canton Who acts: Cantonese food, Geneva, canton, Union Jack, Rhone, bridge · What happens: divide, come, make up, be, have, speak · To what, where: Switzerland, states, canton, own laws, old name, Cantonese · Speech: someone speaks here
«canton» in the school dictionary: its 4 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: canton in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 One of the states into which Switzerland is divided (26 cantons), each with its own government.
The tree, 16 words case det nmod case obl nsubj:pass aux:pass acl:relcl punct nummod obj punct punct appos case nmod:poss amod nmod punct root One NUM of ADP the DET states NOUN into ADP which PRON Switzerland PROPN is AUX divided VERB ( PUNCT 26 NUM cantons NOUN ) PUNCT , PUNCT each DET with ADP its PRON own ADJ government NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 One one NUM NumForm=Word NumType=Card root root 2 of of ADP _ 4 states case 3 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 4 states det 4 states state NOUN Number=Plur 1 One nmod 5 into into ADP _ 6 which case 6 which which PRON PronType=Rel 9 divided obl 7 Switzerland Switzerland PROPN Number=Sing 9 divided nsubj:pass 8 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 9 divided aux:pass 9 divided divide VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 4 states acl:relcl 10 ( ( PUNCT _ 12 cantons punct 11 26 26 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 12 cantons nummod 12 cantons canton NOUN Number=Plur 9 divided obj 13 ) ) PUNCT _ 12 cantons punct 14 , , PUNCT _ 15 each punct 15 each each DET PronType=Tot 12 cantons appos 16 with with ADP _ 19 government case 17 its its PRON Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 19 government nmod:poss 18 own own ADJ Degree=Pos 19 government amod 19 government government NOUN Number=Sing 15 each nmod 20 . . PUNCT _ 1 One punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 divide present · passive Switzerland the states tree rules
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 A small district of some other countries, such as France or Luxembourg.
det amod case det amod nmod punct case fixed nmod cc conj punct root A DET small ADJ district NOUN of ADP some DET other ADJ countries NOUN , PUNCT such ADJ as ADP France PROPN or CCONJ Luxembourg PROPN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 3 district det 2 small small ADJ Degree=Pos 3 district amod 3 district district NOUN Number=Sing root root 4 of of ADP _ 7 countries case 5 some some DET PronType=Ind 7 countries det 6 other other ADJ Degree=Pos 7 countries amod 7 countries country NOUN Number=Plur 3 district nmod 8 , , PUNCT _ 11 France punct 9 such such ADJ Degree=Pos ExtPos=ADP 11 France case 10 as as ADP _ 9 such fixed 11 France France PROPN Number=Sing 7 countries nmod 12 or or CCONJ _ 13 Luxembourg cc 13 Luxembourg Luxembourg PROPN Number=Sing 11 France conj 14 . . PUNCT _ 3 district punct
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.
Meaning 3 Canton: the old English name for Guangzhou, a big city in southern China; Cantonese food and language come from there.
The tree, 20 words punct det amod amod appos case nmod punct det amod appos case amod nmod punct amod nsubj cc conj parataxis case obl punct root Canton PROPN : PUNCT the DET old ADJ English ADJ name NOUN for ADP Guangzhou PROPN , PUNCT a DET big ADJ city NOUN in ADP southern ADJ China PROPN ; PUNCT Cantonese ADJ food NOUN and CCONJ language NOUN come VERB from ADP there ADV . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Canton Canton PROPN Number=Sing root root 2 : : PUNCT _ 6 name punct 3 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 6 name det 4 old old ADJ Degree=Pos 6 name amod 5 English English ADJ Degree=Pos 6 name amod 6 name name NOUN Number=Sing 1 Canton appos 7 for for ADP _ 8 Guangzhou case 8 Guangzhou Guangzhou PROPN Number=Sing 6 name nmod 9 , , PUNCT _ 12 city punct 10 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 12 city det 11 big big ADJ Degree=Pos 12 city amod 12 city city NOUN Number=Sing 8 Guangzhou appos 13 in in ADP _ 15 China case 14 southern southern ADJ Degree=Pos 15 China amod 15 China China PROPN Number=Sing 12 city nmod 16 ; ; PUNCT _ 18 food punct 17 Cantonese cantonese ADJ Degree=Pos 18 food amod 18 food food NOUN Number=Sing 21 come nsubj 19 and and CCONJ _ 20 language cc 20 language language NOUN Number=Sing 18 food conj 21 come come VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 name parataxis 22 from from ADP _ 23 there case 23 there there ADV PronType=Dem 21 come obl 24 . . PUNCT _ 1 Canton punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 come present Cantonese food and language vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial_location»: agent=Theme from there=Initial_Location
Meaning 4 The top corner of a flag next to the pole (in heraldry and flag design).
The tree, 15 words det amod nsubj case det nmod advmod case det punct case appos cc compound conj punct punct root The DET top ADJ corner NOUN of ADP a DET flag NOUN next ADV to ADP the DET pole NOUN ( PUNCT in ADP heraldry NOUN and CCONJ flag NOUN design NOUN ) PUNCT . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 corner det 2 top top ADJ Degree=Pos 3 corner amod 3 corner corner NOUN Number=Sing 10 pole nsubj 4 of of ADP _ 6 flag case 5 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 6 flag det 6 flag flag NOUN Number=Sing 3 corner nmod 7 next next ADV _ 10 pole advmod 8 to to ADP _ 10 pole case 9 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 10 pole det 10 pole pole NOUN Number=Sing root root 11 ( ( PUNCT _ 13 heraldry punct 12 in in ADP _ 13 heraldry case 13 heraldry heraldry NOUN Number=Sing 10 pole appos 14 and and CCONJ _ 16 design cc 15 flag flag NOUN Number=Sing 16 design compound 16 design design NOUN Number=Sing 13 heraldry conj 17 ) ) PUNCT _ 13 heraldry punct 18 . . PUNCT _ 10 pole punct
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.
Example 1 Switzerland is made up of 26 cantons.
nsubj:pass aux:pass compound:prt case nummod obl punct root Switzerland PROPN is AUX made VERB up ADP of ADP 26 NUM cantons NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Switzerland Switzerland PROPN Number=Sing 3 made nsubj:pass 2 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 3 made aux:pass 3 made make VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass root root 4 up up ADP _ 3 made compound:prt 5 of of ADP _ 7 cantons case 6 26 26 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 7 cantons nummod 7 cantons canton NOUN Number=Plur 3 made obl 8 . . PUNCT _ 3 made punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 make up present · passive Switzerland of 26 cantons vn comprise-107.2-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Pivot
Example 2 Geneva is a canton and also a city.
nsubj cop det cc advmod det conj punct root Geneva NOUN is AUX a DET canton NOUN and CCONJ also ADV a DET city NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Geneva geneva NOUN Number=Sing 4 canton nsubj 2 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 canton cop 3 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 4 canton det 4 canton canton NOUN Number=Sing root root 5 and and CCONJ _ 8 city cc 6 also also ADV _ 8 city advmod 7 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 8 city det 8 city city NOUN Number=Sing 4 canton conj 9 . . PUNCT _ 4 canton punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present Geneva a canton and a city tree rules
Example 3 Each canton has its own laws about schools.
det nsubj nmod:poss amod obj case nmod punct root Each DET canton NOUN has VERB its PRON own ADJ laws NOUN about ADP schools NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Each each DET PronType=Tot 2 canton det 2 canton canton NOUN Number=Sing 3 has nsubj 3 has have VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 its its PRON Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 6 laws nmod:poss 5 own own ADJ Degree=Pos 6 laws amod 6 laws law NOUN Number=Plur 3 has obj 7 about about ADP _ 8 schools case 8 schools school NOUN Number=Plur 6 laws nmod 9 . . PUNCT _ 3 has punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 have present each canton canton's own laws about schools vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent law=Patient
Example 4 Canton is the old name for Guangzhou.
nsubj cop det amod case nmod punct root Canton PROPN is AUX the DET old ADJ name NOUN for ADP Guangzhou PROPN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Canton Canton PROPN Number=Sing 5 name nsubj 2 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 name cop 3 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 5 name det 4 old old ADJ Degree=Pos 5 name amod 5 name name NOUN Number=Sing root root 6 for for ADP _ 7 Guangzhou case 7 Guangzhou Guangzhou PROPN Number=Sing 5 name nmod 8 . . PUNCT _ 5 name punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present Canton the old name for Guangzhou tree rules
Example 5 Cantonese is spoken in Hong Kong.
nsubj:pass aux:pass case obl flat punct root Cantonese NOUN is AUX spoken VERB in ADP Hong PROPN Kong PROPN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Cantonese cantonese NOUN Number=Sing 3 spoken nsubj:pass 2 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 3 spoken aux:pass 3 spoken speak VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass root root 4 in in ADP _ 5 Hong case 5 Hong Hong PROPN Number=Sing 3 spoken obl 6 Kong Kong PROPN Number=Sing 5 Hong flat 7 . . PUNCT _ 3 spoken punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 speak speech: other present · passive Cantonese Hong tree rules
Example 6 The Union Jack is in the canton of the Australian flag.
det compound nsubj cop case det case det amod nmod punct root The DET Union PROPN Jack PROPN is AUX in ADP the DET canton NOUN of ADP the DET Australian ADJ flag NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 Jack det 2 Union Union PROPN Number=Sing 3 Jack compound 3 Jack Jack PROPN Number=Sing 7 canton nsubj 4 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 7 canton cop 5 in in ADP _ 7 canton case 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 canton det 7 canton canton NOUN Number=Sing root root 8 of of ADP _ 11 flag case 9 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 11 flag det 10 Australian Australian ADJ Degree=Pos 11 flag amod 11 flag flag NOUN Number=Sing 7 canton nmod 12 . . PUNCT _ 7 canton punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is present the Union Jack the canton of the Australian flag tree rules
Example 7 These cantons are separated by the Rhone, over which is a bridge that unites them.
The tree, 15 words det nsubj:pass aux:pass case det obl punct case nsubj cop det obl nsubj acl:relcl obj punct root These DET cantons NOUN are AUX separated VERB by ADP the DET Rhone NOUN , PUNCT over ADP which PRON is AUX a DET bridge NOUN that PRON unites VERB them PRON . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 These this DET Number=Plur PronType=Dem 2 cantons det 2 cantons canton NOUN Number=Plur 4 separated nsubj:pass 3 are be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 separated aux:pass 4 separated separate VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass root root 5 by by ADP _ 7 Rhone case 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 Rhone det 7 Rhone rhone NOUN Number=Sing 4 separated obl 8 , , PUNCT _ 13 bridge punct 9 over over ADP _ 13 bridge case 10 which which PRON PronType=Rel 13 bridge nsubj 11 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 13 bridge cop 12 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 13 bridge det 13 bridge bridge NOUN Number=Sing 4 separated obl 14 that that PRON PronType=Rel 15 unites nsubj 15 unites unite VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 13 bridge acl:relcl 16 them they PRON Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs 15 unites obj 17 . . PUNCT _ 4 separated punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 separate present · passive the Rhone this cantons vn separate-23.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent subject=Patient 2 is present a bridge tree rules 3 unite present a bridge cantons = canton vn amalgamate-22.2-2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent they=Patient
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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