capstan

Who acts: sailors, They, capstan, old ship, We · What happens: turn, push, use, raise, sing, walk · To what, where: drum, ship, bars, sailors, capstan, anchor

«capstan» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: capstan in the school dictionary.

Meaning 1

A large, upright, turning drum on a ship or dock, turned by sailors pushing bars, used to wind in heavy ropes or the anchor chain.

The tree, 25 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	2 large	det
2	large	large	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
3	,	,	PUNCT	_	4 upright	punct
4	upright	upright	ADJ	Degree=Pos	2 large	conj
5	,	,	PUNCT	_	6 turning	punct
6	turning	turn	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	2 large	parataxis
7	drum	drum	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 turning	obj
8	on	on	ADP	_	10 ship	case
9	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	10 ship	det
10	ship	ship	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 turning	obl
11	or	or	CCONJ	_	12 dock	cc
12	dock	dock	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 ship	conj
13	,	,	PUNCT	_	14 turned	punct
14	turned	turn	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	10 ship	acl
15	by	by	ADP	_	16 sailors	case
16	sailors	sailor	NOUN	Number=Plur	14 turned	obl
17	pushing	push	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	16 sailors	acl
18	bars	bar	NOUN	Number=Plur	17 pushing	obj
19	,	,	PUNCT	_	20 used	punct
20	used	use	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	16 sailors	acl
21	to	to	PART	_	22 wind	mark
22	wind	wind	NOUN	Number=Sing	20 used	advcl
23	in	in	ADP	_	25 ropes	case
24	heavy	heavy	ADJ	Degree=Pos	25 ropes	amod
25	ropes	rope	NOUN	Number=Plur	22 wind	nmod
26	or	or	CCONJ	_	29 chain	cc
27	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	29 chain	det
28	anchor	anchor	NOUN	Number=Sing	29 chain	compound
29	chain	chain	NOUN	Number=Sing	25 ropes	conj
30	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 large	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	other	roles by
1	turn	gerund		drum	a ship or dock		vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent drum=Theme
2	turn	participle		a ship or dock not said here		by sailors	vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V PP.trajectory»: agent=Theme by sailor=Trajectory
3	push	gerund	sailors not said here	bars			vn carry-11.4-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent bar=Theme
4	use	participle		sailors not said here			vn eat-39.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Meaning 2

A similar turning part on a machine, such as an old tape recorder.

The tree, 13 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	4 part	det
2	similar	similar	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 part	amod
3	turning	turn	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	4 part	amod
4	part	part	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
5	on	on	ADP	_	7 machine	case
6	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	7 machine	det
7	machine	machine	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 part	nmod
8	,	,	PUNCT	_	14 recorder	punct
9	such	such	ADJ	Degree=Pos ExtPos=ADP	14 recorder	case
10	as	as	ADP	_	9 such	fixed
11	an	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	14 recorder	det
12	old	old	ADJ	Degree=Pos	14 recorder	amod
13	tape	tape	NOUN	Number=Sing	14 recorder	compound
14	recorder	recorder	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 part	conj
15	.	.	PUNCT	_	4 part	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	turn	gerund							vn roll-51.3.1 «NP.theme V»: agent=Theme

Example 1

The sailors pushed the capstan to raise the anchor.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 sailors	det
2	sailors	sailor	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 pushed	nsubj
3	pushed	push	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 capstan	det
5	capstan	capstan	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 pushed	obj
6	to	to	PART	_	7 raise	mark
7	raise	raise	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	3 pushed	advcl
8	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	9 anchor	det
9	anchor	anchor	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 raise	obj
10	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 pushed	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	push	past	the sailors	the capstan					vn carry-11.4-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent capstan=Theme
2	raise	to-infinitive	the sailors not said here	the anchor					vn put_direction-9.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent anchor=Theme

Example 2

They sang a shanty as they walked round the capstan.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	They	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 sang	nsubj
2	sang	sing	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	4 shanty	det
4	shanty	shanty	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 sang	obj
5	as	as	SCONJ	_	7 walked	mark
6	they	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	7 walked	nsubj
7	walked	walk	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	2 sang	advcl
8	round	round	ADP	_	10 capstan	case
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 capstan	det
10	capstan	capstan	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 walked	obl
11	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 sang	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	sing speech: express	past	They	a shanty					vn sound_emission-43.2 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location shanty=Theme
2	walk	past	they			the capstan			vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme round capstan=Trajectory

Example 3

The heavy rope was wound around the capstan.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 rope	det
2	heavy	heavy	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 rope	amod
3	rope	rope	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 wound	nsubj:pass
4	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	5 wound	aux:pass
5	wound	woun	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
6	around	around	ADP	_	8 capstan	case
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 capstan	det
8	capstan	capstan	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 wound	obl
9	.	.	PUNCT	_	5 wound	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	woun	past · passive		the heavy rope		the capstan			tree rules

Example 4

A capstan uses a lever to make pulling easier.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	2 capstan	det
2	capstan	capstan	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 uses	nsubj
3	uses	use	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	5 lever	det
5	lever	lever	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 uses	obj
6	to	to	PART	_	7 make	mark
7	make	make	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	3 uses	advcl
8	pulling	pull	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	7 make	obj
9	easier	easy	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	7 make	xcomp
10	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 uses	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	use	present	a capstan	a lever		vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent lever=Patient
2	make	to-infinitive	a capstan not said here		easy property	vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset
3	pull	gerund				vn slide-11.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme

Example 5

The old ship had a wooden capstan on deck.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 ship	det
2	old	old	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 ship	amod
3	ship	ship	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 had	nsubj
4	had	have	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
5	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	7 capstan	det
6	wooden	wooden	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 capstan	amod
7	capstan	capstan	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 had	obj
8	on	on	ADP	_	9 deck	case
9	deck	deck	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 had	obl
10	.	.	PUNCT	_	4 had	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	have	past	the old ship	a wooden capstan		deck			vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent capstan=Patient

Example 6

We saw a capstan at the harbour museum.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	We	we	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs	2 saw	nsubj
2	saw	see	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	4 capstan	det
4	capstan	capstan	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 saw	obj
5	at	at	ADP	_	8 museum	case
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 museum	det
7	harbour	harbour	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 museum	compound
8	museum	museum	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 saw	obl
9	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 saw	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	see	past	We	a capstan		the harbour museum			vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer capstan=Stimulus

Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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