churn Who acts: churn, boat, stomach, you, people, We · What happens: be, shake, stir, make, churn, churn up · To what, where: container, cream, butter, milk, water, wooden churn · Speech: someone speaks here
«churn» in the school dictionary: its 5 meanings for a pupil and its 9 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: churn in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 A churn is a container in which cream or milk is shaken or stirred to make butter.
The tree, 17 words det nsubj cop det case obl nsubj:pass cc conj aux:pass acl:relcl cc conj mark advcl obj punct root A DET churn NOUN is AUX a DET container NOUN in ADP which PRON cream NOUN or CCONJ milk NOUN is AUX shaken VERB or CCONJ stirred VERB to PART make VERB butter NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 churn det 2 churn churn NOUN Number=Sing 5 container nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 container cop 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 container det 5 container container NOUN Number=Sing root root 6 in in ADP _ 7 which case 7 which which PRON PronType=Rel 12 shaken obl 8 cream cream NOUN Number=Sing 12 shaken nsubj:pass 9 or or CCONJ _ 10 milk cc 10 milk milk NOUN Number=Sing 8 cream conj 11 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 12 shaken aux:pass 12 shaken shake VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 5 container acl:relcl 13 or or CCONJ _ 14 stirred cc 14 stirred stir VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 12 shaken conj 15 to to PART _ 16 make mark 16 make make VERB VerbForm=Inf 14 stirred advcl 17 butter butter NOUN Number=Sing 16 make obj 18 . . PUNCT _ 5 container punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present a churn a container tree rules 2 shake present · passive cream or milk a container vn funnel-9.3-1-1 «NP V NP PP.trajectory»: subject=Theme in which=Trajectory 3 stir participle vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer 4 make to-infinitive butter vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset butter=Product
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 To churn is to stir or shake milk or cream to make butter.
mark csubj cop mark cc conj obj cc conj mark advcl obj punct root To PART churn VERB is AUX to PART stir VERB or CCONJ shake VERB milk NOUN or CCONJ cream NOUN to PART make VERB butter NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 To to PART _ 2 churn mark 2 churn churn VERB VerbForm=Inf 5 stir csubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 stir cop 4 to to PART _ 5 stir mark 5 stir stir VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 6 or or CCONJ _ 7 shake cc 7 shake shake VERB VerbForm=Inf 5 stir conj 8 milk milk NOUN Number=Sing 7 shake obj 9 or or CCONJ _ 10 cream cc 10 cream cream NOUN Number=Sing 8 milk conj 11 to to PART _ 12 make mark 12 make make VERB VerbForm=Inf 7 shake advcl 13 butter butter NOUN Number=Sing 12 make obj 14 . . PUNCT _ 5 stir punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 churn to-infinitive vn build-26.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent 2 is present stir property tree rules 3 shake infinitive milk or cream vn shake-22.3-2 «NP V NP together»: agent=Agent milk=Patient 4 make to-infinitive butter vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset butter=Product
Meaning 3 To churn is to move or stir water, mud or earth around violently: «The boat churned up the water.».
The tree, 19 words mark csubj cop mark cc conj obj punct conj cc conj case obl punct punct det nsubj parataxis compound:prt det obj punct punct punct root To PART churn VERB is AUX to PART move VERB or CCONJ stir VERB water NOUN , PUNCT mud NOUN or CCONJ earth NOUN around ADP violently ADV : PUNCT « PUNCT The DET boat NOUN churned VERB up ADP the DET water NOUN . PUNCT » PUNCT . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 To to PART _ 2 churn mark 2 churn churn VERB VerbForm=Inf 5 move csubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 move cop 4 to to PART _ 5 move mark 5 move move VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 6 or or CCONJ _ 7 stir cc 7 stir stir VERB VerbForm=Inf 5 move conj 8 water water NOUN Number=Sing 7 stir obj 9 , , PUNCT _ 10 mud punct 10 mud mud NOUN Number=Sing 8 water conj 11 or or CCONJ _ 12 earth cc 12 earth earth NOUN Number=Sing 8 water conj 13 around around ADP _ 14 violently case 14 violently violently ADV _ 7 stir obl 15 : : PUNCT _ 19 churned punct 16 « « PUNCT _ 19 churned punct 17 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 18 boat det 18 boat boat NOUN Number=Sing 19 churned nsubj 19 churned churn VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 5 move parataxis 20 up up ADP _ 19 churned compound:prt 21 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 22 water det 22 water water NOUN Number=Sing 19 churned obj 23 . . PUNCT _ 19 churned punct 24 » » PUNCT _ 19 churned punct 25 . . PUNCT _ 5 move punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 churn to-infinitive vn build-26.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent 2 is present move property tree rules 3 stir infinitive water and mud or earth vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus water=Experiencer 4 churn up in a quote past the boat the water vn build-26.1 «NP.material V NP»: agent=Material water=Product
Meaning 4 If your stomach churns, you feel sick, often from worry.
mark nmod:poss nsubj advcl punct nsubj xcomp punct advmod case advcl punct root If SCONJ your PRON stomach NOUN churns VERB , PUNCT you PRON feel VERB sick ADJ , PUNCT often ADV from ADP worry NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 If if SCONJ _ 4 churns mark 2 your your PRON Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 3 stomach nmod:poss 3 stomach stomach NOUN Number=Sing 4 churns nsubj 4 churns churn VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 7 feel advcl 5 , , PUNCT _ 4 churns punct 6 you you PRON Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs 7 feel nsubj 7 feel feel VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 8 sick sick ADJ Degree=Pos 7 feel xcomp 9 , , PUNCT _ 12 worry punct 10 often often ADV _ 12 worry advmod 11 from from ADP _ 12 worry case 12 worry worry NOUN Number=Sing 7 feel advcl 13 . . PUNCT _ 7 feel punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 churn a condition, not said to happen present your stomach vn build-26.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent 2 feel present you sick property vn stimulus_subject-30.4 «NP V ADJ»: agent=Stimulus
Meaning 5 To churn out is to make lots of something quickly, often without care.
The tree, 13 words mark parataxis compound:prt cop mark obj case nmod advmod punct advmod case conj punct root To PART churn VERB out ADP is AUX to PART make VERB lots NOUN of ADP something PRON quickly ADV , PUNCT often ADV without ADP care NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 To to PART _ 2 churn mark 2 churn churn VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin 6 make parataxis 3 out out ADP _ 2 churn compound:prt 4 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 make cop 5 to to PART _ 6 make mark 6 make make VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 7 lots lot NOUN Number=Plur 6 make obj 8 of of ADP _ 9 something case 9 something something PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 7 lots nmod 10 quickly quickly ADV _ 6 make advmod 11 , , PUNCT _ 14 care punct 12 often often ADV _ 14 care advmod 13 without without ADP _ 14 care case 14 care care NOUN Number=Sing 6 make conj 15 . . PUNCT _ 6 make punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 churn out to-infinitive vn build-26.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent 2 is present make, quickly property tree rules
Example 1 In the old days, people made butter in a wooden churn.
case det amod obl punct nsubj obj case det amod obl punct root In ADP the DET old ADJ days NOUN , PUNCT people NOUN made VERB butter NOUN in ADP a DET wooden ADJ churn NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 In in ADP _ 4 days case 2 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 4 days det 3 old old ADJ Degree=Pos 4 days amod 4 days day NOUN Number=Plur 7 made obl 5 , , PUNCT _ 4 days punct 6 people people NOUN Number=Plur 7 made nsubj 7 made make VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 8 butter butter NOUN Number=Sing 7 made obj 9 in in ADP _ 12 churn case 10 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 12 churn det 11 wooden wooden ADJ Degree=Pos 12 churn amod 12 churn churn NOUN Number=Sing 7 made obl 13 . . PUNCT _ 7 made punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 make past people butter a wooden churn day vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent butter=Product
Example 2 We shook cream in a jar to churn our own butter.
nsubj obj case det obl mark advcl nmod:poss amod obj punct root We PRON shook VERB cream NOUN in ADP a DET jar NOUN to PART churn VERB our PRON own ADJ butter NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 We we PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs 2 shook nsubj 2 shook shake VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 cream cream NOUN Number=Sing 2 shook obj 4 in in ADP _ 6 jar case 5 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 6 jar det 6 jar jar NOUN Number=Sing 2 shook obl 7 to to PART _ 8 churn mark 8 churn churn VERB VerbForm=Inf 2 shook advcl 9 our our PRON Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 11 butter nmod:poss 10 own own ADJ Degree=Pos 11 butter amod 11 butter butter NOUN Number=Sing 8 churn obj 12 . . PUNCT _ 2 shook punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 shake past We cream a jar vn funnel-9.3-1-1 «NP V NP PP.trajectory»: agent=Agent cream=Theme in jar=Trajectory 2 churn to-infinitive We not said here our own butter vn build-26.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent butter=Product
Example 3 The tractor churned up the muddy field.
det nsubj compound:prt det amod obj punct root The DET tractor NOUN churned VERB up ADP the DET muddy ADJ field NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 tractor det 2 tractor tractor NOUN Number=Sing 3 churned nsubj 3 churned churn VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 up up ADP _ 3 churned compound:prt 5 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 field det 6 muddy muddy ADJ Degree=Pos 7 field amod 7 field field NOUN Number=Sing 3 churned obj 8 . . PUNCT _ 3 churned punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 churn up past the tractor the muddy field vn build-26.1 «NP.material V NP»: agent=Material field=Product
Example 4 The boat's engine churned the water white.
det nmod:poss case nsubj det obj xcomp punct root The DET boat NOUN 's PART engine NOUN churned VERB the DET water NOUN white ADJ . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 boat det 2 boat boat NOUN Number=Sing 4 engine nmod:poss 3 's 's PART _ 2 boat case 4 engine engine NOUN Number=Sing 5 churned nsubj 5 churned churn VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 water det 7 water water NOUN Number=Sing 5 churned obj 8 white white ADJ Degree=Pos 5 churned xcomp 9 . . PUNCT _ 5 churned punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 churn past the boat's engine the water white property vn build-26.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent water=Product
Example 5 My stomach churned before my turn on stage.
nmod:poss nsubj case nmod:poss obl case nmod punct root My PRON stomach NOUN churned VERB before ADP my PRON turn NOUN on ADP stage NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 My my PRON Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 2 stomach nmod:poss 2 stomach stomach NOUN Number=Sing 3 churned nsubj 3 churned churn VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass root root 4 before before ADP _ 6 turn case 5 my my PRON Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 6 turn nmod:poss 6 turn turn NOUN Number=Sing 3 churned obl 7 on on ADP _ 8 stage case 8 stage stage NOUN Number=Sing 6 turn nmod 9 . . PUNCT _ 3 churned punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 churn participle My stomach before my turn on stage vn build-26.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent
Example 6 The waves churned around the rocks.
det nsubj case det obl punct root The DET waves NOUN churned VERB around ADP the DET rocks NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 waves det 2 waves wave NOUN Number=Plur 3 churned nsubj 3 churned churn VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 around around ADP _ 6 rocks case 5 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 6 rocks det 6 rocks rock NOUN Number=Plur 3 churned obl 7 . . PUNCT _ 3 churned punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 churn past the waves the rocks vn build-26.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent
Example 7 The factory churns out thousands of toys a day.
det nsubj compound:prt obj case nmod det obl:unmarked punct root The DET factory NOUN churns VERB out ADP thousands NOUN of ADP toys NOUN a DET day NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 factory det 2 factory factory NOUN Number=Sing 3 churns nsubj 3 churns churn VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 out out ADP _ 3 churns compound:prt 5 thousands thousand NOUN Number=Plur 3 churns obj 6 of of ADP _ 7 toys case 7 toys toy NOUN Number=Plur 5 thousands nmod 8 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 9 day det 9 day day NOUN Number=Sing 3 churns obl:unmarked 10 . . PUNCT _ 3 churns punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 churn out present the factory thousands of toys day vn build-26.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent thousand=Product
Example 8 Farmers carried milk in metal churns.
nsubj obj case compound obl punct root Farmers NOUN carried VERB milk NOUN in ADP metal NOUN churns NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Farmers farmer NOUN Number=Plur 2 carried nsubj 2 carried carry VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 milk milk NOUN Number=Sing 2 carried obj 4 in in ADP _ 6 churns case 5 metal metal NOUN Number=Sing 6 churns compound 6 churns churn NOUN Number=Plur 2 carried obl 7 . . PUNCT _ 2 carried punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 carry past Farmers milk metal churns vn fit-54.3 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent milk=Value in churn=Location
Example 9 "This good, rich milk," she mused, "will give me plenty of cream to churn.
The tree, 14 words punct nsubj amod punct amod ccomp punct punct nsubj punct punct aux conj iobj obj case nmod mark acl punct root " PUNCT This PRON good ADJ , PUNCT rich ADJ milk NOUN , PUNCT " PUNCT she PRON mused VERB , PUNCT " PUNCT will AUX give VERB me PRON plenty NOUN of ADP cream NOUN to PART churn VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 " " PUNCT _ 6 milk punct 2 This this PRON Number=Sing PronType=Dem 6 milk nsubj 3 good good ADJ Degree=Pos 6 milk amod 4 , , PUNCT _ 3 good punct 5 rich rich ADJ Degree=Pos 6 milk amod 6 milk milk NOUN Number=Sing 10 mused ccomp 7 , , PUNCT _ 6 milk punct 8 " " PUNCT _ 10 mused punct 9 she she PRON Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 10 mused nsubj 10 mused muse VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 11 , , PUNCT _ 14 give punct 12 " " PUNCT _ 14 give punct 13 will will AUX VerbForm=Fin 14 give aux 14 give give VERB VerbForm=Inf 10 mused conj 15 me I PRON Case=Acc Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 14 give iobj 16 plenty plenty NOUN Number=Sing 14 give obj 17 of of ADP _ 18 cream case 18 cream cream NOUN Number=Sing 16 plenty nmod 19 to to PART _ 20 churn mark 20 churn churn VERB VerbForm=Inf 16 plenty acl 21 . . PUNCT _ 10 mused punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 milk in a quote This tree rules 2 muse past she vn focus-87.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent 3 give in a quote future she not said here plenty of cream me vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP-Dative NP»: agent=Agent i=Recipient plenty=Theme 4 churn in a quote to-infinitive she not said here plenty of cream not said here vn build-26.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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