city Who acts: city, many people, people, two cities, train, it · What happens: be, live, work, mean, give, have · To what, where: large town, people, town, countries, cathedral, 45,000 people · Speech: someone speaks here
«city» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 10 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: city in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 A city is a very large town where many people live and work.
det nsubj cop det advmod amod advmod amod nsubj acl:relcl cc conj punct root A DET city NOUN is AUX a DET very ADV large ADJ town NOUN where ADV many ADJ people NOUN live VERB and CCONJ work VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 city det 2 city city NOUN Number=Sing 7 town nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 7 town cop 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 7 town det 5 very very ADV _ 6 large advmod 6 large large ADJ Degree=Pos 7 town amod 7 town town NOUN Number=Sing root root 8 where where ADV PronType=Rel 11 live advmod 9 many many ADJ Degree=Pos 10 people amod 10 people people NOUN Number=Plur 11 live nsubj 11 live live VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 7 town acl:relcl 12 and and CCONJ _ 13 work cc 13 work work VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 11 live conj 14 . . PUNCT _ 7 town punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present a city a large town tree rules 2 live present many people vn exist-47.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme 3 work present many people not said here vn employment-95.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 The city can mean the people who live there.
det nsubj aux det obj nsubj acl:relcl advmod punct root The DET city NOUN can AUX mean VERB the DET people NOUN who PRON live VERB there ADV . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 city det 2 city city NOUN Number=Sing 4 mean nsubj 3 can can AUX VerbForm=Fin 4 mean aux 4 mean mean VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 5 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 6 people det 6 people people NOUN Number=Plur 4 mean obj 7 who who PRON PronType=Rel 8 live nsubj 8 live live VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 people acl:relcl 9 there there ADV PronType=Dem 8 live advmod 10 . . PUNCT _ 4 mean punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 mean can the city the people vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent people=Topic 2 live present the people there vn exist-47.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
Meaning 3 In some countries a city is a town that has been given that special title, often because it has a cathedral.
The tree, 21 words case det obl det nsubj cop det obj aux aux:pass acl:relcl det amod obj punct advmod mark nsubj conj det obj punct root In ADP some DET countries NOUN a DET city NOUN is AUX a DET town NOUN that PRON has AUX been AUX given VERB that DET special ADJ title NOUN , PUNCT often ADV because SCONJ it PRON has VERB a DET cathedral NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 In in ADP _ 3 countries case 2 some some DET PronType=Ind 3 countries det 3 countries country NOUN Number=Plur 8 town obl 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 city det 5 city city NOUN Number=Sing 8 town nsubj 6 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 8 town cop 7 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 8 town det 8 town town NOUN Number=Sing root root 9 that that PRON PronType=Rel 12 given obj 10 has have AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 12 given aux 11 been be AUX Tense=Past VerbForm=Part 12 given aux:pass 12 given give VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 8 town acl:relcl 13 that that DET Number=Sing PronType=Dem 15 title det 14 special special ADJ Degree=Pos 15 title amod 15 title title NOUN Number=Sing 12 given obj 16 , , PUNCT _ 20 has punct 17 often often ADV _ 20 has advmod 18 because because SCONJ _ 20 has mark 19 it it PRON Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 20 has nsubj 20 has have VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 12 given conj 21 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 22 cathedral det 22 cathedral cathedral NOUN Number=Sing 20 has obj 23 . . PUNCT _ 8 town punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present a city a town some countries tree rules 2 give present · perfect · passive a town vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP-Dative NP»: that=Recipient title=Theme 3 have present city a cathedral often property vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent cathedral=Patient
Example 1 The city has 45,000 people.
det nsubj nummod obj punct root The DET city NOUN has VERB 45,000 NUM people NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 city det 2 city city NOUN Number=Sing 3 has nsubj 3 has have VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 45,000 45,000 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 5 people nummod 5 people people NOUN Number=Plur 3 has obj 6 . . PUNCT _ 3 has punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 have present the city 45,000 people vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent people=Patient
Example 2 The two cities are 120 miles apart.
det nummod nsubj cop nummod advmod punct root The DET two NUM cities NOUN are AUX 120 NUM miles NOUN apart ADV . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 cities det 2 two two NUM NumForm=Word NumType=Card 3 cities nummod 3 cities city NOUN Number=Plur 6 miles nsubj 4 are be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 miles cop 5 120 120 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 6 miles nummod 6 miles mile NOUN Number=Plur root root 7 apart apart ADV _ 6 miles advmod 8 . . PUNCT _ 6 miles punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present the two cities 120 miles apart property tree rules
Example 3 A train goes from one city to another.
det nsubj case nummod obl case nmod punct root A DET train NOUN goes VERB from ADP one NUM city NOUN to ADP another DET . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 train det 2 train train NOUN Number=Sing 3 goes nsubj 3 goes go VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 from from ADP _ 6 city case 5 one one NUM NumForm=Word NumType=Card 6 city nummod 6 city city NOUN Number=Sing 3 goes obl 7 to to ADP _ 8 another case 8 another another DET PronType=Ind 6 city nmod 9 . . PUNCT _ 3 goes punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 go present a train one city to another vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme from city=Initial_Location
Example 4 How far is it to the city?
advmod cop nsubj case det obl punct root How ADV far ADV is AUX it PRON to ADP the DET city NOUN ? PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 How how ADV PronType=Int 2 far advmod 2 far far ADV Degree=Pos root root 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 2 far cop 4 it it PRON Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 2 far nsubj 5 to to ADP _ 7 city case 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 city det 7 city city NOUN Number=Sing 2 far obl 8 ? ? PUNCT _ 2 far punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is present it to the city; far property tree rules
Example 5 London is the capital city of the United Kingdom.
nsubj cop det amod case det flat nmod punct root London PROPN is AUX the DET capital ADJ city NOUN of ADP the DET United PROPN Kingdom PROPN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 London London PROPN Number=Sing 5 city nsubj 2 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 city cop 3 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 5 city det 4 capital capital ADJ Degree=Pos 5 city amod 5 city city NOUN Number=Sing root root 6 of of ADP _ 9 Kingdom case 7 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 9 Kingdom det 8 United United PROPN _ 9 Kingdom flat 9 Kingdom Kingdom PROPN Number=Sing 5 city nmod 10 . . PUNCT _ 5 city punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present London the capital city of the United Kingdom tree rules
Example 6 We visited a museum in the city centre.
nsubj det obj case det compound obl punct root We PRON visited VERB a DET museum NOUN in ADP the DET city NOUN centre NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 We we PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs 2 visited nsubj 2 visited visit VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 4 museum det 4 museum museum NOUN Number=Sing 2 visited obj 5 in in ADP _ 8 centre case 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 8 centre det 7 city city NOUN Number=Sing 8 centre compound 8 centre centre NOUN Number=Sing 2 visited obl 9 . . PUNCT _ 2 visited punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 visit past We a museum the city centre vn meet-36.3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent museum=Co-Agent
Example 7 Many people in the city take the bus or the subway to work.
amod nsubj case det nmod det obj cc det conj mark acl punct root Many ADJ people NOUN in ADP the DET city NOUN take VERB the DET bus NOUN or CCONJ the DET subway NOUN to PART work VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Many many ADJ Degree=Pos 2 people amod 2 people people NOUN Number=Plur 6 take nsubj 3 in in ADP _ 5 city case 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 5 city det 5 city city NOUN Number=Sing 2 people nmod 6 take take VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 7 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 8 bus det 8 bus bus NOUN Number=Sing 6 take obj 9 or or CCONJ _ 11 subway cc 10 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 11 subway det 11 subway subway NOUN Number=Sing 8 bus conj 12 to to PART _ 13 work mark 13 work work VERB VerbForm=Inf 11 subway acl 14 . . PUNCT _ 6 take punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 take infinitive Many people in the city the bus or the subway vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent bus=Theme 2 work to-infinitive Many people in the city not said here vn employment-95.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent
Example 8 At night the city lights shine for miles.
case obl det compound nsubj case obl punct root At ADP night NOUN the DET city NOUN lights NOUN shine VERB for ADP miles NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 At at ADP _ 2 night case 2 night night NOUN Number=Sing 6 shine obl 3 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 5 lights det 4 city city NOUN Number=Sing 5 lights compound 5 lights light NOUN Number=Plur 6 shine nsubj 6 shine shine VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 7 for for ADP _ 8 miles case 8 miles mile NOUN Number=Plur 6 shine obl 9 . . PUNCT _ 6 shine punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 shine present the city lights night for miles vn light_emission-43.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
Example 9 Sydney is the biggest city in Australia.
nsubj cop det amod case nmod punct root Sydney PROPN is AUX the DET biggest ADJ city NOUN in ADP Australia PROPN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Sydney Sydney PROPN Number=Sing 5 city nsubj 2 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 city cop 3 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 5 city det 4 biggest big ADJ Degree=Sup 5 city amod 5 city city NOUN Number=Sing root root 6 in in ADP _ 7 Australia case 7 Australia Australia PROPN Number=Sing 5 city nmod 8 . . PUNCT _ 5 city punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present Sydney the biggest city Australia tree rules
Example 10 “Where is this city?” asked Dorothy.
punct advmod cop det nsubj punct punct iobj punct root “ PUNCT Where ADV is AUX this DET city NOUN ? PUNCT ” PUNCT asked VERB Dorothy PROPN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 “ " PUNCT _ 8 asked punct 2 Where where ADV PronType=Rel 5 city advmod 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 city cop 4 this this DET Number=Sing PronType=Dem 5 city det 5 city city NOUN Number=Sing 8 asked nsubj 6 ? ? PUNCT _ 5 city punct 7 ” " PUNCT _ 5 city punct 8 asked ask VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 9 Dorothy Dorothy PROPN Number=Sing 8 asked iobj 10 . . PUNCT _ 8 asked punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a in a quote present this city tree rules 2 ask speech: ask past this city Dorothy vn inquire-37.1.2 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent dorothy=Recipient
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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