cane Who acts: cane, people, white cane, thin stick, candy cane, Grandpa · What happens: be, use, help, walk, support, shape · To what, where: stick, people, blind people, long hollow stem, thin stick, garden plants
«cane» in the school dictionary: its 5 meanings for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: cane in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 A cane is a stick that people use to help them walk; a white cane helps blind people.
The tree, 18 words det nsubj cop det obj nsubj acl:relcl mark advcl obj xcomp punct det amod nsubj parataxis amod obj punct root A DET cane NOUN is AUX a DET stick NOUN that PRON people NOUN use VERB to PART help VERB them PRON walk VERB ; PUNCT a DET white ADJ cane NOUN helps VERB blind ADJ people NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 cane det 2 cane cane NOUN Number=Sing 5 stick nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 stick cop 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 stick det 5 stick stick NOUN Number=Sing root root 6 that that PRON PronType=Rel 8 use obj 7 people people NOUN Number=Plur 8 use nsubj 8 use use VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 stick acl:relcl 9 to to PART _ 10 help mark 10 help help VERB VerbForm=Inf 8 use advcl 11 them they PRON Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs 10 help obj 12 walk walk VERB VerbForm=Inf 10 help xcomp 13 ; ; PUNCT _ 17 helps punct 14 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 16 cane det 15 white white ADJ Degree=Pos 16 cane amod 16 cane cane NOUN Number=Sing 17 helps nsubj 17 helps help VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 stick parataxis 18 blind blind ADJ Degree=Pos 19 people amod 19 people people NOUN Number=Plur 17 helps obj 20 . . PUNCT _ 5 stick punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present a cane a stick tree rules 2 use present people a stick vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent that=Patient 3 help to-infinitive people not said here people vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP S_INF»: agent=Agent they=Beneficiary clause=Theme 4 walk infinitive people not said here vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme 5 help present a white cane blind people vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent people=Beneficiary
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 A cane is the long hollow stem of some plants, like bamboo or sugar cane.
The tree, 15 words det nsubj cop det amod amod case det nmod punct case parataxis cc compound conj punct root A DET cane NOUN is AUX the DET long ADJ hollow ADJ stem NOUN of ADP some DET plants NOUN , PUNCT like ADP bamboo NOUN or CCONJ sugar NOUN cane NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 cane det 2 cane cane NOUN Number=Sing 7 stem nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 7 stem cop 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 stem det 5 long long ADJ Degree=Pos 7 stem amod 6 hollow hollow ADJ Degree=Pos 7 stem amod 7 stem stem NOUN Number=Sing root root 8 of of ADP _ 10 plants case 9 some some DET PronType=Ind 10 plants det 10 plants plant NOUN Number=Plur 7 stem nmod 11 , , PUNCT _ 13 bamboo punct 12 like like ADP _ 13 bamboo case 13 bamboo bamboo NOUN Number=Sing 7 stem parataxis 14 or or CCONJ _ 16 cane cc 15 sugar sugar NOUN Number=Sing 16 cane compound 16 cane cane NOUN Number=Sing 13 bamboo conj 17 . . PUNCT _ 7 stem punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present a cane the long hollow stem of some plants tree rules
Meaning 3 A cane is a thin stick for supporting garden plants.
det nsubj cop det amod mark acl compound obj punct root A DET cane NOUN is AUX a DET thin ADJ stick NOUN for SCONJ supporting VERB garden NOUN plants NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 cane det 2 cane cane NOUN Number=Sing 6 stick nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 stick cop 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 6 stick det 5 thin thin ADJ Degree=Pos 6 stick amod 6 stick stick NOUN Number=Sing root root 7 for for SCONJ _ 8 supporting mark 8 supporting support VERB VerbForm=Ger 6 stick acl 9 garden garden NOUN Number=Sing 10 plants compound 10 plants plant NOUN Number=Plur 8 supporting obj 11 . . PUNCT _ 6 stick punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present a cane a thin stick tree rules 2 support gerund a thin stick not said here garden plants vn admire-31.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer plant=Stimulus
Meaning 4 A candy cane is a striped sweet shaped like a walking stick.
det compound nsubj cop det amod acl case det compound obl punct root A DET candy NOUN cane NOUN is AUX a DET striped ADJ sweet NOUN shaped VERB like ADP a DET walking NOUN stick NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 3 cane det 2 candy candy NOUN Number=Sing 3 cane compound 3 cane cane NOUN Number=Sing 7 sweet nsubj 4 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 7 sweet cop 5 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 7 sweet det 6 striped striped ADJ Degree=Pos 7 sweet amod 7 sweet sweet NOUN Number=Sing root root 8 shaped shape VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 7 sweet acl 9 like like ADP _ 12 stick case 10 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 12 stick det 11 walking walking NOUN Number=Sing 12 stick compound 12 stick stick NOUN Number=Sing 8 shaped obl 13 . . PUNCT _ 7 sweet punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present a candy cane a striped sweet tree rules 2 shape participle a striped sweet not said here like a walking stick vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset
Meaning 5 In the past, to cane meant to hit a pupil with a stick as punishment, which is now banned.
The tree, 19 words case det punct mark conj acl mark xcomp det obj case det obl case obl punct nsubj:pass aux:pass advmod acl:relcl punct root In ADP the DET past NOUN , PUNCT to PART cane NOUN meant VERB to PART hit VERB a DET pupil NOUN with ADP a DET stick NOUN as ADP punishment NOUN , PUNCT which PRON is AUX now ADV banned VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 In in ADP _ 3 past case 2 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 past det 3 past past NOUN Number=Sing root root 4 , , PUNCT _ 6 cane punct 5 to to PART _ 6 cane mark 6 cane cane NOUN Number=Sing 3 past conj 7 meant mean VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 6 cane acl 8 to to PART _ 9 hit mark 9 hit hit VERB VerbForm=Inf 7 meant xcomp 10 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 11 pupil det 11 pupil pupil NOUN Number=Sing 9 hit obj 12 with with ADP _ 14 stick case 13 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 14 stick det 14 stick stick NOUN Number=Sing 9 hit obl 15 as as ADP _ 16 punishment case 16 punishment punishment NOUN Number=Sing 9 hit obl 17 , , PUNCT _ 21 banned punct 18 which which PRON PronType=Rel 21 banned nsubj:pass 19 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 21 banned aux:pass 20 now now ADV PronType=Dem 21 banned advmod 21 banned ban VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 16 punishment acl:relcl 22 . . PUNCT _ 3 past punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 mean participle cane not said here vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 2 hit not said to happen to-infinitive a pupil with a stick; as punishment vn hit-18.1-1 «NP V NP PP.instrument»: agent=Agent pupil=Patient with stick=Instrument 3 ban present · passive punishment now vn forbid-64.4-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme
Example 1 Grandpa walks with a cane.
nsubj case det obl punct root Grandpa PROPN walks VERB with ADP a DET cane NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Grandpa Grandpa PROPN Number=Sing 2 walks nsubj 2 walks walk VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 with with ADP _ 5 cane case 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 cane det 5 cane cane NOUN Number=Sing 2 walks obl 6 . . PUNCT _ 2 walks punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 walk present Grandpa with a cane vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
Example 2 A white cane helps a blind person find their way.
det amod nsubj det amod obj xcomp nmod:poss obj punct root A DET white ADJ cane NOUN helps VERB a DET blind ADJ person NOUN find VERB their PRON way NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 3 cane det 2 white white ADJ Degree=Pos 3 cane amod 3 cane cane NOUN Number=Sing 4 helps nsubj 4 helps help VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 5 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 7 person det 6 blind blind ADJ Degree=Pos 7 person amod 7 person person NOUN Number=Sing 4 helps obj 8 find find VERB VerbForm=Inf 4 helps xcomp 9 their their PRON Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 10 way nmod:poss 10 way way NOUN Number=Sing 8 find obj 11 . . PUNCT _ 4 helps punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 help present a white cane a blind person vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP S_INF»: agent=Agent person=Beneficiary clause=Theme 2 find infinitive a blind person not said here their way vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent way=Topic
Example 3 Sugar is made from sugar cane.
nsubj:pass aux:pass case compound obl punct root Sugar NOUN is AUX made VERB from ADP sugar NOUN cane NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Sugar sugar NOUN Number=Sing 3 made nsubj:pass 2 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 3 made aux:pass 3 made make VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass root root 4 from from ADP _ 6 cane case 5 sugar sugar NOUN Number=Sing 6 cane compound 6 cane cane NOUN Number=Sing 3 made obl 7 . . PUNCT _ 3 made punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 make present · passive Sugar sugar cane vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V PP»: subject=Product from cane=Material
Example 4 We hung candy canes on the tree.
nsubj compound obj case det obl punct root We PRON hung VERB candy NOUN canes NOUN on ADP the DET tree NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 We we PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs 2 hung nsubj 2 hung hang VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 candy candy NOUN Number=Sing 4 canes compound 4 canes cane NOUN Number=Plur 2 hung obj 5 on on ADP _ 7 tree case 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 tree det 7 tree tree NOUN Number=Sing 2 hung obl 8 . . PUNCT _ 2 hung punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 hang past We candy canes the tree vn put_spatial-9.2 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent cane=Theme on tree=Destination
Example 5 The tomato plants are tied to bamboo canes.
det compound nsubj:pass aux:pass case compound obl punct root The DET tomato NOUN plants NOUN are AUX tied VERB to ADP bamboo NOUN canes NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 plants det 2 tomato tomato NOUN Number=Sing 3 plants compound 3 plants plant NOUN Number=Plur 5 tied nsubj:pass 4 are be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 tied aux:pass 5 tied tie VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass root root 6 to to ADP _ 8 canes case 7 bamboo bamboo NOUN Number=Sing 8 canes compound 8 canes cane NOUN Number=Plur 5 tied obl 9 . . PUNCT _ 5 tied punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 tie present · passive the tomato plants to bamboo canes vn mix-22.1-2 «NP V NP PP.co-patient»: subject=Patient to cane=Co-Patient
Example 6 Long ago, pupils were punished with a cane, but this is not allowed now.
The tree, 14 words advmod advmod punct nsubj:pass aux:pass case det obl punct cc nsubj:pass aux:pass advmod conj advmod punct root Long ADV ago ADV , PUNCT pupils NOUN were AUX punished VERB with ADP a DET cane NOUN , PUNCT but CCONJ this PRON is AUX not PART allowed VERB now ADV . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Long long ADV Degree=Pos 2 ago advmod 2 ago ago ADV _ 6 punished advmod 3 , , PUNCT _ 2 ago punct 4 pupils pupil NOUN Number=Plur 6 punished nsubj:pass 5 were be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 6 punished aux:pass 6 punished punish VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass root root 7 with with ADP _ 9 cane case 8 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 9 cane det 9 cane cane NOUN Number=Sing 6 punished obl 10 , , PUNCT _ 15 allowed punct 11 but but CCONJ _ 15 allowed cc 12 this this PRON Number=Sing PronType=Dem 15 allowed nsubj:pass 13 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 15 allowed aux:pass 14 not not PART Polarity=Neg 15 allowed advmod 15 allowed allow VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 6 punished conj 16 now now ADV PronType=Dem 15 allowed advmod 17 . . PUNCT _ 6 punished punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 punish past · passive pupils with a cane; ago property vn prosecute-33.2-1 «NP V NP PP.theme PP.attribute»: subject=Patient with cane=Theme 2 not allow present · passive this now vn allow-64.1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Beneficiary
Example 7 Please give way to the man with the cane.
discourse obj case det obl case det nmod punct root Please INTJ give VERB way NOUN to ADP the DET man NOUN with ADP the DET cane NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Please please INTJ _ 2 give discourse 2 give give VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 3 way way NOUN Number=Sing 2 give obj 4 to to ADP _ 6 man case 5 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 6 man det 6 man man NOUN Number=Sing 2 give obl 7 with with ADP _ 9 cane case 8 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 9 cane det 9 cane cane NOUN Number=Sing 6 man nmod 10 . . PUNCT _ 2 give punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 give imperative you not said here way the man with the cane vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP PP.recipient»: agent=Agent way=Theme to man=Recipient
Example 8 Then he took his cane in his hand, and started for home.
advmod nsubj nmod:poss obj case nmod:poss obl punct cc conj case obl punct root Then ADV he PRON took VERB his PRON cane NOUN in ADP his PRON hand NOUN , PUNCT and CCONJ started VERB for ADP home NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Then then ADV PronType=Dem 3 took advmod 2 he he PRON Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 3 took nsubj 3 took take VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 his his PRON Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 5 cane nmod:poss 5 cane cane NOUN Number=Sing 3 took obj 6 in in ADP _ 8 hand case 7 his his PRON Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 8 hand nmod:poss 8 hand hand NOUN Number=Sing 3 took obl 9 , , PUNCT _ 11 started punct 10 and and CCONJ _ 11 started cc 11 started start VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 3 took conj 12 for for ADP _ 13 home case 13 home home NOUN Number=Sing 11 started obl 14 . . PUNCT _ 3 took punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 take past he his cane his hand then vn fit-54.3 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent cane=Value in hand=Location 2 start past he not said here for home vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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