cattle Who acts: Cattle, word, herd, farmer, Dairy cattle, ranch · What happens: be, keep, mean, use, herd together, graze · To what, where: large farm animals, whole group, Cattle, other animals, field, road · Speech: someone speaks here
«cattle» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 9 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: cattle in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 Cattle are large farm animals such as cows, bulls and steers, kept for milk, meat or leather.
The tree, 17 words nsubj cop amod compound case fixed nmod punct conj cc conj punct conj case obl punct conj cc conj punct root Cattle NOUN are AUX large ADJ farm NOUN animals NOUN such ADJ as ADP cows NOUN , PUNCT bulls NOUN and CCONJ steers NOUN , PUNCT kept VERB for ADP milk NOUN , PUNCT meat NOUN or CCONJ leather NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Cattle cattle NOUN Number=Plur 5 animals nsubj 2 are be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 animals cop 3 large large ADJ Degree=Pos 5 animals amod 4 farm farm NOUN Number=Sing 5 animals compound 5 animals animal NOUN Number=Plur root root 6 such such ADJ Degree=Pos ExtPos=ADP 8 cows case 7 as as ADP _ 6 such fixed 8 cows cow NOUN Number=Plur 5 animals nmod 9 , , PUNCT _ 10 bulls punct 10 bulls bull NOUN Number=Plur 8 cows conj 11 and and CCONJ _ 12 steers cc 12 steers steer NOUN Number=Plur 8 cows conj 13 , , PUNCT _ 14 kept punct 14 kept keep VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 5 animals conj 15 for for ADP _ 16 milk case 16 milk milk NOUN Number=Sing 14 kept obl 17 , , PUNCT _ 18 meat punct 18 meat meat NOUN Number=Sing 16 milk conj 19 or or CCONJ _ 20 leather cc 20 leather leather NOUN Number=Sing 16 milk conj 21 . . PUNCT _ 5 animals punct
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1 is a present Cattle large farm animals such cows and bulls and steers tree rules 2 keep participle Cattle not said here for milk and meat or leather vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 The word means the whole group of these animals on a farm or ranch.
The tree, 14 words det nsubj det amod obj case det nmod case det nmod cc conj punct root The DET word NOUN means VERB the DET whole ADJ group NOUN of ADP these DET animals NOUN on ADP a DET farm NOUN or CCONJ ranch NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 word det 2 word word NOUN Number=Sing 3 means nsubj 3 means mean VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 6 group det 5 whole whole ADJ Degree=Pos 6 group amod 6 group group NOUN Number=Sing 3 means obj 7 of of ADP _ 9 animals case 8 these this DET Number=Plur PronType=Dem 9 animals det 9 animals animal NOUN Number=Plur 6 group nmod 10 on on ADP _ 12 farm case 11 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 12 farm det 12 farm farm NOUN Number=Sing 9 animals nmod 13 or or CCONJ _ 14 ranch cc 14 ranch ranch NOUN Number=Sing 12 farm conj 15 . . PUNCT _ 3 means punct
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1 mean present the word the whole group of this animals on a farm or ranch vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent group=Topic
Meaning 3 Cattle can also be used playfully for other animals kept or herded together, such as sea creatures.
The tree, 17 words nsubj:pass aux advmod aux:pass advmod case amod obl acl cc conj advmod punct case fixed compound conj punct root Cattle NOUN can AUX also ADV be AUX used VERB playfully ADV for ADP other ADJ animals NOUN kept VERB or CCONJ herded VERB together ADV , PUNCT such ADJ as ADP sea NOUN creatures NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Cattle cattle NOUN Number=Sing 5 used nsubj:pass 2 can can AUX VerbForm=Fin 5 used aux 3 also also ADV _ 5 used advmod 4 be be AUX VerbForm=Inf 5 used aux:pass 5 used use VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass root root 6 playfully playfully ADV _ 5 used advmod 7 for for ADP _ 9 animals case 8 other other ADJ Degree=Pos 9 animals amod 9 animals animal NOUN Number=Plur 5 used obl 10 kept keep VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 9 animals acl 11 or or CCONJ _ 12 herded cc 12 herded herd VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 10 kept conj 13 together together ADV _ 12 herded advmod 14 , , PUNCT _ 18 creatures punct 15 such such ADJ Degree=Pos ExtPos=ADP 18 creatures case 16 as as ADP _ 15 such fixed 17 sea sea NOUN Number=Sing 18 creatures compound 18 creatures creature NOUN Number=Plur 9 animals conj 19 . . PUNCT _ 5 used punct
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1 use can · passive Cattle for other animals and sea creatures; playfully property vn use-105.1 «NP V NP PP.predicate»: subject=Theme for animal=Eventuality 2 keep participle other animals and sea creatures not said here vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent 3 herd together participle together property vn shake-22.3-2 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Patient
Example 1 The cattle were grazing in the field.
det nsubj aux case det obl punct root The DET cattle NOUN were AUX grazing VERB in ADP the DET field NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 cattle det 2 cattle cattle NOUN Number=Plur 4 grazing nsubj 3 were be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 4 grazing aux 4 grazing graze VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part root root 5 in in ADP _ 7 field case 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 field det 7 field field NOUN Number=Sing 4 grazing obl 8 . . PUNCT _ 4 grazing punct
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1 graze past · progressive the cattle the field vn dine-39.5 «NP V»: agent=Agent
Example 2 A herd of cattle crossed the road slowly.
det nsubj case nmod det obj advmod punct root A DET herd NOUN of ADP cattle NOUN crossed VERB the DET road NOUN slowly ADV . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 herd det 2 herd herd NOUN Number=Sing 5 crossed nsubj 3 of of ADP _ 4 cattle case 4 cattle cattle NOUN Number=Plur 2 herd nmod 5 crossed cross VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 road det 7 road road NOUN Number=Sing 5 crossed obj 8 slowly slowly ADV _ 5 crossed advmod 9 . . PUNCT _ 5 crossed punct
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1 cross past a herd of cattle the road slowly property vn crane-40.3.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent road=Patient
Example 3 The farmer has three hundred cattle.
det nsubj compound nummod obj punct root The DET farmer NOUN has VERB three NUM hundred NUM cattle NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 farmer det 2 farmer farmer NOUN Number=Sing 3 has nsubj 3 has have VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 three three NUM NumForm=Word NumType=Card 5 hundred compound 5 hundred hundred NUM NumForm=Word NumType=Card 6 cattle nummod 6 cattle cattle NOUN Number=Plur 3 has obj 7 . . PUNCT _ 3 has punct
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1 have present the farmer hundred cattle vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent cattle=Patient
Example 4 Dairy cattle give us milk.
compound nsubj iobj obj punct root Dairy NOUN cattle NOUN give VERB us PRON milk NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Dairy dairy NOUN Number=Sing 2 cattle compound 2 cattle cattle NOUN Number=Plur 3 give nsubj 3 give give VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 us we PRON Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs 3 give iobj 5 milk milk NOUN Number=Sing 3 give obj 6 . . PUNCT _ 3 give punct
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1 give present Dairy cattle milk us vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP-Dative NP»: agent=Agent we=Recipient milk=Theme
Example 5 Cattle chew the cud for hours each day.
nsubj det obj case obl det obl:unmarked punct root Cattle NOUN chew VERB the DET cud NOUN for ADP hours NOUN each DET day NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Cattle cattle NOUN Number=Plur 2 chew nsubj 2 chew chew VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 4 cud det 4 cud cud NOUN Number=Sing 2 chew obj 5 for for ADP _ 6 hours case 6 hours hour NOUN Number=Plur 2 chew obl 7 each each DET PronType=Tot 8 day det 8 day day NOUN Number=Sing 2 chew obl:unmarked 9 . . PUNCT _ 2 chew punct
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1 chew present Cattle the cud day; hour vn chew-39.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent cud=Patient
Example 6 The ranch sends its cattle to market in the autumn.
det nsubj nmod:poss obj mark xcomp case det nmod punct root The DET ranch NOUN sends VERB its PRON cattle NOUN to PART market NOUN in ADP the DET autumn NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 ranch det 2 ranch ranch NOUN Number=Sing 3 sends nsubj 3 sends send VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 its its PRON Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 5 cattle nmod:poss 5 cattle cattle NOUN Number=Sing 3 sends obj 6 to to PART _ 7 market mark 7 market market NOUN Number=Sing 3 sends xcomp 8 in in ADP _ 10 autumn case 9 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 10 autumn det 10 autumn autumn NOUN Number=Sing 7 market nmod 11 . . PUNCT _ 3 sends punct
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1 send present the ranch ranch's cattle vn confine-92-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent cattle=Theme
Example 7 Drive slowly over the cattle grid.
advmod case det compound obl punct root Drive VERB slowly ADV over ADP the DET cattle NOUN grid NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Drive drive VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 2 slowly slowly ADV _ 1 Drive advmod 3 over over ADP _ 6 grid case 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 6 grid det 5 cattle cattle NOUN Number=Plur 6 grid compound 6 grid grid NOUN Number=Sing 1 Drive obl 7 . . PUNCT _ 1 Drive punct
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1 drive imperative you not said here the cattle grid slowly property vn nonvehicle-51.4.2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent over grid=Trajectory
Example 8 The dog helped round up the cattle.
det nsubj advmod case det obl punct root The DET dog NOUN helped VERB round ADV up ADP the DET cattle NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 dog det 2 dog dog NOUN Number=Sing 3 helped nsubj 3 helped help VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 round round ADV _ 3 helped advmod 5 up up ADP _ 7 cattle case 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 cattle det 7 cattle cattle NOUN Number=Plur 3 helped obl 8 . . PUNCT _ 3 helped punct
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1 help past the dog up the cattle; round property vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent
Example 9 "These beasts are sea-cattle," replied Little Claus.
punct det nsubj cop compound punct nsubj punct punct amod obj punct root " PUNCT These DET beasts NOUN are AUX sea NOUN - PUNCT cattle NOUN , PUNCT " PUNCT replied VERB Little ADJ Claus PROPN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 " " PUNCT _ 7 cattle punct 2 These this DET Number=Plur PronType=Dem 3 beasts det 3 beasts beast NOUN Number=Plur 7 cattle nsubj 4 are be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 7 cattle cop 5 sea sea NOUN Number=Sing 7 cattle compound 6 - - PUNCT _ 5 sea punct 7 cattle cattle NOUN Number=Sing 10 replied nsubj 8 , , PUNCT _ 7 cattle punct 9 " " PUNCT _ 7 cattle punct 10 replied reply VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 11 Little Little ADJ Degree=Pos 12 Claus amod 12 Claus Claus PROPN Number=Sing 10 replied obj 13 . . PUNCT _ 10 replied punct
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1 is a in a quote present this beasts sea cattle tree rules 2 reply speech: assert past sea cattle Little Claus vn say-37.7-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent claus=Topic
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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