is AUX a DET stick NOUN of ADP wax NOUN with ADP a DET string NOUN ( PUNCT a DET wick NOUN ) PUNCT in ADP the DET middle NOUN that PRON you PRON light VERB to PART give VERB a DET small ADJ flame NOUN and CCONJ light NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 candle det 2 candle candle NOUN Number=Sing 5 stick nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 stick cop 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 stick det 5 stick stick NOUN Number=Sing root root 6 of of ADP _ 7 wax case 7 wax wax NOUN Number=Sing 5 stick nmod 8 with with ADP _ 10 string case 9 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 10 string det 10 string string NOUN Number=Sing 5 stick nmod 11 ( ( PUNCT _ 13 wick punct 12 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 13 wick det 13 wick wick NOUN Number=Sing 10 string appos 14 ) ) PUNCT _ 13 wick punct 15 in in ADP _ 17 middle case 16 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 17 middle det 17 middle middle NOUN Number=Sing 5 stick nmod 18 that that PRON PronType=Rel 20 light obj 19 you you PRON Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs 20 light nsubj 20 light light VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 stick parataxis 21 to to PART _ 22 give mark 22 give give VERB VerbForm=Inf 20 light xcomp 23 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 25 flame det 24 small small ADJ Degree=Pos 25 flame amod 25 flame flame NOUN Number=Sing 22 give obj 26 and and CCONJ _ 27 light cc 27 light light NOUN Number=Sing 25 flame conj 28 . . PUNCT _ 5 stick punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present a candle a stick the middle of wax; with a string tree rules 2 light present you that tree rules 3 give to-infinitive you not said here a small flame and light vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent flame=Theme
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 Candles are used for light when the power is off, for birthday cakes, for celebrations and for nice smells.
The tree, 19 words nsubj:pass aux:pass case obl mark det nsubj cop advcl punct case compound obl punct case obl cc case amod conj punct root Candles NOUN are AUX used VERB for ADP light NOUN when SCONJ the DET power NOUN is AUX off ADV , PUNCT for ADP birthday NOUN cakes NOUN , PUNCT for ADP celebrations NOUN and CCONJ for ADP nice ADJ smells NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Candles candle NOUN Number=Plur 3 used nsubj:pass 2 are be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 3 used aux:pass 3 used use VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass root root 4 for for ADP _ 5 light case 5 light light NOUN Number=Sing 3 used obl 6 when when SCONJ _ 10 off mark 7 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 8 power det 8 power power NOUN Number=Sing 10 off nsubj 9 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 10 off cop 10 off off ADV _ 3 used advcl 11 , , PUNCT _ 14 cakes punct 12 for for ADP _ 14 cakes case 13 birthday birthday NOUN Number=Sing 14 cakes compound 14 cakes cake NOUN Number=Plur 3 used obl 15 , , PUNCT _ 17 celebrations punct 16 for for ADP _ 17 celebrations case 17 celebrations celebration NOUN Number=Plur 3 used obl 18 and and CCONJ _ 21 smells cc 19 for for ADP _ 21 smells case 20 nice nice ADJ Degree=Pos 21 smells amod 21 smells smell NOUN Number=Plur 17 celebrations conj 22 . . PUNCT _ 3 used punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 use present · passive Candles for light; for birthday cakes; for celebrations and nice smells vn use-105.1 «NP V NP PP.predicate»: subject=Theme for light=Eventuality 2 is present the power off property tree rules
Example 1 Make a wish and blow out the candles on your cake!
det obj cc conj compound:prt det obj case nmod:poss obl punct root Make VERB a DET wish NOUN and CCONJ blow VERB out ADP the DET candles NOUN on ADP your PRON cake NOUN ! PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Make make VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 2 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 3 wish det 3 wish wish NOUN Number=Sing 1 Make obj 4 and and CCONJ _ 5 blow cc 5 blow blow VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin 1 Make conj 6 out out ADP _ 5 blow compound:prt 7 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 8 candles det 8 candles candle NOUN Number=Plur 5 blow obj 9 on on ADP _ 11 cake case 10 your your PRON Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 11 cake nmod:poss 11 cake cake NOUN Number=Sing 5 blow obl 12 ! ! PUNCT _ 1 Make punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 make imperative you not said here a wish vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset wish=Product 2 blow out infinitive you not said here the candles your cake vn split-23.2 «NP V NP apart»: agent=Agent candle=Patient
Example 2 We lit candles when the power went off.
nsubj obj advmod det nsubj conj compound:prt punct root We PRON lit VERB candles NOUN when ADV the DET power NOUN went VERB off ADP . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 We we PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs 2 lit nsubj 2 lit light VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 candles candle NOUN Number=Plur 2 lit obj 4 when when ADV PronType=Int 7 went advmod 5 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 6 power det 6 power power NOUN Number=Sing 7 went nsubj 7 went go VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 2 lit conj 8 off off ADP _ 7 went compound:prt 9 . . PUNCT _ 2 lit punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 light past We candles vn preparing-26.3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent candle=Product 2 go off past the power vn occur-48.3-2 «NP V ADV»: agent=Theme
Example 3 Never leave a candle burning in an empty room.
advmod det obj acl case det amod obl punct root Never ADV leave VERB a DET candle NOUN burning VERB in ADP an DET empty ADJ room NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Never never ADV PronType=Neg 2 leave advmod 2 leave leave VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 3 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 4 candle det 4 candle candle NOUN Number=Sing 2 leave obj 5 burning burn VERB VerbForm=Ger 4 candle acl 6 in in ADP _ 9 room case 7 an a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 9 room det 8 empty empty ADJ Degree=Pos 9 room amod 9 room room NOUN Number=Sing 5 burning obl 10 . . PUNCT _ 2 leave punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 not leave imperative you not said here a candle vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent candle=Theme 2 burn gerund a candle not said here a empty room vn light_emission-43.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in room=Location
Example 4 Keep candles away from curtains.
obj advmod case obl punct root Keep VERB candles NOUN away ADV from ADP curtains NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Keep keep VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 2 candles candle NOUN Number=Plur 1 Keep obj 3 away away ADV _ 1 Keep advmod 4 from from ADP _ 5 curtains case 5 curtains curtain NOUN Number=Plur 1 Keep obl 6 . . PUNCT _ 1 Keep punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 keep away imperative you not said here candles curtains away property vn forbid-64.4 «NP V NP PP.theme»: agent=Causer candle=Beneficiary from curtain=Eventuality
Example 5 The candle went out when we put a jar over it.
det nsubj compound:prt advmod nsubj advcl det obj case obl punct root The DET candle NOUN went VERB out ADP when ADV we PRON put VERB a DET jar NOUN over ADP it PRON . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 candle det 2 candle candle NOUN Number=Sing 3 went nsubj 3 went go VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 out out ADP _ 3 went compound:prt 5 when when ADV PronType=Int 7 put advmod 6 we we PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs 7 put nsubj 7 put put VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 3 went advcl 8 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 9 jar det 9 jar jar NOUN Number=Sing 7 put obj 10 over over ADP _ 11 it case 11 it it PRON Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 7 put obl 12 . . PUNCT _ 3 went punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 go out past the candle vn interact-36.6 «NP V»: agent=Agent 2 put past we a jar candle vn put-9.1-2 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent jar=Theme over it=Destination
Example 6 There were ten candles on my birthday cake.
expl nummod nsubj case nmod:poss compound nmod punct root There PRON were VERB ten NUM candles NOUN on ADP my PRON birthday NOUN cake NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 There there PRON PronType=Dem 2 were expl 2 were be VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 ten ten NUM NumForm=Word NumType=Card 4 candles nummod 4 candles candle NOUN Number=Plur 2 were nsubj 5 on on ADP _ 8 cake case 6 my my PRON Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 8 cake nmod:poss 7 birthday birthday NOUN Number=Sing 8 cake compound 8 cake cake NOUN Number=Sing 4 candles nmod 9 . . PUNCT _ 2 were punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 be past ten candles on my birthday cake there vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
Example 7 The wax dripped down the side of the candle.
det acl case det obl case det nmod punct root The DET wax NOUN dripped VERB down ADP the DET side NOUN of ADP the DET candle NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 wax det 2 wax wax NOUN Number=Sing root root 3 dripped drip VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 2 wax acl 4 down down ADP _ 6 side case 5 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 6 side det 6 side side NOUN Number=Sing 3 dripped obl 7 of of ADP _ 9 candle case 8 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 9 candle det 9 candle candle NOUN Number=Sing 6 side nmod 10 . . PUNCT _ 2 wax punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 drip participle the wax not said here the side of the candle vn substance_emission-43.4-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme down side=Location
Example 8 We read a story by candlelight.
nsubj det obj case nmod punct root We PRON read VERB a DET story NOUN by ADP candlelight NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 We we PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs 2 read nsubj 2 read read VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 4 story det 4 story story NOUN Number=Sing 2 read obj 5 by by ADP _ 6 candlelight case 6 candlelight candlelight NOUN Number=Sing 4 story nmod 7 . . PUNCT _ 2 read punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 read past We a story by candlelight vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent story=Topic
Example 9 The candles were now lighted--what brightness!
det nsubj:pass aux:pass advmod punct nsubj obl punct root The DET candles NOUN were AUX now ADV lighted VERB -- PUNCT what PRON brightness NOUN ! PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 candles det 2 candles candle NOUN Number=Plur 5 lighted nsubj:pass 3 were be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 5 lighted aux:pass 4 now now ADV PronType=Dem 5 lighted advmod 5 lighted light VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass root root 6 -- -- PUNCT _ 8 brightness punct 7 what what PRON PronType=Int 8 brightness nsubj 8 brightness brightness NOUN Number=Sing 5 lighted obl 9 ! ! PUNCT _ 5 lighted punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 light past · passive the candles now vn preparing-26.3-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Product 2 brightness tree rules
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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