chew Who acts: you, chew, puppy, Cows, me, he · What happens: chew, be, swallow, chew over, close, put · To what, where: mouth, food, chewy sweet, something, slipper, grass · Speech: someone speaks here
«chew» in the school dictionary: its 4 meanings for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: chew in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 To chew is to break up food in your mouth with your teeth before you swallow it.
The tree, 17 words mark csubj cop mark compound:prt obj case nmod:poss obl case nmod:poss nmod mark nsubj advcl obj punct root To PART chew VERB is AUX to PART break VERB up ADP food NOUN in ADP your PRON mouth NOUN with ADP your PRON teeth NOUN before SCONJ you PRON swallow VERB it PRON . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 To to PART _ 2 chew mark 2 chew chew VERB VerbForm=Inf 5 break csubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 break cop 4 to to PART _ 5 break mark 5 break break VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 6 up up ADP _ 5 break compound:prt 7 food food NOUN Number=Sing 5 break obj 8 in in ADP _ 10 mouth case 9 your your PRON Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 10 mouth nmod:poss 10 mouth mouth NOUN Number=Sing 5 break obl 11 with with ADP _ 13 teeth case 12 your your PRON Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 13 teeth nmod:poss 13 teeth tooth NOUN Number=Plur 10 mouth nmod 14 before before SCONJ _ 16 swallow mark 15 you you PRON Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs 16 swallow nsubj 16 swallow swallow VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 break advcl 17 it it PRON Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 16 swallow obj 18 . . PUNCT _ 5 break punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 chew to-infinitive vn chew-39.2 «NP V»: agent=Agent 2 is present your mouth with your teeth break property tree rules 3 swallow present you food vn gobble-39.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Patient
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 To chew on something is to bite it again and again, like a dog with a bone.
The tree, 17 words mark advcl case obl cop mark obj advmod cc conj punct case det parataxis case det nmod punct root To PART chew VERB on ADP something PRON is AUX to PART bite VERB it PRON again ADV and CCONJ again ADV , PUNCT like ADP a DET dog NOUN with ADP a DET bone NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 To to PART _ 2 chew mark 2 chew chew VERB VerbForm=Inf 7 bite advcl 3 on on ADP _ 4 something case 4 something something PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 2 chew obl 5 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 7 bite cop 6 to to PART _ 7 bite mark 7 bite bite VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 8 it it PRON Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 7 bite obj 9 again again ADV _ 7 bite advmod 10 and and CCONJ _ 11 again cc 11 again again ADV _ 9 again conj 12 , , PUNCT _ 15 dog punct 13 like like ADP _ 15 dog case 14 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 15 dog det 15 dog dog NOUN Number=Sing 7 bite parataxis 16 with with ADP _ 18 bone case 17 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 18 bone det 18 bone bone NOUN Number=Sing 15 dog nmod 19 . . PUNCT _ 7 bite punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 chew to-infinitive on something vn chew-39.2 «NP V PP»: agent=Agent on something=Patient 2 is present again bite property tree rules
Meaning 3 A chew is a chewy sweet or a treat for a dog.
det nsubj cop det amod cc det conj case det nmod punct root A DET chew NOUN is AUX a DET chewy ADJ sweet NOUN or CCONJ a DET treat NOUN for ADP a DET dog NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 chew det 2 chew chew NOUN Number=Sing 6 sweet nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 sweet cop 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 6 sweet det 5 chewy chewy ADJ Degree=Pos 6 sweet amod 6 sweet sweet NOUN Number=Sing root root 7 or or CCONJ _ 9 treat cc 8 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 9 treat det 9 treat treat NOUN Number=Sing 6 sweet conj 10 for for ADP _ 12 dog case 11 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 12 dog det 12 dog dog NOUN Number=Sing 9 treat nmod 13 . . PUNCT _ 6 sweet punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present a chew a chewy sweet or a treat for a dog tree rules
Meaning 4 To chew something over is to think about it carefully.
mark advcl obj advmod cop mark case obl advmod punct root To PART chew VERB something PRON over ADV is AUX to PART think VERB about ADP it PRON carefully ADV . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 To to PART _ 2 chew mark 2 chew chew VERB VerbForm=Inf 7 think advcl 3 something something PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 2 chew obj 4 over over ADV _ 2 chew advmod 5 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 7 think cop 6 to to PART _ 7 think mark 7 think think VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 8 about about ADP _ 9 it case 9 it it PRON Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 7 think obl 10 carefully carefully ADV _ 7 think advmod 11 . . PUNCT _ 7 think punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 chew over to-infinitive something over property vn chew-39.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent something=Patient 2 is present about it; carefully, think property tree rules
Example 1 Chew your food properly before you swallow.
nmod:poss obj advmod mark nsubj advcl punct root Chew VERB your PRON food NOUN properly ADV before SCONJ you PRON swallow VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Chew chew VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 2 your your PRON Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 3 food nmod:poss 3 food food NOUN Number=Sing 1 Chew obj 4 properly properly ADV _ 1 Chew advmod 5 before before SCONJ _ 7 swallow mark 6 you you PRON Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs 7 swallow nsubj 7 swallow swallow VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 1 Chew advcl 8 . . PUNCT _ 1 Chew punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 chew imperative you not said here your food properly property vn chew-39.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent food=Patient 2 swallow present you vn hiccup-40.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
Example 2 Please chew with your mouth closed.
discourse case nmod:poss obl xcomp punct root Please INTJ chew VERB with ADP your PRON mouth NOUN closed VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Please please INTJ _ 2 chew discourse 2 chew chew VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 3 with with ADP _ 5 mouth case 4 your your PRON Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 5 mouth nmod:poss 5 mouth mouth NOUN Number=Sing 2 chew obl 6 closed close VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 2 chew xcomp 7 . . PUNCT _ 2 chew punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 chew imperative you not said here with your mouth tree rules 2 close participle you not said here vn other_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient
Example 3 The puppy chewed my slipper.
det nsubj nmod:poss obj punct root The DET puppy NOUN chewed VERB my PRON slipper NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 puppy det 2 puppy puppy NOUN Number=Sing 3 chewed nsubj 3 chewed chew VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 my my PRON Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 5 slipper nmod:poss 5 slipper slipper NOUN Number=Sing 3 chewed obj 6 . . PUNCT _ 3 chewed punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 chew past the puppy my slipper vn chew-39.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent slipper=Patient
Example 4 Cows chew grass for hours.
nsubj obj case obl punct root Cows NOUN chew VERB grass NOUN for ADP hours NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Cows cow NOUN Number=Plur 2 chew nsubj 2 chew chew VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 grass grass NOUN Number=Sing 2 chew obj 4 for for ADP _ 5 hours case 5 hours hour NOUN Number=Plur 2 chew obl 6 . . PUNCT _ 2 chew punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 chew present Cows grass hour vn chew-39.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent grass=Patient
Example 5 Put your chewing gum in the bin.
nmod:poss compound obj case det obl punct root Put VERB your PRON chewing NOUN gum NOUN in ADP the DET bin NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Put put VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 2 your your PRON Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 4 gum nmod:poss 3 chewing chewing NOUN Number=Sing 4 gum compound 4 gum gum NOUN Number=Sing 1 Put obj 5 in in ADP _ 7 bin case 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 bin det 7 bin bin NOUN Number=Sing 1 Put obl 8 . . PUNCT _ 1 Put punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 put imperative you not said here your chewing gum the bin vn put-9.1-2 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent gum=Theme in bin=Destination
Example 6 Let me chew it over and tell you tomorrow.
obj xcomp obj compound:prt cc conj iobj obl:unmarked punct root Let VERB me PRON chew VERB it PRON over ADP and CCONJ tell VERB you PRON tomorrow NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Let let VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 2 me I PRON Case=Acc Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 1 Let obj 3 chew chew VERB VerbForm=Inf 1 Let xcomp 4 it it PRON Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 3 chew obj 5 over over ADP _ 3 chew compound:prt 6 and and CCONJ _ 7 tell cc 7 tell tell VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin 1 Let conj 8 you you PRON Case=Acc Person=2 PronType=Prs 7 tell iobj 9 tomorrow tomorrow NOUN Number=Sing 7 tell obl:unmarked 10 . . PUNCT _ 1 Let punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 let imperative you not said here me tree rules 2 chew over infinitive me not said here it vn chew-39.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Patient 3 tell speech: assert infinitive you not said here you tomorrow vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent you=Recipient
Example 7 Don't bite off more than you can chew.
aux advmod compound:prt obj mark nsubj aux advcl punct root Do AUX n't PART bite VERB off ADP more ADJ than SCONJ you PRON can AUX chew VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Do do AUX Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin 3 bite aux 2 n't not PART Polarity=Neg 3 bite advmod 3 bite bite VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 4 off off ADP _ 3 bite compound:prt 5 more more ADJ Degree=Cmp 3 bite obj 6 than than SCONJ _ 9 chew mark 7 you you PRON Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs 9 chew nsubj 8 can can AUX VerbForm=Fin 9 chew aux 9 chew chew VERB VerbForm=Inf 5 more advcl 10 . . PUNCT _ 3 bite punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 not bite off imperative · do-support you not said here more vn swat-18.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent more=Patient 2 chew can you vn chew-39.2 «NP V»: agent=Agent
Example 8 After tasting it, he chewed it well, closed his eyes, and swallowed it.
The tree, 13 words mark advcl obj punct nsubj obj advmod punct parataxis nmod:poss obj punct cc conj obj punct root After SCONJ tasting VERB it PRON , PUNCT he PRON chewed VERB it PRON well ADV , PUNCT closed VERB his PRON eyes NOUN , PUNCT and CCONJ swallowed VERB it PRON . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 After after SCONJ _ 2 tasting mark 2 tasting taste VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 6 chewed advcl 3 it it PRON Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 2 tasting obj 4 , , PUNCT _ 2 tasting punct 5 he he PRON Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 6 chewed nsubj 6 chewed chew VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 7 it it PRON Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 6 chewed obj 8 well well ADV Degree=Pos 6 chewed advmod 9 , , PUNCT _ 10 closed punct 10 closed close VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 6 chewed parataxis 11 his his PRON Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 12 eyes nmod:poss 12 eyes eye NOUN Number=Plur 10 closed obj 13 , , PUNCT _ 15 swallowed punct 14 and and CCONJ _ 15 swallowed cc 15 swallowed swallow VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 6 chewed conj 16 it it PRON Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 15 swallowed obj 17 . . PUNCT _ 6 chewed punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 taste gerund he not said here it vn seem-109 «NP V ADJ»: agent=Theme it=Attribute 2 chew past he it well property vn chew-39.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Patient 3 close participle his eyes vn crane-40.3.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent eye=Patient 4 swallow past he not said here it vn gobble-39.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Patient
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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