circumference
Who acts: circumference, circle, you, ring, rays · What happens: be, have, measure, wrap, find, calculate · To what, where: distance, circle, circumference, 40,000 kilometres, string, tin
«circumference» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: circumference in the school dictionary.
Meaning 1
Usage: maths — kept apart, not parsed.
The distance all the way around the edge of a circle; the perimeter of a circle.
The tree, 16 words
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 2 distance | det |
| 2 | distance | distance | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 way | nsubj |
| 3 | all | all | DET | PronType=Tot | 5 way | det:predet |
| 4 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 5 way | det |
| 5 | way | way | NOUN | Number=Sing | root | root |
| 6 | around | around | ADP | _ | 8 edge | case |
| 7 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 8 edge | det |
| 8 | edge | edge | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 way | nmod |
| 9 | of | of | ADP | _ | 11 circle | case |
| 10 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 11 circle | det |
| 11 | circle | circle | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 edge | nmod |
| 12 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 14 perimeter | punct |
| 13 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 14 perimeter | det |
| 14 | perimeter | perimeter | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 way | conj |
| 15 | of | of | ADP | _ | 17 circle | case |
| 16 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 17 circle | det |
| 17 | circle | circle | NOUN | Number=Sing | 14 perimeter | nmod |
| 18 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 5 way | punct |
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.
Meaning 2
The distance around anything round: the circumference of a tree trunk, of the Earth.
The tree, 14 words
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 2 distance | det |
| 2 | distance | distance | NOUN | Number=Sing | root | root |
| 3 | around | around | ADP | _ | 4 anything | case |
| 4 | anything | anything | PRON | Number=Sing PronType=Ind | 2 distance | nmod |
| 5 | round | round | ADV | _ | 4 anything | advmod |
| 6 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 8 circumference | punct |
| 7 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 8 circumference | det |
| 8 | circumference | circumference | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 distance | conj |
| 9 | of | of | ADP | _ | 12 trunk | case |
| 10 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 12 trunk | det |
| 11 | tree | tree | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 trunk | compound |
| 12 | trunk | trunk | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 circumference | nmod |
| 13 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 16 Earth | punct |
| 14 | of | of | ADP | _ | 16 Earth | case |
| 15 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 16 Earth | det |
| 16 | Earth | Earth | PROPN | Number=Sing | 8 circumference | nmod |
| 17 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 2 distance | punct |
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.
Meaning 3
The edge or boundary of a round area.
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 2 edge | det |
| 2 | edge | edge | NOUN | Number=Sing | root | root |
| 3 | or | or | CCONJ | _ | 4 boundary | cc |
| 4 | boundary | boundary | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 edge | conj |
| 5 | of | of | ADP | _ | 8 area | case |
| 6 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 8 area | det |
| 7 | round | round | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 8 area | amod |
| 8 | area | area | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 edge | nmod |
| 9 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 2 edge | punct |
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.
Example 1
The circumference is the distance around a circle.
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 2 circumference | det |
| 2 | circumference | circumference | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 distance | nsubj |
| 3 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 5 distance | cop |
| 4 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 5 distance | det |
| 5 | distance | distance | NOUN | Number=Sing | root | root |
| 6 | around | around | ADP | _ | 8 circle | case |
| 7 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 8 circle | det |
| 8 | circle | circle | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 distance | nmod |
| 9 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 5 distance | punct |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is a | present | the circumference | the distance | a circle | tree rules |
Example 2
A circle with a diameter of 10 cm has a circumference of about 31.4 cm.
The tree, 15 words
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | A | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 2 circle | det |
| 2 | circle | circle | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 has | nsubj |
| 3 | with | with | ADP | _ | 5 diameter | case |
| 4 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 5 diameter | det |
| 5 | diameter | diameter | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 circle | nmod |
| 6 | of | of | ADP | _ | 8 cm | case |
| 7 | 10 | 10 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 8 cm | nummod |
| 8 | cm | cm | NOUN | Number=Plur | 5 diameter | nmod |
| 9 | has | have | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 10 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 11 circumference | det |
| 11 | circumference | circumference | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 has | obj |
| 12 | of | of | ADP | _ | 15 cm | case |
| 13 | about | about | ADV | _ | 14 31.4 | advmod |
| 14 | 31.4 | 31.4 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 15 cm | nummod |
| 15 | cm | cm | NOUN | Number=Plur | 11 circumference | nmod |
| 16 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 9 has | punct |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | have | present | a circle with a diameter of 10 cm | a circumference of 31.4 cm | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent circumference=Patient |
Example 3
Measure the circumference of a tree with a tape measure.
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Measure | measure | VERB | Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 2 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 3 circumference | det |
| 3 | circumference | circumference | NOUN | Number=Sing | 1 Measure | obj |
| 4 | of | of | ADP | _ | 6 tree | case |
| 5 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 6 tree | det |
| 6 | tree | tree | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 circumference | nmod |
| 7 | with | with | ADP | _ | 10 measure | case |
| 8 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 10 measure | det |
| 9 | tape | tape | NOUN | Number=Sing | 10 measure | compound |
| 10 | measure | measure | NOUN | Number=Sing | 1 Measure | obl |
| 11 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 1 Measure | punct |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | measure | imperative | you not said here | the circumference of a tree | with a tape measure | vn register-54.1-2-1 «NP V NP.value»: agent=Theme circumference=Value |
Example 4
The Earth's circumference is about 40,000 kilometres.
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 2 Earth | det |
| 2 | Earth | Earth | PROPN | Number=Sing | 4 circumference | nmod:poss |
| 3 | 's | 's | PART | _ | 2 Earth | case |
| 4 | circumference | circumference | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 kilometres | nsubj |
| 5 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 8 kilometres | cop |
| 6 | about | about | ADV | _ | 7 40,000 | advmod |
| 7 | 40,000 | 40000 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 8 kilometres | nummod |
| 8 | kilometres | kilometre | NOUN | Number=Plur | root | root |
| 9 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 8 kilometres | punct |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is a | present | the Earth's circumference | 40,000 kilometres | tree rules |
Example 5
Wrap a string around the tin to find its circumference.
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Wrap | wrap | VERB | Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 2 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 3 string | det |
| 3 | string | string | NOUN | Number=Sing | 1 Wrap | obj |
| 4 | around | around | ADP | _ | 6 tin | case |
| 5 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 6 tin | det |
| 6 | tin | tin | NOUN | Number=Sing | 1 Wrap | obl |
| 7 | to | to | PART | _ | 8 find | mark |
| 8 | find | find | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 1 Wrap | advcl |
| 9 | its | its | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 10 circumference | nmod:poss |
| 10 | circumference | circumference | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 find | obj |
| 11 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 1 Wrap | punct |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | wrap | imperative | you not said here | a string | the tin | vn spray-9.7-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent string=Theme around tin=Destination | |||
| 2 | find | to-infinitive | you not said here | tin's circumference | vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent circumference=Topic |
Example 6
(formal) Calculate the circumference given a radius of 7 cm (about 44 cm).
The tree, 13 words
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ( | ( | PUNCT | _ | 2 formal | punct |
| 2 | formal | formal | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 4 Calculate | advcl |
| 3 | ) | ) | PUNCT | _ | 2 formal | punct |
| 4 | Calculate | calculate | VERB | Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 5 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 6 circumference | det |
| 6 | circumference | circumference | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 Calculate | obj |
| 7 | given | give | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 6 circumference | acl |
| 8 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 9 radius | det |
| 9 | radius | radius | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 given | obj |
| 10 | of | of | ADP | _ | 12 cm | case |
| 11 | 7 | 7 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 12 cm | nummod |
| 12 | cm | cm | NOUN | Number=Plur | 9 radius | nmod |
| 13 | ( | ( | PUNCT | _ | 16 cm | punct |
| 14 | about | about | ADV | _ | 15 44 | advmod |
| 15 | 44 | 44 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 16 cm | nummod |
| 16 | cm | cm | NOUN | Number=Plur | 12 cm | appos |
| 17 | ) | ) | PUNCT | _ | 16 cm | punct |
| 18 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 Calculate | punct |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | calculate | imperative | you not said here | the circumference | tree rules | ||||
| 2 | give | participle | the circumference not said here | a radius of 7 cm | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent radius=Theme |
Example 7
Its ring was broad, and from its circumference the rays shot like whirling shafts of fire across the whole sky, flashing in changing radiance from green to red.
The tree, 28 words
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Its | its | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 2 ring | nmod:poss |
| 2 | ring | ring | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 broad | nsubj |
| 3 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 4 broad | cop |
| 4 | broad | broad | ADJ | Degree=Pos | root | root |
| 5 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 12 shot | punct |
| 6 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 12 shot | cc |
| 7 | from | from | ADP | _ | 9 circumference | case |
| 8 | its | its | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 9 circumference | nmod:poss |
| 9 | circumference | circumference | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 shot | obl |
| 10 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 11 rays | det |
| 11 | rays | ray | NOUN | Number=Plur | 12 shot | nsubj |
| 12 | shot | shoot | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 4 broad | parataxis |
| 13 | like | like | SCONJ | _ | 14 whirling | mark |
| 14 | whirling | whirl | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 12 shot | advcl |
| 15 | shafts | shaft | NOUN | Number=Plur | 14 whirling | obj |
| 16 | of | of | ADP | _ | 17 fire | case |
| 17 | fire | fire | NOUN | Number=Sing | 15 shafts | nmod |
| 18 | across | across | ADP | _ | 21 sky | case |
| 19 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 21 sky | det |
| 20 | whole | whole | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 21 sky | amod |
| 21 | sky | sky | NOUN | Number=Sing | 14 whirling | obl |
| 22 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 23 flashing | punct |
| 23 | flashing | flash | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 14 whirling | conj |
| 24 | in | in | SCONJ | _ | 25 changing | mark |
| 25 | changing | change | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 23 flashing | advcl |
| 26 | radiance | radiance | NOUN | Number=Sing | 25 changing | obj |
| 27 | from | from | ADP | _ | 28 green | case |
| 28 | green | green | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 25 changing | obl |
| 29 | to | to | ADP | _ | 30 red | case |
| 30 | red | red | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 25 changing | obl |
| 31 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 broad | punct |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is | past | Its ring | broad property | tree rules | ||||
| 2 | shoot | past | the rays | ring's circumference | vn throw-17.1-1 «NP V NP PP.initial_location»: agent=Agent from circumference=Initial_Location | ||||
| 3 | whirl | gerund | the rays not said here | shafts of fire | the whole sky | vn coil-9.6 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent shaft=Theme across sky=Destination | |||
| 4 | flash | gerund | the rays not said here | vn light_emission-43.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | |||||
| 5 | change | gerund | the rays not said here | radiance | green | to red | tree rules |
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/C/circumference/