catastrophe Who acts: sudden terrible event, flood, Scientists, dam, volcano eruption, science fair project · What happens: cause, go, be, warn, fail, project · To what, where: great damage, catastrophe, total catastrophe, tickets · Speech: someone speaks here
«catastrophe» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: catastrophe in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 A sudden terrible event that causes great damage or suffering, like an earthquake or flood.
The tree, 15 words det amod amod nsubj acl:relcl amod obj cc conj punct case det conj cc conj punct root A DET sudden ADJ terrible ADJ event NOUN that PRON causes VERB great ADJ damage NOUN or CCONJ suffering NOUN , PUNCT like ADP an DET earthquake NOUN or CCONJ flood NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 4 event det 2 sudden sudden ADJ Degree=Pos 4 event amod 3 terrible terrible ADJ Degree=Pos 4 event amod 4 event event NOUN Number=Sing root root 5 that that PRON PronType=Rel 6 causes nsubj 6 causes cause VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 event acl:relcl 7 great great ADJ Degree=Pos 8 damage amod 8 damage damage NOUN Number=Sing 6 causes obj 9 or or CCONJ _ 10 suffering cc 10 suffering suffering NOUN Number=Sing 8 damage conj 11 , , PUNCT _ 14 earthquake punct 12 like like ADP _ 14 earthquake case 13 an a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 14 earthquake det 14 earthquake earthquake NOUN Number=Sing 8 damage conj 15 or or CCONJ _ 16 flood cc 16 flood flood NOUN Number=Sing 14 earthquake conj 17 . . PUNCT _ 4 event punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 cause present a sudden terrible event great damage or suffering and a earthquake or flood vn engender-27.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Precondition damage=Patient
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 Usage: informal — kept apart, not parsed.
Something that goes very badly wrong.
nsubj acl:relcl advmod advmod xcomp punct root Something PRON that PRON goes VERB very ADV badly ADV wrong ADJ . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Something something PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind root root 2 that that PRON PronType=Rel 3 goes nsubj 3 goes go VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 1 Something acl:relcl 4 very very ADV _ 5 badly advmod 5 badly badly ADV Degree=Pos 3 goes advmod 6 wrong wrong ADJ Degree=Pos 3 goes xcomp 7 . . PUNCT _ 1 Something punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 go present badly, wrong property vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
Example 1 The flood was a catastrophe for the town.
det nsubj cop det case det nmod punct root The DET flood NOUN was AUX a DET catastrophe NOUN for ADP the DET town NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 flood det 2 flood flood NOUN Number=Sing 5 catastrophe nsubj 3 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 5 catastrophe cop 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 catastrophe det 5 catastrophe catastrophe NOUN Number=Sing root root 6 for for ADP _ 8 town case 7 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 8 town det 8 town town NOUN Number=Sing 5 catastrophe nmod 9 . . PUNCT _ 5 catastrophe punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a past the flood a catastrophe for the town tree rules
Example 2 Scientists warn that the dam could fail and cause a catastrophe.
nsubj mark det nsubj aux ccomp cc conj det obj punct root Scientists NOUN warn VERB that SCONJ the DET dam NOUN could AUX fail VERB and CCONJ cause VERB a DET catastrophe NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Scientists scientist NOUN Number=Plur 2 warn nsubj 2 warn warn VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 that that SCONJ _ 7 fail mark 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 5 dam det 5 dam dam NOUN Number=Sing 7 fail nsubj 6 could could AUX VerbForm=Fin 7 fail aux 7 fail fail VERB VerbForm=Inf 2 warn ccomp 8 and and CCONJ _ 9 cause cc 9 cause cause VERB VerbForm=Inf 7 fail conj 10 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 11 catastrophe det 11 catastrophe catastrophe NOUN Number=Sing 9 cause obj 12 . . PUNCT _ 2 warn punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 warn speech: warn present Scientists vn advise-37.9-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 2 fail could the dam vn succeed-74-3-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent 3 cause infinitive the dam not said here a catastrophe vn engender-27.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Precondition catastrophe=Patient
Example 3 The volcano eruption was a catastrophe for Pompeii.
det compound nsubj cop det case nmod punct root The DET volcano NOUN eruption NOUN was AUX a DET catastrophe NOUN for ADP Pompeii PROPN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 eruption det 2 volcano volcano NOUN Number=Sing 3 eruption compound 3 eruption eruption NOUN Number=Sing 6 catastrophe nsubj 4 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 6 catastrophe cop 5 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 6 catastrophe det 6 catastrophe catastrophe NOUN Number=Sing root root 7 for for ADP _ 8 Pompeii case 8 Pompeii Pompeii PROPN Number=Sing 6 catastrophe nmod 9 . . PUNCT _ 6 catastrophe punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a past the volcano eruption a catastrophe for Pompeii tree rules
Example 4 Our science fair project was a total catastrophe.
nmod:poss compound amod nsubj cop det amod punct root Our PRON science NOUN fair ADJ project NOUN was AUX a DET total ADJ catastrophe NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Our our PRON Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 4 project nmod:poss 2 science science NOUN Number=Sing 4 project compound 3 fair fair ADJ Degree=Pos 4 project amod 4 project project NOUN Number=Sing 8 catastrophe nsubj 5 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 8 catastrophe cop 6 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 8 catastrophe det 7 total total ADJ Degree=Pos 8 catastrophe amod 8 catastrophe catastrophe NOUN Number=Sing root root 9 . . PUNCT _ 8 catastrophe punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a past Our science fair project a total catastrophe tree rules 2 project Our nom project «act transitive»: poss=agent
Example 5 Quick action prevented a catastrophe.
amod nsubj det obj punct root Quick ADJ action NOUN prevented VERB a DET catastrophe NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Quick quick ADJ Degree=Pos 2 action amod 2 action action NOUN Number=Sing 3 prevented nsubj 3 prevented prevent VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 catastrophe det 5 catastrophe catastrophe NOUN Number=Sing 3 prevented obj 6 . . PUNCT _ 3 prevented punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 prevent past Quick action a catastrophe vn forbid-64.4-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Causer catastrophe=Theme
Example 6 Forgetting the tickets would be a catastrophe!
csubj det obj aux cop det punct root Forgetting VERB the DET tickets NOUN would AUX be AUX a DET catastrophe NOUN ! PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Forgetting forget VERB VerbForm=Ger 7 catastrophe csubj 2 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 tickets det 3 tickets ticket NOUN Number=Plur 1 Forgetting obj 4 would would AUX VerbForm=Fin 7 catastrophe aux 5 be be AUX VerbForm=Inf 7 catastrophe cop 6 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 7 catastrophe det 7 catastrophe catastrophe NOUN Number=Sing root root 8 ! ! PUNCT _ 7 catastrophe punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 forget gerund the tickets tree rules 2 is a would Forgetting a catastrophe tree rules
Example 7 Such a catastrophe nearly happened to the young Englishman.
det:predet det nsubj advmod case det amod obl punct root Such DET a DET catastrophe NOUN nearly ADV happened VERB to ADP the DET young ADJ Englishman PROPN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Such such DET PronType=Ind 3 catastrophe det:predet 2 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 3 catastrophe det 3 catastrophe catastrophe NOUN Number=Sing 5 happened nsubj 4 nearly nearly ADV _ 5 happened advmod 5 happened happen VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 6 to to ADP _ 9 Englishman case 7 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 9 Englishman det 8 young young ADJ Degree=Pos 9 Englishman amod 9 Englishman Englishman PROPN Number=Sing 5 happened obl 10 . . PUNCT _ 5 happened punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 happen past such catastrophe to the young Englishman; nearly property vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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