circus Who acts: circus, several streets, kitchen, We, circus tent, 275 seats · What happens: travel, be, train, meet, go, see · To what, where: travelling show, round open place, noisy situation, circus, juggler, 400 people
«circus» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: circus in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 A circus is a travelling show, often in a big tent, with acrobats, clowns, jugglers and sometimes trained animals.
The tree, 19 words det nsubj cop det amod punct advmod case det amod conj punct case parataxis punct conj punct conj cc advmod amod conj punct root A DET circus NOUN is AUX a DET travelling VERB show NOUN , PUNCT often ADV in ADP a DET big ADJ tent NOUN , PUNCT with ADP acrobats NOUN , PUNCT clowns NOUN , PUNCT jugglers NOUN and CCONJ sometimes ADV trained VERB animals NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 circus det 2 circus circus NOUN Number=Sing 6 show nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 show cop 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 6 show det 5 travelling travel VERB VerbForm=Ger 6 show amod 6 show show NOUN Number=Sing root root 7 , , PUNCT _ 12 tent punct 8 often often ADV _ 12 tent advmod 9 in in ADP _ 12 tent case 10 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 12 tent det 11 big big ADJ Degree=Pos 12 tent amod 12 tent tent NOUN Number=Sing 6 show conj 13 , , PUNCT _ 15 acrobats punct 14 with with ADP _ 15 acrobats case 15 acrobats acrobat NOUN Number=Plur 6 show parataxis 16 , , PUNCT _ 17 clowns punct 17 clowns clown NOUN Number=Plur 15 acrobats conj 18 , , PUNCT _ 19 jugglers punct 19 jugglers juggler NOUN Number=Plur 15 acrobats conj 20 and and CCONJ _ 23 animals cc 21 sometimes sometimes ADV PronType=Ind 22 trained advmod 22 trained train VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 23 animals amod 23 animals animal NOUN Number=Plur 15 acrobats conj 24 . . PUNCT _ 6 show punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 travel gerund vn run-51.3.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme 2 is a present a circus a travelling show and a big tent tree rules 3 train participle sometimes property vn hire-13.5.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 Usage: UK — kept apart, not parsed.
A circus is a round open place where several streets meet, as in Piccadilly Circus in London.
The tree, 17 words det nsubj cop det amod amod advmod amod nsubj acl:relcl punct case case compound obl case nmod punct root A DET circus NOUN is AUX a DET round ADJ open ADJ place NOUN where ADV several ADJ streets NOUN meet VERB , PUNCT as ADP in ADP Piccadilly PROPN Circus PROPN in ADP London PROPN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 circus det 2 circus circus NOUN Number=Sing 7 place nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 7 place cop 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 7 place det 5 round round ADJ Degree=Pos 7 place amod 6 open open ADJ Degree=Pos 7 place amod 7 place place NOUN Number=Sing root root 8 where where ADV PronType=Rel 11 meet advmod 9 several several ADJ Degree=Pos 10 streets amod 10 streets street NOUN Number=Plur 11 meet nsubj 11 meet meet VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 7 place acl:relcl 12 , , PUNCT _ 16 Circus punct 13 as as ADP _ 16 Circus case 14 in in ADP _ 16 Circus case 15 Piccadilly Piccadilly PROPN Number=Sing 16 Circus compound 16 Circus Circus PROPN Number=Sing 11 meet obl 17 in in ADP _ 18 London case 18 London London PROPN Number=Sing 16 Circus nmod 19 . . PUNCT _ 7 place punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present a circus a round open place tree rules 2 meet present several streets as Piccadilly Circus in London vn meet-36.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
Meaning 3 Usage: informal — kept apart, not parsed.
A circus is a noisy, messy or silly situation: «The kitchen was a circus this morning.».
The tree, 16 words det nsubj cop det amod punct conj cc conj punct punct det nsubj cop det appos det obl:unmarked punct punct punct root A DET circus NOUN is AUX a DET noisy ADJ , PUNCT messy ADJ or CCONJ silly ADJ situation NOUN : PUNCT « PUNCT The DET kitchen NOUN was AUX a DET circus NOUN this DET morning NOUN . PUNCT » PUNCT . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 circus det 2 circus circus NOUN Number=Sing 10 situation nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 10 situation cop 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 10 situation det 5 noisy noisy ADJ Degree=Pos 10 situation amod 6 , , PUNCT _ 7 messy punct 7 messy messy ADJ Degree=Pos 5 noisy conj 8 or or CCONJ _ 9 silly cc 9 silly silly ADJ Degree=Pos 5 noisy conj 10 situation situation NOUN Number=Sing root root 11 : : PUNCT _ 10 situation punct 12 « « PUNCT _ 17 circus punct 13 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 14 kitchen det 14 kitchen kitchen NOUN Number=Sing 17 circus nsubj 15 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 17 circus cop 16 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 17 circus det 17 circus circus NOUN Number=Sing 10 situation appos 18 this this DET Number=Sing PronType=Dem 19 morning det 19 morning morning NOUN Number=Sing 17 circus obl:unmarked 20 . . PUNCT _ 17 circus punct 21 » » PUNCT _ 17 circus punct 22 . . PUNCT _ 10 situation punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present a circus a noisy situation tree rules 2 is a in a quote past the kitchen a circus morning tree rules
Example 1 We went to the circus and saw a juggler.
nsubj case det obl cc conj det obj punct root We PRON went VERB to ADP the DET circus NOUN and CCONJ saw VERB a DET juggler NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 We we PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs 2 went nsubj 2 went go VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 to to ADP _ 5 circus case 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 5 circus det 5 circus circus NOUN Number=Sing 2 went obl 6 and and CCONJ _ 7 saw cc 7 saw see VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 2 went conj 8 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 9 juggler det 9 juggler juggler NOUN Number=Sing 7 saw obj 10 . . PUNCT _ 2 went punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 go past We the circus vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial_location»: agent=Theme to circus=Initial_Location 2 see past We not said here a juggler vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer juggler=Stimulus
Example 2 The circus tent holds 400 people; 275 seats are full — how many are empty?
The tree, 14 words det amod nsubj nummod obj punct nummod nsubj cop parataxis punct advmod nsubj cop conj punct root The DET circus ADJ tent NOUN holds VERB 400 NUM people NOUN ; PUNCT 275 NUM seats NOUN are AUX full ADJ — PUNCT how ADV many ADJ are AUX empty ADJ ? PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 tent det 2 circus circus ADJ Degree=Pos 3 tent amod 3 tent tent NOUN Number=Sing 4 holds nsubj 4 holds hold VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 5 400 400 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 6 people nummod 6 people people NOUN Number=Plur 4 holds obj 7 ; ; PUNCT _ 11 full punct 8 275 275 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 9 seats nummod 9 seats seat NOUN Number=Plur 11 full nsubj 10 are be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 11 full cop 11 full full ADJ Degree=Pos 4 holds parataxis 12 — - PUNCT _ 16 empty punct 13 how how ADV PronType=Int 14 many advmod 14 many many ADJ Degree=Pos 16 empty nsubj 15 are be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 16 empty cop 16 empty empty ADJ Degree=Pos 11 full conj 17 ? ? PUNCT _ 4 holds punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 hold present the circus tent 400 people vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent people=Theme 2 is present 275 seats full property tree rules 3 is present many empty property tree rules
Example 3 The clown fell over and everyone laughed.
det nsubj advmod cc nsubj conj punct root The DET clown NOUN fell VERB over ADV and CCONJ everyone PRON laughed VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 clown det 2 clown clown NOUN Number=Sing 3 fell nsubj 3 fell fall VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 over over ADV _ 3 fell advmod 5 and and CCONJ _ 7 laughed cc 6 everyone everyone PRON Number=Sing PronType=Tot 7 laughed nsubj 7 laughed laugh VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 3 fell conj 8 . . PUNCT _ 3 fell punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 fall over past the clown over property vn occur-48.3 «NP V»: agent=Theme 2 laugh past everyone vn nonverbal_expression-40.2 «NP V»: agent=Agent
Example 4 Piccadilly Circus is busy with traffic.
compound nsubj cop case obl punct root Piccadilly PROPN Circus PROPN is AUX busy ADJ with ADP traffic NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Piccadilly Piccadilly PROPN Number=Sing 2 Circus compound 2 Circus Circus PROPN Number=Sing 4 busy nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 busy cop 4 busy busy ADJ Degree=Pos root root 5 with with ADP _ 6 traffic case 6 traffic traffic NOUN Number=Sing 4 busy obl 7 . . PUNCT _ 4 busy punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is present Piccadilly Circus with traffic; busy property tree rules
Example 5 With five kids and a dog, breakfast is a circus.
case nummod cc det conj punct nsubj cop det conj punct root With ADP five NUM kids NOUN and CCONJ a DET dog NOUN , PUNCT breakfast NOUN is AUX a DET circus NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 With with ADP _ 3 kids case 2 five five NUM NumForm=Word NumType=Card 3 kids nummod 3 kids kid NOUN Number=Plur root root 4 and and CCONJ _ 6 dog cc 5 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 6 dog det 6 dog dog NOUN Number=Sing 3 kids conj 7 , , PUNCT _ 11 circus punct 8 breakfast breakfast NOUN Number=Sing 11 circus nsubj 9 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 11 circus cop 10 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 11 circus det 11 circus circus NOUN Number=Sing 3 kids conj 12 . . PUNCT _ 3 kids punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present breakfast a circus tree rules
Example 6 The circus came to town for a week.
det nsubj case obl case det obl punct root The DET circus NOUN came VERB to ADP town NOUN for ADP a DET week NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 circus det 2 circus circus NOUN Number=Sing 3 came nsubj 3 came come VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 to to ADP _ 5 town case 5 town town NOUN Number=Sing 3 came obl 6 for for ADP _ 8 week case 7 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 8 week det 8 week week NOUN Number=Sing 3 came obl 9 . . PUNCT _ 3 came punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 come past the circus town week vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial_location»: agent=Theme to town=Initial_Location
Example 7 I’d much rather go back to Kansas with you and be in a circus again.”
The tree, 16 words nsubj advmod advmod ccomp advmod case obl case obl cc cop case det conj advmod punct punct root I PRON ’d VERB much ADV rather ADV go VERB back ADV to ADP Kansas PROPN with ADP you PRON and CCONJ be AUX in ADP a DET circus NOUN again ADV . PUNCT ” PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 I I PRON Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 2 ’d nsubj 2 ’d have VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 much much ADV _ 5 go advmod 4 rather rather ADV _ 5 go advmod 5 go go VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin 2 ’d ccomp 6 back back ADV _ 5 go advmod 7 to to ADP _ 8 Kansas case 8 Kansas Kansas PROPN Number=Sing 5 go obl 9 with with ADP _ 10 you case 10 you you PRON Case=Acc Person=2 PronType=Prs 5 go obl 11 and and CCONJ _ 15 circus cc 12 be be AUX VerbForm=Inf 15 circus cop 13 in in ADP _ 15 circus case 14 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 15 circus det 15 circus circus NOUN Number=Sing 5 go conj 16 again again ADV _ 15 circus advmod 17 . . PUNCT _ 2 ’d punct 18 ” " PUNCT _ 2 ’d punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 have past I tree rules 2 go back infinitive I not said here Kansas with you vn convert-26.6.2 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Patient to kansas=Result 3 is infinitive I not said here a circus again tree rules
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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