carp Who acts: carp, large freshwater fish, goldfish, He, We, Grandad · What happens: be, live, complain, disapprove, carp, see · To what, where: large freshwater fish, lakes, kinds, big orange carp, pond, carp · Speech: someone speaks here
«carp» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: carp in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 A carp is a large freshwater fish that lives in lakes, ponds and slow rivers; goldfish and koi are kinds of carp.
The tree, 22 words det nsubj cop det amod compound nsubj acl:relcl case obl punct conj cc amod conj punct nsubj cc conj cop conj case nmod punct root A DET carp NOUN is AUX a DET large ADJ freshwater NOUN fish NOUN that PRON lives VERB in ADP lakes NOUN , PUNCT ponds NOUN and CCONJ slow ADJ rivers NOUN ; PUNCT goldfish NOUN and CCONJ koi NOUN are AUX kinds NOUN of ADP carp NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 carp det 2 carp carp NOUN Number=Sing 7 fish nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 7 fish cop 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 7 fish det 5 large large ADJ Degree=Pos 7 fish amod 6 freshwater freshwater NOUN Number=Sing 7 fish compound 7 fish fish NOUN Number=Plur root root 8 that that PRON PronType=Rel 9 lives nsubj 9 lives live VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 7 fish acl:relcl 10 in in ADP _ 11 lakes case 11 lakes lake NOUN Number=Plur 9 lives obl 12 , , PUNCT _ 13 ponds punct 13 ponds pond NOUN Number=Plur 11 lakes conj 14 and and CCONJ _ 16 rivers cc 15 slow slow ADJ Degree=Pos 16 rivers amod 16 rivers river NOUN Number=Plur 11 lakes conj 17 ; ; PUNCT _ 22 kinds punct 18 goldfish goldfish NOUN Number=Plur 22 kinds nsubj 19 and and CCONJ _ 20 koi cc 20 koi koi NOUN Number=Sing 18 goldfish conj 21 are be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 22 kinds cop 22 kinds kind NOUN Number=Plur 7 fish conj 23 of of ADP _ 24 carp case 24 carp carp NOUN Number=Sing 22 kinds nmod 25 . . PUNCT _ 7 fish punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present a carp a large freshwater fish and kinds tree rules 2 live present a large freshwater fish and kinds lakes and ponds and slow rivers vn lodge-46 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in lake=Location 3 is a present goldfish and koi kinds of carp tree rules
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 To carp is to keep complaining about small, unimportant things (informal, disapproving): «He's always carping about the food».
The tree, 19 words mark advcl cop mark xcomp case amod punct amod obl punct amod punct advcl punct punct punct nsubj aux advmod advcl case det obl punct punct root To PART carp NOUN is AUX to PART keep VERB complaining VERB about ADP small ADJ , PUNCT unimportant ADJ things NOUN ( PUNCT informal ADJ , PUNCT disapproving VERB ) PUNCT : PUNCT « PUNCT He PRON 's AUX always ADV carping VERB about ADP the DET food NOUN » PUNCT . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 To to PART _ 2 carp mark 2 carp carp NOUN Number=Sing 5 keep advcl 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 keep cop 4 to to PART _ 5 keep mark 5 keep keep VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 6 complaining complain VERB VerbForm=Ger 5 keep xcomp 7 about about ADP _ 11 things case 8 small small ADJ Degree=Pos 11 things amod 9 , , PUNCT _ 8 small punct 10 unimportant unimportant ADJ Degree=Pos 11 things amod 11 things thing NOUN Number=Plur 6 complaining obl 12 ( ( PUNCT _ 13 informal punct 13 informal informal ADJ Degree=Pos 11 things amod 14 , , PUNCT _ 15 disapproving punct 15 disapproving disapprove VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 13 informal advcl 16 ) ) PUNCT _ 15 disapproving punct 17 : : PUNCT _ 22 carping punct 18 « « PUNCT _ 22 carping punct 19 He he PRON Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 22 carping nsubj 20 's be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 22 carping aux 21 always always ADV PronType=Tot 22 carping advmod 22 carping carp VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 5 keep advcl 23 about about ADP _ 25 food case 24 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 25 food det 25 food food NOUN Number=Sing 22 carping obl 26 » » PUNCT _ 22 carping punct 27 . . PUNCT _ 5 keep punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is present keep property tree rules 2 complain speech: other gerund about small unimportant things vn complain-37.8 «NP V PP.topic»: agent=Agent about thing=Topic 3 disapprove gerund vn marvel-31.3 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer 4 carp in a quote present · progressive He about the food; always property tree rules
Example 1 We saw big orange carp in the pond.
nsubj amod amod obj case det nmod punct root We PRON saw VERB big ADJ orange ADJ carp NOUN in ADP the DET pond NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 We we PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs 2 saw nsubj 2 saw see VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 big big ADJ Degree=Pos 5 carp amod 4 orange orange ADJ Degree=Pos 5 carp amod 5 carp carp NOUN Number=Sing 2 saw obj 6 in in ADP _ 8 pond case 7 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 8 pond det 8 pond pond NOUN Number=Sing 5 carp nmod 9 . . PUNCT _ 2 saw punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 see past We big orange carp the pond vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer carp=Stimulus
Example 2 Grandad caught a carp in the lake.
nsubj det obj case det nmod punct root Grandad PROPN caught VERB a DET carp NOUN in ADP the DET lake NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Grandad Grandad PROPN Number=Sing 2 caught nsubj 2 caught catch VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 4 carp det 4 carp carp NOUN Number=Sing 2 caught obj 5 in in ADP _ 7 lake case 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 lake det 7 lake lake NOUN Number=Sing 4 carp nmod 8 . . PUNCT _ 2 caught punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 catch past Grandad a carp the lake vn get-13.5.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent carp=Theme
Example 3 Koi are a kind of carp.
nsubj cop det case nmod punct root Koi NOUN are AUX a DET kind NOUN of ADP carp NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Koi koi NOUN Number=Sing 4 kind nsubj 2 are be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 kind cop 3 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 4 kind det 4 kind kind NOUN Number=Sing root root 5 of of ADP _ 6 carp case 6 carp carp NOUN Number=Sing 4 kind nmod 7 . . PUNCT _ 4 kind punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present Koi a kind of carp tree rules
Example 4 In Australia, carp are a pest in the rivers.
case obl punct nsubj cop det case det nmod punct root In ADP Australia PROPN , PUNCT carp NOUN are AUX a DET pest NOUN in ADP the DET rivers NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 In in ADP _ 2 Australia case 2 Australia Australia PROPN Number=Sing 4 carp obl 3 , , PUNCT _ 2 Australia punct 4 carp carp NOUN Number=Sing 7 pest nsubj 5 are be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 7 pest cop 6 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 7 pest det 7 pest pest NOUN Number=Sing root root 8 in in ADP _ 10 rivers case 9 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 10 rivers det 10 rivers river NOUN Number=Plur 7 pest nmod 11 . . PUNCT _ 7 pest punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present carp a pest the rivers tree rules
Example 5 Stop carping about the weather!
xcomp case det obl punct root Stop VERB carping VERB about ADP the DET weather NOUN ! PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Stop stop VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 2 carping carp VERB VerbForm=Ger 1 Stop xcomp 3 about about ADP _ 5 weather case 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 5 weather det 5 weather weather NOUN Number=Sing 2 carping obl 6 ! ! PUNCT _ 1 Stop punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 stop imperative you not said here vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Affector clause=Eventuality 2 carp gerund you not said here about the weather tree rules
Example 6 He carped on about the noise all day.
nsubj compound:prt case det obl det obl:unmarked punct root He PRON carped VERB on ADP about ADP the DET noise NOUN all DET day NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 He he PRON Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 2 carped nsubj 2 carped carp VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 on on ADP _ 2 carped compound:prt 4 about about ADP _ 6 noise case 5 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 6 noise det 6 noise noise NOUN Number=Sing 2 carped obl 7 all all DET PronType=Tot 8 day det 8 day day NOUN Number=Sing 2 carped obl:unmarked 9 . . PUNCT _ 2 carped punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 carp on past He day about the noise tree rules
Example 7 Fat carps stared at the glass wall with stupid eyes.
nsubj xcomp case det compound obl case amod nmod punct root Fat NOUN carps VERB stared VERB at ADP the DET glass NOUN wall NOUN with ADP stupid ADJ eyes NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Fat fat NOUN Number=Sing 2 carps nsubj 2 carps carp VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 stared stare VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 2 carps xcomp 4 at at ADP _ 7 wall case 5 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 wall det 6 glass glass NOUN Number=Sing 7 wall compound 7 wall wall NOUN Number=Sing 3 stared obl 8 with with ADP _ 10 eyes case 9 stupid stupid ADJ Degree=Pos 10 eyes amod 10 eyes eye NOUN Number=Plur 7 wall nmod 11 . . PUNCT _ 2 carps punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 carp present Fat tree rules 2 stare participle Fat not said here at the glass wall with stupid eyes vn peer-30.3 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent at wall=Theme
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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