chocolate Who acts: Chocolate, She, box, He, chocolate bar, I · What happens: be, make, cover, mean, buy, hold · To what, where: sweet brown food, cocoa beans, 6 bars, 24 chocolates, 5 chocolates, 2 dollars · Speech: someone speaks here
«chocolate» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 9 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: chocolate in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 Chocolate is a sweet brown food made from cocoa beans.
nsubj cop det amod amod acl case compound obl punct root Chocolate NOUN is AUX a DET sweet ADJ brown ADJ food NOUN made VERB from ADP cocoa NOUN beans NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Chocolate chocolate NOUN Number=Sing 6 food nsubj 2 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 food cop 3 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 6 food det 4 sweet sweet ADJ Degree=Pos 6 food amod 5 brown brown ADJ Degree=Pos 6 food amod 6 food food NOUN Number=Sing root root 7 made make VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 6 food acl 8 from from ADP _ 10 beans case 9 cocoa cocoa NOUN Number=Sing 10 beans compound 10 beans bean NOUN Number=Plur 7 made obl 11 . . PUNCT _ 6 food punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present Chocolate a sweet brown food tree rules 2 make participle a sweet brown food not said here cocoa beans vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V PP»: agent=Asset from bean=Material
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 A chocolate is one sweet made of or covered in chocolate.
det nsubj cop nummod advcl obl cc conj case obl punct root A DET chocolate NOUN is AUX one NUM sweet ADJ made VERB of ADP or CCONJ covered VERB in ADP chocolate NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 chocolate det 2 chocolate chocolate NOUN Number=Sing 5 sweet nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 sweet cop 4 one one NUM NumForm=Word NumType=Card 5 sweet nummod 5 sweet sweet ADJ Degree=Pos root root 6 made make VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 5 sweet advcl 7 of of ADP _ 6 made obl 8 or or CCONJ _ 9 covered cc 9 covered cover VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 6 made conj 10 in in ADP _ 11 chocolate case 11 chocolate chocolate NOUN Number=Sing 9 covered obl 12 . . PUNCT _ 5 sweet punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is present a chocolate sweet property tree rules 2 make participle a chocolate not said here vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset 3 cover participle a chocolate not said here in chocolate vn fill-9.8-1 «NP V NP PP.theme»: agent=Agent in chocolate=Theme
Meaning 3 Chocolate as an adjective means made with chocolate or brown like it: chocolate cake, chocolate brown.
The tree, 16 words nsubj case det nmod ccomp case obl cc conj case obl punct compound parataxis punct compound conj punct root Chocolate NOUN as ADP an DET adjective NOUN means VERB made VERB with ADP chocolate NOUN or CCONJ brown ADJ like ADP it PRON : PUNCT chocolate NOUN cake NOUN , PUNCT chocolate NOUN brown NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Chocolate chocolate NOUN Number=Sing 5 means nsubj 2 as as ADP _ 4 adjective case 3 an a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 4 adjective det 4 adjective adjective NOUN Number=Sing 1 Chocolate nmod 5 means mean VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 6 made make VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 5 means ccomp 7 with with ADP _ 8 chocolate case 8 chocolate chocolate NOUN Number=Sing 6 made obl 9 or or CCONJ _ 10 brown cc 10 brown brown ADJ Degree=Pos 8 chocolate conj 11 like like ADP _ 12 it case 12 it it PRON Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 10 brown obl 13 : : PUNCT _ 15 cake punct 14 chocolate chocolate NOUN Number=Sing 15 cake compound 15 cake cake NOUN Number=Sing 5 means parataxis 16 , , PUNCT _ 18 brown punct 17 chocolate chocolate NOUN Number=Sing 18 brown compound 18 brown brown NOUN Number=Sing 15 cake conj 19 . . PUNCT _ 5 means punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 mean present Chocolate as a adjective vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 2 make participle with chocolate vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset
Example 1 She bought 6 bars of chocolate.
nsubj nummod obj case nmod punct root She PRON bought VERB 6 NUM bars NOUN of ADP chocolate NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 She she PRON Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 2 bought nsubj 2 bought buy VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 6 6 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 4 bars nummod 4 bars bar NOUN Number=Plur 2 bought obj 5 of of ADP _ 6 chocolate case 6 chocolate chocolate NOUN Number=Sing 4 bars nmod 7 . . PUNCT _ 2 bought punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 buy past She 6 bars of chocolate vn accept-77.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent bar=Theme
Example 2 A box holds 24 chocolates.
det nsubj nummod obj punct root A DET box NOUN holds VERB 24 NUM chocolates NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 box det 2 box box NOUN Number=Sing 3 holds nsubj 3 holds hold VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 24 24 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 5 chocolates nummod 5 chocolates chocolate NOUN Number=Plur 3 holds obj 6 . . PUNCT _ 3 holds punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 hold present a box 24 chocolates vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent chocolate=Theme
Example 3 He ate 5 chocolates.
nsubj nummod obj punct root He PRON ate VERB 5 NUM chocolates NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 He he PRON Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 2 ate nsubj 2 ate eat VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 5 5 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 4 chocolates nummod 4 chocolates chocolate NOUN Number=Plur 2 ate obj 5 . . PUNCT _ 2 ate punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 eat past He 5 chocolates vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent chocolate=Patient
Example 4 Each chocolate bar costs 2 dollars.
det compound nsubj nummod obj punct root Each DET chocolate NOUN bar NOUN costs VERB 2 NUM dollars NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Each each DET PronType=Tot 3 bar det 2 chocolate chocolate NOUN Number=Sing 3 bar compound 3 bar bar NOUN Number=Sing 4 costs nsubj 4 costs cost VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 5 2 2 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 6 dollars nummod 6 dollars dollar NOUN Number=Plur 4 costs obj 7 . . PUNCT _ 4 costs punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 cost present each chocolate bar 2 dollars vn cost-54.2 «NP V NP.value»: agent=Theme dollar=Value
Example 5 I drink hot chocolate on cold days.
nsubj amod obj case amod obl punct root I PRON drink VERB hot ADJ chocolate NOUN on ADP cold ADJ days NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 I I PRON Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 2 drink nsubj 2 drink drink VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 hot hot ADJ Degree=Pos 4 chocolate amod 4 chocolate chocolate NOUN Number=Sing 2 drink obj 5 on on ADP _ 7 days case 6 cold cold ADJ Degree=Pos 7 days amod 7 days day NOUN Number=Plur 2 drink obl 8 . . PUNCT _ 2 drink punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 drink present I hot chocolate day vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent chocolate=Patient
Example 6 The chocolate melted in the hot car.
det acl case det amod obl punct root The DET chocolate NOUN melted VERB in ADP the DET hot ADJ car NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 chocolate det 2 chocolate chocolate NOUN Number=Sing root root 3 melted melt VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 2 chocolate acl 4 in in ADP _ 7 car case 5 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 car det 6 hot hot ADJ Degree=Pos 7 car amod 7 car car NOUN Number=Sing 3 melted obl 8 . . PUNCT _ 2 chocolate punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 melt participle the chocolate not said here the hot car vn other_cos-45.4-1 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient
Example 7 Cocoa beans grow on trees in warm countries.
compound nsubj case obl case amod obl punct root Cocoa NOUN beans NOUN grow VERB on ADP trees NOUN in ADP warm ADJ countries NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Cocoa cocoa NOUN Number=Sing 2 beans compound 2 beans bean NOUN Number=Plur 3 grow nsubj 3 grow grow VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 on on ADP _ 5 trees case 5 trees tree NOUN Number=Plur 3 grow obl 6 in in ADP _ 8 countries case 7 warm warm ADJ Degree=Pos 8 countries amod 8 countries country NOUN Number=Plur 3 grow obl 9 . . PUNCT _ 3 grow punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 grow present Cocoa beans trees in warm countries vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme on tree=Location
Example 8 Chocolate is poisonous to dogs, so never give it to them.
nsubj cop case obl punct advmod advmod parataxis obj case obl punct root Chocolate NOUN is AUX poisonous ADJ to ADP dogs NOUN , PUNCT so ADV never ADV give VERB it PRON to ADP them PRON . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Chocolate chocolate NOUN Number=Sing 3 poisonous nsubj 2 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 3 poisonous cop 3 poisonous poisonous ADJ Degree=Pos root root 4 to to ADP _ 5 dogs case 5 dogs dog NOUN Number=Plur 3 poisonous obl 6 , , PUNCT _ 9 give punct 7 so so ADV _ 9 give advmod 8 never never ADV PronType=Neg 9 give advmod 9 give give VERB VerbForm=Inf 3 poisonous parataxis 10 it it PRON Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 9 give obj 11 to to ADP _ 12 them case 12 them they PRON Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs 9 give obl 13 . . PUNCT _ 3 poisonous punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is present Chocolate to dogs; poisonous property tree rules 2 not give infinitive Chocolate dogs = dog vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP PP.recipient»: agent=Agent it=Theme to they=Recipient
Example 9 Mrs. Darling left the room to get a chocolate for him, and Mr. Darling thought this showed want of firmness.
The tree, 20 words nsubj flat det obj mark advcl det obj case obl punct cc nmod:desc nsubj parataxis nsubj ccomp obj case nmod punct root Mrs. PROPN Darling PROPN left VERB the DET room NOUN to PART get VERB a DET chocolate NOUN for ADP him PRON , PUNCT and CCONJ Mr. PROPN Darling PROPN thought VERB this PRON showed VERB want NOUN of ADP firmness NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Mrs. Mrs. PROPN Number=Sing 3 left nsubj 2 Darling Darling PROPN Number=Sing 1 Mrs. flat 3 left leave VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 5 room det 5 room room NOUN Number=Sing 3 left obj 6 to to PART _ 7 get mark 7 get get VERB VerbForm=Inf 3 left advcl 8 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 9 chocolate det 9 chocolate chocolate NOUN Number=Sing 7 get obj 10 for for ADP _ 11 him case 11 him he PRON Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 7 get obl 12 , , PUNCT _ 16 thought punct 13 and and CCONJ _ 16 thought cc 14 Mr. Mr. PROPN Number=Sing 15 Darling nmod:desc 15 Darling Darling PROPN Number=Sing 16 thought nsubj 16 thought think VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 3 left parataxis 17 this this PRON Number=Sing PronType=Dem 18 showed nsubj 18 showed show VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 16 thought ccomp 19 want want NOUN Number=Sing 18 showed obj 20 of of ADP _ 21 firmness case 21 firmness firmness NOUN Number=Sing 19 want nmod 22 . . PUNCT _ 3 left punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 leave past Mrs. the room vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent room=Theme 2 get to-infinitive Mrs. not said here a chocolate for Mrs. vn get-13.5.1-1 «NP V NP PP.beneficiary»: agent=Agent chocolate=Theme for he=Beneficiary 3 think speech: other past Darling Mr. vn consider-29.9-2 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent clause=Theme 4 show past this want of firmness vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent want=Recipient 5 want firmness nom want «state transitive»: of=patient
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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