citation Who acts: reference, information, official written statement, ticket, fact, your · What happens: quote, tell, come, write, praise, appear · To what, where: words, book, reader, author, someone, court · Speech: someone speaks here
«citation» in the school dictionary: its 4 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: citation in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 A line of words quoted from a book, speech or writer (a quotation).
The tree, 13 words det case nmod acl case det obl punct conj cc conj punct det appos punct punct root A DET line NOUN of ADP words NOUN quoted VERB from ADP a DET book NOUN , PUNCT speech NOUN or CCONJ writer NOUN ( PUNCT a DET quotation NOUN ) PUNCT . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 line det 2 line line NOUN Number=Sing root root 3 of of ADP _ 4 words case 4 words word NOUN Number=Plur 2 line nmod 5 quoted quote VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 4 words acl 6 from from ADP _ 8 book case 7 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 8 book det 8 book book NOUN Number=Sing 5 quoted obl 9 , , PUNCT _ 10 speech punct 10 speech speech NOUN Number=Sing 8 book conj 11 or or CCONJ _ 12 writer cc 12 writer writer NOUN Number=Sing 10 speech conj 13 ( ( PUNCT _ 15 quotation punct 14 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 15 quotation det 15 quotation quotation NOUN Number=Sing 12 writer appos 16 ) ) PUNCT _ 15 quotation punct 17 . . PUNCT _ 2 line punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 quote speech: other participle words not said here a book and speech or writer vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 A reference that tells the reader exactly where information came from (author, title, page, website).
The tree, 15 words det nsubj acl:relcl det iobj advmod advmod nsubj ccomp case punct obl punct appos punct conj punct conj punct punct root A DET reference NOUN that PRON tells VERB the DET reader NOUN exactly ADV where ADV information NOUN came VERB from ADP ( PUNCT author NOUN , PUNCT title NOUN , PUNCT page NOUN , PUNCT website NOUN ) PUNCT . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 reference det 2 reference reference NOUN Number=Sing root root 3 that that PRON PronType=Rel 4 tells nsubj 4 tells tell VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 2 reference acl:relcl 5 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 6 reader det 6 reader reader NOUN Number=Sing 4 tells iobj 7 exactly exactly ADV _ 8 where advmod 8 where where ADV PronType=Rel 10 came advmod 9 information information NOUN Number=Sing 10 came nsubj 10 came come VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 4 tells ccomp 11 from from ADP _ 13 author case 12 ( ( PUNCT _ 13 author punct 13 author author NOUN Number=Sing 10 came obl 14 , , PUNCT _ 15 title punct 15 title title NOUN Number=Sing 13 author appos 16 , , PUNCT _ 17 page punct 17 page page NOUN Number=Sing 15 title conj 18 , , PUNCT _ 19 website punct 19 website website NOUN Number=Sing 15 title conj 20 ) ) PUNCT _ 15 title punct 21 . . PUNCT _ 2 reference punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 tell speech: assert present a reference the reader vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP what S»: agent=Agent reader=Recipient clause=Topic 2 come past information author vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial_location»: agent=Theme from author=Initial_Location
Meaning 3 An official written statement praising someone, for example for bravery.
det amod amod acl obj punct case obl case nmod punct root An DET official ADJ written VERB statement NOUN praising VERB someone PRON , PUNCT for ADP example NOUN for ADP bravery NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 An a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 4 statement det 2 official official ADJ Degree=Pos 4 statement amod 3 written write VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 4 statement amod 4 statement statement NOUN Number=Sing root root 5 praising praise VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 4 statement acl 6 someone someone PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 5 praising obj 7 , , PUNCT _ 9 example punct 8 for for ADP _ 9 example case 9 example example NOUN Number=Sing 5 praising obl 10 for for ADP _ 11 bravery case 11 bravery bravery NOUN Number=Sing 9 example nmod 12 . . PUNCT _ 4 statement punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 write participle vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent 2 praise gerund a official written statement not said here someone for example for bravery vn judgment-33.1-1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Agent someone=Theme for example=Attribute
Meaning 4 Usage: law, US — kept apart, not parsed.
An official order to appear in court or a ticket for breaking a rule, such as a parking ticket.
The tree, 19 words det amod mark acl case obl cc det conj mark acl det obj punct case fixed det compound appos punct root An DET official ADJ order NOUN to PART appear VERB in ADP court NOUN or CCONJ a DET ticket NOUN for SCONJ breaking VERB a DET rule NOUN , PUNCT such ADJ as ADP a DET parking NOUN ticket NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 An a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 3 order det 2 official official ADJ Degree=Pos 3 order amod 3 order order NOUN Number=Sing root root 4 to to PART _ 5 appear mark 5 appear appear VERB VerbForm=Inf 3 order acl 6 in in ADP _ 7 court case 7 court court NOUN Number=Sing 5 appear obl 8 or or CCONJ _ 10 ticket cc 9 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 10 ticket det 10 ticket ticket NOUN Number=Sing 7 court conj 11 for for SCONJ _ 12 breaking mark 12 breaking break VERB VerbForm=Ger 10 ticket acl 13 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 14 rule det 14 rule rule NOUN Number=Sing 12 breaking obj 15 , , PUNCT _ 20 ticket punct 16 such such ADJ Degree=Pos ExtPos=ADP 20 ticket case 17 as as ADP _ 16 such fixed 18 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 20 ticket det 19 parking parking NOUN Number=Sing 20 ticket compound 20 ticket ticket NOUN Number=Sing 14 rule appos 21 . . PUNCT _ 3 order punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 appear to-infinitive court or a ticket vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in court=Location 2 break gerund a ticket not said here a rule vn hurt-40.8.3-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer rule=Patient
Example 1 Every fact in your project needs a citation.
det nsubj case nmod:poss nmod det obj punct root Every DET fact NOUN in ADP your PRON project NOUN needs VERB a DET citation NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Every every DET PronType=Tot 2 fact det 2 fact fact NOUN Number=Sing 6 needs nsubj 3 in in ADP _ 5 project case 4 your your PRON Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 5 project nmod:poss 5 project project NOUN Number=Sing 2 fact nmod 6 needs need VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 7 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 8 citation det 8 citation citation NOUN Number=Sing 6 needs obj 9 . . PUNCT _ 6 needs punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 need present every fact in your project a citation vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Pivot citation=Theme 2 project your nom project «act transitive»: poss=agent
Example 2 The essay began with a citation from Martin Luther King Jr.
det nsubj case det obl case nmod flat nmod:desc flat root The DET essay NOUN began VERB with ADP a DET citation NOUN from ADP Martin PROPN Luther PROPN King PROPN Jr. PROPN The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 essay det 2 essay essay NOUN Number=Sing 3 began nsubj 3 began begin VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 with with ADP _ 6 citation case 5 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 6 citation det 6 citation citation NOUN Number=Sing 3 began obl 7 from from ADP _ 8 Martin case 8 Martin Martin PROPN Number=Sing 6 citation nmod 9 Luther Luther PROPN Number=Sing 8 Martin flat 10 King King PROPN Number=Sing 11 Jr. nmod:desc 11 Jr. Jr. PROPN Number=Sing 8 Martin flat
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 begin past the essay with a citation from Martin vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V PP.subeventuality»: agent=Eventuality with citation=Subeventuality
Example 3 The firefighter received a citation for bravery.
det nsubj det obj case nmod punct root The DET firefighter NOUN received VERB a DET citation NOUN for ADP bravery NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 firefighter det 2 firefighter firefighter NOUN Number=Sing 3 received nsubj 3 received receive VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 citation det 5 citation citation NOUN Number=Sing 3 received obj 6 for for ADP _ 7 bravery case 7 bravery bravery NOUN Number=Sing 5 citation nmod 8 . . PUNCT _ 3 received punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 receive past the firefighter a citation for bravery vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent citation=Theme
Example 4 The police officer gave the driver a citation for speeding.
det compound nsubj det iobj det obj case nmod punct root The DET police NOUN officer NOUN gave VERB the DET driver NOUN a DET citation NOUN for ADP speeding NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 officer det 2 police police NOUN Number=Sing 3 officer compound 3 officer officer NOUN Number=Sing 4 gave nsubj 4 gave give VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 5 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 6 driver det 6 driver driver NOUN Number=Sing 4 gave iobj 7 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 8 citation det 8 citation citation NOUN Number=Sing 4 gave obj 9 for for ADP _ 10 speeding case 10 speeding speeding NOUN Number=Sing 8 citation nmod 11 . . PUNCT _ 4 gave punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 give past the police officer a citation the driver for speeding vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP NP PP.asset»: agent=Agent driver=Recipient citation=Theme for speeding=Asset
Example 5 The citation listed the author, the year and the page.
det nsubj det obj punct det conj cc det conj punct root The DET citation NOUN listed VERB the DET author NOUN , PUNCT the DET year NOUN and CCONJ the DET page NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 citation det 2 citation citation NOUN Number=Sing 3 listed nsubj 3 listed list VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 5 author det 5 author author NOUN Number=Sing 3 listed obj 6 , , PUNCT _ 8 year punct 7 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 8 year det 8 year year NOUN Number=Sing 5 author conj 9 and and CCONJ _ 11 page cc 10 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 11 page det 11 page page NOUN Number=Sing 5 author conj 12 . . PUNCT _ 3 listed punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 list past the citation the author and the year and the page tree rules
Example 6 Copying without a citation is called plagiarism.
csubj:pass case det obl aux:pass xcomp punct root Copying VERB without ADP a DET citation NOUN is AUX called VERB plagiarism NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Copying copy VERB VerbForm=Ger 6 called csubj:pass 2 without without ADP _ 4 citation case 3 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 4 citation det 4 citation citation NOUN Number=Sing 1 Copying obl 5 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 called aux:pass 6 called call VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass root root 7 plagiarism plagiarism NOUN Number=Sing 6 called xcomp 8 . . PUNCT _ 6 called punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 copy gerund without a citation vn scribble-25.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent 2 call speech: assert present · passive Copying plagiarism vn initiate_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V»
Example 7 Scientists count how many citations their papers get.
nsubj advmod amod nsubj nmod:poss obj ccomp punct root Scientists NOUN count VERB how ADV many ADJ citations NOUN their PRON papers NOUN get VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Scientists scientist NOUN Number=Plur 2 count nsubj 2 count count VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 how how ADV PronType=Int 4 many advmod 4 many many ADJ Degree=Pos 5 citations amod 5 citations citation NOUN Number=Plur 8 get nsubj 6 their their PRON Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 7 papers nmod:poss 7 papers paper NOUN Number=Plur 5 citations obj 8 get get VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 2 count ccomp 9 . . PUNCT _ 2 count punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 count present Scientists vn characterize-29.2 «NP V NP to be ADJ»: agent=Agent clause=Attribute 2 get present many citations vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Experiencer
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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