chat Who acts: chat, We, Mum, Grandma, you, someone · What happens: chat, mean, talk, be, have, love · To what, where: friendly relaxed way, friendly informal talk, writing messages, lunchtime, long chat, chat · Speech: someone speaks here
«chat» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 9 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: chat in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 To chat means to talk in a friendly, relaxed way.
mark csubj mark ccomp case det amod punct amod obl punct root To PART chat VERB means VERB to PART talk VERB in ADP a DET friendly ADJ , PUNCT relaxed ADJ way NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 To to PART _ 2 chat mark 2 chat chat VERB VerbForm=Inf 3 means csubj 3 means mean VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 to to PART _ 5 talk mark 5 talk talk VERB VerbForm=Inf 3 means ccomp 6 in in ADP _ 11 way case 7 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 11 way det 8 friendly friendly ADJ Degree=Pos 11 way amod 9 , , PUNCT _ 8 friendly punct 10 relaxed relaxed ADJ Degree=Pos 11 way amod 11 way way NOUN Number=Sing 5 talk obl 12 . . PUNCT _ 3 means punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 chat speech: other to-infinitive vn chit_chat-37.6 «NP V»: agent=Agent 2 mean present vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 3 talk not said to happen to-infinitive a friendly relaxed way vn talk-37.5 «NP V»: agent=Agent
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 A chat is a friendly, informal talk.
det nsubj cop det amod punct amod punct root A DET chat NOUN is AUX a DET friendly ADJ , PUNCT informal ADJ talk NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 chat det 2 chat chat NOUN Number=Sing 8 talk nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 8 talk cop 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 8 talk det 5 friendly friendly ADJ Degree=Pos 8 talk amod 6 , , PUNCT _ 5 friendly punct 7 informal informal ADJ Degree=Pos 8 talk amod 8 talk talk NOUN Number=Sing root root 9 . . PUNCT _ 8 talk punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present a chat a friendly informal talk tree rules
Meaning 3 A chat is also writing messages to each other online, in an app or game, in real time.
The tree, 18 words det nsubj cop advmod compound case appos fixed advmod punct case det parataxis cc conj punct case amod conj punct root A DET chat NOUN is AUX also ADV writing NOUN messages NOUN to ADP each DET other ADJ online ADV , PUNCT in ADP an DET app NOUN or CCONJ game NOUN , PUNCT in ADP real ADJ time NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 chat det 2 chat chat NOUN Number=Sing 6 messages nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 messages cop 4 also also ADV _ 6 messages advmod 5 writing writing NOUN Number=Sing 6 messages compound 6 messages message NOUN Number=Plur root root 7 to to ADP _ 8 each case 8 each each DET PronType=Tot 6 messages appos 9 other other ADJ Degree=Pos 8 each fixed 10 online online ADV _ 8 each advmod 11 , , PUNCT _ 14 app punct 12 in in ADP _ 14 app case 13 an a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 14 app det 14 app app NOUN Number=Sing 6 messages parataxis 15 or or CCONJ _ 16 game cc 16 game game NOUN Number=Sing 14 app conj 17 , , PUNCT _ 20 time punct 18 in in ADP _ 20 time case 19 real real ADJ Degree=Pos 20 time amod 20 time time NOUN Number=Sing 14 app conj 21 . . PUNCT _ 6 messages punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present a chat writing messages tree rules
Example 1 We chatted about our holidays at lunchtime.
nsubj case nmod:poss obl case obl punct root We PRON chatted VERB about ADP our PRON holidays NOUN at ADP lunchtime NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 We we PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs 2 chatted nsubj 2 chatted chat VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 about about ADP _ 5 holidays case 4 our our PRON Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 5 holidays nmod:poss 5 holidays holiday NOUN Number=Plur 2 chatted obl 6 at at ADP _ 7 lunchtime case 7 lunchtime lunchtime NOUN Number=Sing 2 chatted obl 8 . . PUNCT _ 2 chatted punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 chat speech: other past We lunchtime about our holidays vn chit_chat-37.6 «NP V PP.topic»: agent=Agent about holiday=Topic
Example 2 Mum and I had a long chat before bed.
nsubj cc conj det amod obj case obl punct root Mum NOUN and CCONJ I PRON had VERB a DET long ADJ chat NOUN before ADP bed NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Mum mum NOUN Number=Sing 4 had nsubj 2 and and CCONJ _ 3 I cc 3 I I PRON Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 1 Mum conj 4 had have VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 5 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 7 chat det 6 long long ADJ Degree=Pos 7 chat amod 7 chat chat NOUN Number=Sing 4 had obj 8 before before ADP _ 9 bed case 9 bed bed NOUN Number=Sing 4 had obl 10 . . PUNCT _ 4 had punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 have past Mum a long chat before bed vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent chat=Patient
Example 3 Grandma loves a chat on the phone.
nsubj det obj case det obl punct root Grandma NOUN loves VERB a DET chat NOUN on ADP the DET phone NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Grandma grandma NOUN Number=Sing 2 loves nsubj 2 loves love VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 4 chat det 4 chat chat NOUN Number=Sing 2 loves obj 5 on on ADP _ 7 phone case 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 phone det 7 phone phone NOUN Number=Sing 2 loves obl 8 . . PUNCT _ 2 loves punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 love present Grandma a chat the phone vn admire-31.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer chat=Stimulus
Example 4 Only chat online with people you know in real life.
advmod advmod case obl nsubj acl:relcl case amod obl punct root Only ADV chat VERB online ADV with ADP people NOUN you PRON know VERB in ADP real ADJ life NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Only only ADV _ 2 chat advmod 2 chat chat VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 3 online online ADV _ 2 chat advmod 4 with with ADP _ 5 people case 5 people people NOUN Number=Plur 2 chat obl 6 you you PRON Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs 7 know nsubj 7 know know VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 people acl:relcl 8 in in ADP _ 10 life case 9 real real ADJ Degree=Pos 10 life amod 10 life life NOUN Number=Sing 7 know obl 11 . . PUNCT _ 2 chat punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 chat speech: other imperative you not said here with people; online property vn chit_chat-37.6 «NP V PP.co-agent»: agent=Agent with people=Co-Agent 2 know present you people not said here real life vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Experiencer people=Stimulus
Example 5 If someone in the game chat is mean, block them and tell an adult.
The tree, 14 words mark nsubj case det compound nmod cop advcl punct obj cc conj det obj punct root If SCONJ someone PRON in ADP the DET game NOUN chat NOUN is AUX mean ADJ , PUNCT block VERB them PRON and CCONJ tell VERB an DET adult NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 If if SCONJ _ 8 mean mark 2 someone someone PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 8 mean nsubj 3 in in ADP _ 6 chat case 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 6 chat det 5 game game NOUN Number=Sing 6 chat compound 6 chat chat NOUN Number=Sing 2 someone nmod 7 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 8 mean cop 8 mean mean ADJ Degree=Pos 10 block advcl 9 , , PUNCT _ 8 mean punct 10 block block VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 11 them they PRON Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs 10 block obj 12 and and CCONJ _ 13 tell cc 13 tell tell VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin 10 block conj 14 an a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 15 adult det 15 adult adult NOUN Number=Sing 13 tell obj 16 . . PUNCT _ 10 block punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a condition, not said to happen present someone mean property tree rules 2 block imperative you not said here them = they vn forbid-64.4-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Causer they=Theme 3 tell speech: assert infinitive you not said here a adult vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent adult=Recipient
Example 6 Stop chatting and start your work, please.
xcomp cc conj nmod:poss obj punct discourse punct root Stop VERB chatting VERB and CCONJ start VERB your PRON work NOUN , PUNCT please INTJ . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Stop stop VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 2 chatting chat VERB VerbForm=Ger 1 Stop xcomp 3 and and CCONJ _ 4 start cc 4 start start VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin 1 Stop conj 5 your your PRON Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 6 work nmod:poss 6 work work NOUN Number=Sing 4 start obj 7 , , PUNCT _ 1 Stop punct 8 please please INTJ _ 1 Stop discourse 9 . . PUNCT _ 1 Stop punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 stop imperative you not said here vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Affector clause=Eventuality 2 chat speech: other gerund you not said here vn chit_chat-37.6 «NP V»: agent=Agent 3 start infinitive you not said here your work vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent work=Eventuality 4 work your nom work «act intransitive»: poss=agent
Example 7 Our class has a group chat for homework help.
nmod:poss nsubj det compound nsubj case nmod parataxis punct root Our PRON class NOUN has VERB a DET group NOUN chat NOUN for ADP homework NOUN help VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Our our PRON Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 2 class nmod:poss 2 class class NOUN Number=Sing 3 has nsubj 3 has have VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 6 chat det 5 group group NOUN Number=Sing 6 chat compound 6 chat chat NOUN Number=Sing 9 help nsubj 7 for for ADP _ 8 homework case 8 homework homework NOUN Number=Sing 6 chat nmod 9 help help VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 3 has parataxis 10 . . PUNCT _ 3 has punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 have present Our class vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent 2 help present a group chat for homework vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent
Example 8 The teacher wants a quick chat with your dad.
det nsubj det amod obj case nmod:poss obl punct root The DET teacher NOUN wants VERB a DET quick ADJ chat NOUN with ADP your PRON dad NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 teacher det 2 teacher teacher NOUN Number=Sing 3 wants nsubj 3 wants want VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 6 chat det 5 quick quick ADJ Degree=Pos 6 chat amod 6 chat chat NOUN Number=Sing 3 wants obj 7 with with ADP _ 9 dad case 8 your your PRON Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 9 dad nmod:poss 9 dad dad NOUN Number=Sing 3 wants obl 10 . . PUNCT _ 3 wants punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 want present the teacher a quick chat with your dad vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Pivot chat=Theme
Example 9 They sat down for a bit and chatted.
nsubj compound:prt case det obl cc conj punct root They PRON sat VERB down ADP for ADP a DET bit NOUN and CCONJ chatted VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 They they PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs 2 sat nsubj 2 sat sit VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 down down ADP _ 2 sat compound:prt 4 for for ADP _ 6 bit case 5 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 6 bit det 6 bit bit NOUN Number=Sing 2 sat obl 7 and and CCONJ _ 8 chatted cc 8 chatted chat VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 6 bit conj 9 . . PUNCT _ 2 sat punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 sit down past They for a bit vn assuming_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent 2 chat speech: other participle They not said here vn chit_chat-37.6 «NP V»: agent=Agent
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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