chivalry

Who acts: Knights, chivalry, Holding, Gran, boy, story · What happens: suppose, follow, be, protect, serve, show · To what, where: rules, weak, God, fashioned courtesy, women, door · Speech: someone speaks here

«chivalry» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: chivalry in the school dictionary.

Meaning 1

The rules and ideals that medieval knights were supposed to follow: being brave, loyal, honest, protecting the weak and serving God and their lord.

The tree, 24 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 rules	det
2	rules	rule	NOUN	Number=Plur	9 supposed	nsubj:pass
3	and	and	CCONJ	_	4 ideals	cc
4	ideals	ideal	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 rules	conj
5	that	that	PRON	PronType=Rel	9 supposed	nsubj:pass
6	medieval	medieval	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 knights	amod
7	knights	knight	NOUN	Number=Plur	9 supposed	nsubj:pass
8	were	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	9 supposed	aux:pass
9	supposed	suppose	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
10	to	to	PART	_	11 follow	mark
11	follow	follow	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	9 supposed	xcomp
12	:	:	PUNCT	_	14 brave	punct
13	being	be	AUX	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	14 brave	cop
14	brave	brave	ADJ	Degree=Pos	9 supposed	parataxis
15	,	,	PUNCT	_	16 loyal	punct
16	loyal	loyal	ADJ	Degree=Pos	14 brave	conj
17	,	,	PUNCT	_	18 honest	punct
18	honest	honest	ADJ	Degree=Pos	14 brave	conj
19	,	,	PUNCT	_	20 protecting	punct
20	protecting	protect	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	14 brave	parataxis
21	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	22 weak	det
22	weak	weak	ADJ	Degree=Pos	20 protecting	obj
23	and	and	CCONJ	_	24 serving	cc
24	serving	serve	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	20 protecting	conj
25	God	God	PROPN	Number=Sing	24 serving	obj
26	and	and	CCONJ	_	28 lord	cc
27	their	their	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	28 lord	nmod:poss
28	lord	lord	NOUN	Number=Sing	25 God	conj
29	.	.	PUNCT	_	9 supposed	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	what, whom	other	roles by
1	suppose	past · passive	the rules and ideals		vn consider-29.9-2 «NP V NP ADJ»: subject=Attribute clause=Theme
2	follow	to-infinitive			vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
3	is	gerund		brave property	tree rules
4	be				tree rules
5	be				tree rules
6	protect	gerund	the weak		vn defend-72.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent weak=Beneficiary
7	serve	gerund	God and knights's lord		vn masquerade-29.6-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent god=Attribute

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Meaning 2

Polite, kind and generous behaviour, especially old-fashioned courtesy shown by men to women, like holding a door.

The tree, 18 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Polite	polite	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 behaviour	amod
2	,	,	PUNCT	_	3 kind	punct
3	kind	kind	ADJ	Degree=Pos	1 Polite	conj
4	and	and	CCONJ	_	5 generous	cc
5	generous	generous	ADJ	Degree=Pos	1 Polite	conj
6	behaviour	behaviour	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
7	,	,	PUNCT	_	12 courtesy	punct
8	especially	especially	ADV	_	12 courtesy	advmod
9	old	old	ADJ	Degree=Pos	11 fashioned	amod
10	-	-	PUNCT	_	9 old	punct
11	fashioned	fashioned	ADJ	Degree=Pos	12 courtesy	amod
12	courtesy	courtesy	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 behaviour	appos
13	shown	show	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	12 courtesy	acl
14	by	by	ADP	_	15 men	case
15	men	man	NOUN	Number=Plur	13 shown	obl
16	to	to	ADP	_	17 women	case
17	women	woman	NOUN	Number=Plur	13 shown	obl
18	,	,	PUNCT	_	20 holding	punct
19	like	like	SCONJ	_	20 holding	mark
20	holding	hold	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	13 shown	advcl
21	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	22 door	det
22	door	door	NOUN	Number=Sing	20 holding	obj
23	.	.	PUNCT	_	6 behaviour	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	show	participle		fashioned courtesy not said here	women			by men	vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V PP.recipient how S»: agent=Agent to woman=Recipient
2	hold	gerund		a door					vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent door=Theme

Example 1

Knights were expected to follow the rules of chivalry.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Knights	knight	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 expected	nsubj:pass
2	were	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	3 expected	aux:pass
3	expected	expect	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
4	to	to	PART	_	5 follow	mark
5	follow	follow	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	3 expected	xcomp
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 rules	det
7	rules	rule	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 follow	obj
8	of	of	ADP	_	9 chivalry	case
9	chivalry	chivalry	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 rules	nmod
10	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 expected	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	roles by
1	expect	past · passive		Knights	tree rules
2	follow not said to happen	to-infinitive	Knights not said here	the rules of chivalry	vn chase-51.6 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent rule=Theme
3	rule		chivalry		nom rule «cognition intransitive»: of=agent

Example 2

King Arthur's knights were famous for their chivalry.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	King	King	PROPN	Number=Sing	2 Arthur	compound
2	Arthur	Arthur	PROPN	Number=Sing	4 knights	nmod:poss
3	's	's	PART	_	2 Arthur	case
4	knights	knight	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 famous	nsubj
5	were	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	6 famous	cop
6	famous	famous	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
7	for	for	ADP	_	9 chivalry	case
8	their	their	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	9 chivalry	nmod:poss
9	chivalry	chivalry	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 famous	obl
10	.	.	PUNCT	_	6 famous	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	past	King Arthur's knights					for knights's chivalry; famous property	tree rules

Example 3

Holding the door for someone is a small act of chivalry.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Holding	hold	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	9 act	csubj
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 door	det
3	door	door	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Holding	obj
4	for	for	ADP	_	5 someone	case
5	someone	someone	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Ind	1 Holding	obl
6	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	9 act	cop
7	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	9 act	det
8	small	small	ADJ	Degree=Pos	9 act	amod
9	act	act	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
10	of	of	ADP	_	11 chivalry	case
11	chivalry	chivalry	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 act	nmod
12	.	.	PUNCT	_	9 act	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	hold	gerund		the door				for someone	vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent door=Theme
2	is a	present	Holding	a small act				of chivalry	tree rules

Example 4

«Chivalry isn't dead!» said Gran when the boy carried her bags.

The tree, 12 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	«	«	PUNCT	_	5 dead	punct
2	Chivalry	chivalry	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 dead	nsubj
3	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 dead	cop
4	n't	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	5 dead	advmod
5	dead	dead	ADJ	Degree=Pos	8 said	ccomp
6	!	!	PUNCT	_	5 dead	punct
7	»	»	PUNCT	_	5 dead	punct
8	said	say	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
9	Gran	Gran	PROPN	Number=Sing	8 said	nsubj
10	when	when	SCONJ	_	13 carried	mark
11	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	12 boy	det
12	boy	boy	NOUN	Number=Sing	13 carried	nsubj
13	carried	carry	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	8 said	advcl
14	her	her	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	15 bags	nmod:poss
15	bags	bag	NOUN	Number=Plur	13 carried	obj
16	.	.	PUNCT	_	8 said	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	not is in a quote	present	Chivalry		dead property	tree rules
2	say speech: express	past	Gran			vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent
3	carry	past	the boy	Gran's bags		vn carry-11.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent bag=Theme

Example 5

The story is full of chivalry, quests and dragons.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 story	det
2	story	story	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 full	nsubj
3	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 full	cop
4	full	full	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
5	of	of	ADP	_	6 chivalry	case
6	chivalry	chivalry	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 full	obl
7	,	,	PUNCT	_	8 quests	punct
8	quests	quest	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 chivalry	conj
9	and	and	CCONJ	_	10 dragons	cc
10	dragons	dragon	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 quests	conj
11	.	.	PUNCT	_	4 full	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	the story					of chivalry and quests and dragons; full property	tree rules

Example 6

Chivalry asked knights to protect the weak.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Chivalry	Chivalry	PROPN	Number=Sing	2 asked	nsubj
2	asked	ask	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	knights	knight	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 asked	obj
4	to	to	PART	_	5 protect	mark
5	protect	protect	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	2 asked	xcomp
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 weak	det
7	weak	weak	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 protect	obj
8	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 asked	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	ask speech: ask	past	Chivalry		knights				vn inquire-37.1.2 «NP V NP whether S_INF»: agent=Agent knight=Recipient clause=Topic
2	protect not said to happen	to-infinitive	Chivalry not said here	the weak					vn defend-72.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent weak=Beneficiary

Example 7

"Here it is splendid in summer!" she said, and they passed by old castles of the age of chivalry.

The tree, 19 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	"	"	PUNCT	_	5 splendid	punct
2	Here	here	ADV	PronType=Dem	5 splendid	advmod
3	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	5 splendid	nsubj
4	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 splendid	cop
5	splendid	splendid	ADJ	Degree=Pos	11 said	parataxis
6	in	in	ADP	_	7 summer	case
7	summer	summer	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 splendid	obl
8	!	!	PUNCT	_	5 splendid	punct
9	"	"	PUNCT	_	5 splendid	punct
10	she	she	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	11 said	nsubj
11	said	say	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
12	,	,	PUNCT	_	15 passed	punct
13	and	and	CCONJ	_	15 passed	cc
14	they	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	15 passed	nsubj
15	passed	pass	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	11 said	ccomp
16	by	by	ADP	_	18 castles	case
17	old	old	ADJ	Degree=Pos	18 castles	amod
18	castles	castle	NOUN	Number=Plur	15 passed	obl
19	of	of	ADP	_	21 age	case
20	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	21 age	det
21	age	age	NOUN	Number=Sing	18 castles	nmod
22	of	of	ADP	_	23 chivalry	case
23	chivalry	chivalry	NOUN	Number=Sing	21 age	nmod
24	.	.	PUNCT	_	11 said	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	where	when	other	roles by
1	is in a quote	present	it	here	summer	splendid property	tree rules
2	say speech: express	past	she				vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic
3	pass	past	they			by old castles of the age of chivalry	vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme by castle=Location

Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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