chestnut Who acts: chestnut, shiny brown nut, old chestnut, We, Roasted chestnuts, She · What happens: be, grow, roast, eat, tell, collect · To what, where: shiny brown nut, prickly case, sweet chestnuts, tree, brown colour, joke · Speech: someone speaks here
«chestnut» in the school dictionary: its 4 meanings for a pupil and its 9 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: chestnut in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 A chestnut is a shiny reddish-brown nut that grows inside a prickly case on a chestnut tree; sweet chestnuts can be roasted and eaten.
The tree, 25 words det nsubj cop det amod amod punct amod nsubj acl:relcl case det amod obl case det compound obl punct amod nsubj:pass aux aux:pass parataxis cc conj punct root A DET chestnut NOUN is AUX a DET shiny ADJ reddish ADJ - PUNCT brown ADJ nut NOUN that PRON grows VERB inside ADP a DET prickly ADJ case NOUN on ADP a DET chestnut NOUN tree NOUN ; PUNCT sweet ADJ chestnuts NOUN can AUX be AUX roasted VERB and CCONJ eaten VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 chestnut det 2 chestnut chestnut NOUN Number=Sing 9 nut nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 9 nut cop 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 9 nut det 5 shiny shiny ADJ Degree=Pos 9 nut amod 6 reddish reddish ADJ Degree=Pos 8 brown amod 7 - - PUNCT _ 6 reddish punct 8 brown brown ADJ Degree=Pos 9 nut amod 9 nut nut NOUN Number=Sing root root 10 that that PRON PronType=Rel 11 grows nsubj 11 grows grow VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 9 nut acl:relcl 12 inside inside ADP _ 15 case case 13 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 15 case det 14 prickly prickly ADJ Degree=Pos 15 case amod 15 case case NOUN Number=Sing 11 grows obl 16 on on ADP _ 19 tree case 17 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 19 tree det 18 chestnut chestnut NOUN Number=Sing 19 tree compound 19 tree tree NOUN Number=Sing 11 grows obl 20 ; ; PUNCT _ 25 roasted punct 21 sweet sweet ADJ Degree=Pos 22 chestnuts amod 22 chestnuts chestnut NOUN Number=Plur 25 roasted nsubj:pass 23 can can AUX VerbForm=Fin 25 roasted aux 24 be be AUX VerbForm=Inf 25 roasted aux:pass 25 roasted roast VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 9 nut parataxis 26 and and CCONJ _ 27 eaten cc 27 eaten eat VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 25 roasted conj 28 . . PUNCT _ 9 nut punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present a chestnut a shiny brown nut tree rules 2 grow present a shiny brown nut a prickly case on a chestnut tree vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme inside case=Location 3 roast can · passive sweet chestnuts vn cooking-45.3 «NP V NP.patient»: subject=Patient 4 eat participle vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 A chestnut is also the tree itself.
det nsubj cop advmod det nmod:unmarked punct root A DET chestnut NOUN is AUX also ADV the DET tree NOUN itself PRON . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 chestnut det 2 chestnut chestnut NOUN Number=Sing 6 tree nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 tree cop 4 also also ADV _ 6 tree advmod 5 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 6 tree det 6 tree tree NOUN Number=Sing root root 7 itself itself PRON Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Emp Reflex=Yes 6 tree nmod:unmarked 8 . . PUNCT _ 6 tree punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present a chestnut the tree chestnut nmod:unmarked tree rules
Meaning 3 Chestnut is a reddish-brown colour, often of hair or a horse.
The tree, 12 words nsubj cop det amod punct amod punct advmod case nmod cc det conj punct root Chestnut NOUN is AUX a DET reddish ADJ - PUNCT brown ADJ colour NOUN , PUNCT often ADV of ADP hair NOUN or CCONJ a DET horse NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Chestnut chestnut NOUN Number=Sing 7 colour nsubj 2 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 7 colour cop 3 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 7 colour det 4 reddish reddish ADJ Degree=Pos 6 brown amod 5 - - PUNCT _ 4 reddish punct 6 brown brown ADJ Degree=Pos 7 colour amod 7 colour colour NOUN Number=Sing root root 8 , , PUNCT _ 11 hair punct 9 often often ADV _ 11 hair advmod 10 of of ADP _ 11 hair case 11 hair hair NOUN Number=Sing 7 colour nmod 12 or or CCONJ _ 14 horse cc 13 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 14 horse det 14 horse horse NOUN Number=Sing 11 hair conj 15 . . PUNCT _ 7 colour punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present Chestnut a brown colour of hair or a horse tree rules
Meaning 4 «An old chestnut» is a joke or story that has been told too many times.
The tree, 15 words punct det amod nsubj punct cop det cc conj nsubj:pass aux aux:pass parataxis advmod amod obl:unmarked punct root « PUNCT An DET old ADJ chestnut NOUN » PUNCT is AUX a DET joke NOUN or CCONJ story NOUN that PRON has AUX been AUX told VERB too ADV many ADJ times NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 « « PUNCT _ 4 chestnut punct 2 An a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 4 chestnut det 3 old old ADJ Degree=Pos 4 chestnut amod 4 chestnut chestnut NOUN Number=Sing 8 joke nsubj 5 » » PUNCT _ 4 chestnut punct 6 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 8 joke cop 7 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 8 joke det 8 joke joke NOUN Number=Sing root root 9 or or CCONJ _ 10 story cc 10 story story NOUN Number=Sing 8 joke conj 11 that that PRON PronType=Rel 14 told nsubj:pass 12 has have AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 14 told aux 13 been be AUX Tense=Past VerbForm=Part 14 told aux:pass 14 told tell VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 8 joke parataxis 15 too too ADV _ 16 many advmod 16 many many ADJ Degree=Pos 17 times amod 17 times time NOUN Number=Plur 14 told obl:unmarked 18 . . PUNCT _ 8 joke punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present a old chestnut a joke or story tree rules 2 tell speech: assert present · perfect · passive that time vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: subject=Recipient
Example 1 We collected shiny chestnuts in the park.
nsubj amod obj case det obl punct root We PRON collected VERB shiny ADJ chestnuts NOUN in ADP the DET park NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 We we PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs 2 collected nsubj 2 collected collect VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 shiny shiny ADJ Degree=Pos 4 chestnuts amod 4 chestnuts chestnut NOUN Number=Plur 2 collected obj 5 in in ADP _ 7 park case 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 park det 7 park park NOUN Number=Sing 2 collected obl 8 . . PUNCT _ 2 collected punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 collect past We shiny chestnuts the park vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent chestnut=Theme
Example 2 The chestnut case was covered in sharp spikes.
det compound nsubj:pass aux:pass case amod obl punct root The DET chestnut NOUN case NOUN was AUX covered VERB in ADP sharp ADJ spikes NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 case det 2 chestnut chestnut NOUN Number=Sing 3 case compound 3 case case NOUN Number=Sing 5 covered nsubj:pass 4 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 5 covered aux:pass 5 covered cover VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass root root 6 in in ADP _ 8 spikes case 7 sharp sharp ADJ Degree=Pos 8 spikes amod 8 spikes spike NOUN Number=Plur 5 covered obl 9 . . PUNCT _ 5 covered punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 cover past · passive the chestnut case in sharp spikes vn fill-9.8-1 «NP V NP PP.theme»: subject=Destination in spike=Theme
Example 3 Roasted chestnuts smell wonderful in winter.
amod nsubj xcomp case obl punct root Roasted VERB chestnuts NOUN smell VERB wonderful ADJ in ADP winter NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Roasted roast VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 2 chestnuts amod 2 chestnuts chestnut NOUN Number=Plur 3 smell nsubj 3 smell smell VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 wonderful wonderful ADJ Degree=Pos 3 smell xcomp 5 in in ADP _ 6 winter case 6 winter winter NOUN Number=Sing 3 smell obl 7 . . PUNCT _ 3 smell punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 roast participle vn cooking-45.3 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient 2 smell present Roasted chestnuts winter wonderful property vn stimulus_subject-30.4 «NP V ADJ»: agent=Stimulus
Example 4 She has long chestnut hair.
nsubj amod amod obj punct root She PRON has VERB long ADJ chestnut ADJ hair NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 She she PRON Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 2 has nsubj 2 has have VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 long long ADJ Degree=Pos 5 hair amod 4 chestnut chestnut ADJ Degree=Pos 5 hair amod 5 hair hair NOUN Number=Sing 2 has obj 6 . . PUNCT _ 2 has punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 have present She long chestnut hair vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent hair=Patient
Example 5 The farmer rode a chestnut horse.
det nsubj det compound obj punct root The DET farmer NOUN rode VERB a DET chestnut NOUN horse NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 farmer det 2 farmer farmer NOUN Number=Sing 3 rode nsubj 3 rode ride VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 6 horse det 5 chestnut chestnut NOUN Number=Sing 6 horse compound 6 horse horse NOUN Number=Sing 3 rode obj 7 . . PUNCT _ 3 rode punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 ride past the farmer a chestnut horse vn nonvehicle-51.4.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent horse=Theme
Example 6 A huge chestnut tree shades the playground.
det amod compound nsubj det obj punct root A DET huge ADJ chestnut NOUN tree NOUN shades VERB the DET playground NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 4 tree det 2 huge huge ADJ Degree=Pos 4 tree amod 3 chestnut chestnut NOUN Number=Sing 4 tree compound 4 tree tree NOUN Number=Sing 5 shades nsubj 5 shades shade VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 playground det 7 playground playground NOUN Number=Sing 5 shades obj 8 . . PUNCT _ 5 shades punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 shade present a huge chestnut tree the playground vn defend-72.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent playground=Beneficiary
Example 7 Don't eat horse chestnuts; they can make you sick.
aux advmod compound obj punct nsubj aux conj obj xcomp punct root Do AUX n't PART eat VERB horse NOUN chestnuts NOUN ; PUNCT they PRON can AUX make VERB you PRON sick ADJ . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Do do AUX Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin 3 eat aux 2 n't not PART Polarity=Neg 3 eat advmod 3 eat eat VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 4 horse horse NOUN Number=Sing 5 chestnuts compound 5 chestnuts chestnut NOUN Number=Plur 3 eat obj 6 ; ; PUNCT _ 9 make punct 7 they they PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs 9 make nsubj 8 can can AUX VerbForm=Fin 9 make aux 9 make make VERB VerbForm=Inf 3 eat conj 10 you you PRON Case=Acc Person=2 PronType=Prs 9 make obj 11 sick sick ADJ Degree=Pos 9 make xcomp 12 . . PUNCT _ 3 eat punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 not eat imperative · do-support you not said here horse chestnuts vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent chestnut=Patient 2 make can chestnuts = chestnut you sick property vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset you=Product
Example 8 Grandpa told that old chestnut about the talking dog again.
nsubj mark amod iobj case det compound obl advmod punct root Grandpa PROPN told VERB that SCONJ old ADJ chestnut NOUN about ADP the DET talking NOUN dog NOUN again ADV . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Grandpa Grandpa PROPN Number=Sing 2 told nsubj 2 told tell VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 that that SCONJ _ 5 chestnut mark 4 old old ADJ Degree=Pos 5 chestnut amod 5 chestnut chestnut NOUN Number=Sing 2 told iobj 6 about about ADP _ 9 dog case 7 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 9 dog det 8 talking talking NOUN Number=Sing 9 dog compound 9 dog dog NOUN Number=Sing 2 told obl 10 again again ADV _ 2 told advmod 11 . . PUNCT _ 2 told punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 tell speech: assert past Grandpa old chestnut again about the talking dog vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP S_ING»: agent=Agent chestnut=Recipient about dog=Topic
Example 9 It is like entering a grove of chestnut and walnut-trees.
nsubj aux case det obj case nmod cc compound punct conj punct root It PRON is AUX like ADP entering VERB a DET grove NOUN of ADP chestnut NOUN and CCONJ walnut NOUN - PUNCT trees NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 It it PRON Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 4 entering nsubj 2 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 entering aux 3 like like ADP _ 4 entering case 4 entering enter VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part root root 5 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 6 grove det 6 grove grove NOUN Number=Sing 4 entering obj 7 of of ADP _ 8 chestnut case 8 chestnut chestnut NOUN Number=Sing 6 grove nmod 9 and and CCONJ _ 12 trees cc 10 walnut walnut NOUN Number=Sing 12 trees compound 11 - - PUNCT _ 10 walnut punct 12 trees tree NOUN Number=Plur 8 chestnut conj 13 . . PUNCT _ 4 entering punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 enter present · progressive It a grove of chestnut and walnut trees vn escape-51.1-1-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme grove=Destination
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
← previous chestnext → chesty↑ back to C in school dictionary This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/C/chestnut/