clams Who acts: Clams, hinge, We, Clam chowder, giant clams, teacher · What happens: be, join, live, eat, clam up, mean · To what, where: shellfish, two hard shells, sand, Clams, shyness, dollars · Speech: someone speaks here
«clams» in the school dictionary: its 4 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: clams in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 Clams are shellfish with two hard shells joined by a hinge, which live in sand or mud.
The tree, 17 words nsubj cop case nummod amod nmod acl case det obl punct nsubj acl:relcl case obl cc conj punct root Clams NOUN are AUX shellfish NOUN with ADP two NUM hard ADJ shells NOUN joined VERB by ADP a DET hinge NOUN , PUNCT which PRON live VERB in ADP sand NOUN or CCONJ mud NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Clams clam NOUN Number=Plur 3 shellfish nsubj 2 are be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 3 shellfish cop 3 shellfish shellfish NOUN Number=Plur root root 4 with with ADP _ 7 shells case 5 two two NUM NumForm=Word NumType=Card 7 shells nummod 6 hard hard ADJ Degree=Pos 7 shells amod 7 shells shell NOUN Number=Plur 3 shellfish nmod 8 joined join VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 7 shells acl 9 by by ADP _ 11 hinge case 10 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 11 hinge det 11 hinge hinge NOUN Number=Sing 8 joined obl 12 , , PUNCT _ 14 live punct 13 which which PRON PronType=Rel 14 live nsubj 14 live live VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 11 hinge acl:relcl 15 in in ADP _ 16 sand case 16 sand sand NOUN Number=Sing 14 live obl 17 or or CCONJ _ 18 mud cc 18 mud mud NOUN Number=Sing 16 sand conj 19 . . PUNCT _ 3 shellfish punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present Clams shellfish with two hard shells tree rules 2 join participle two hard shells not said here by a hinge vn mix-22.1-2-1 «NP V»: agent=Patient 3 live present a hinge sand or mud vn lodge-46 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in sand=Location
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 Clams are eaten as food, as in clam chowder.
nsubj:pass aux:pass case obl punct case case compound conj punct root Clams NOUN are AUX eaten VERB as ADP food NOUN , PUNCT as ADP in ADP clam NOUN chowder NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Clams clam NOUN Number=Plur 3 eaten nsubj:pass 2 are be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 3 eaten aux:pass 3 eaten eat VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass root root 4 as as ADP _ 5 food case 5 food food NOUN Number=Sing 3 eaten obl 6 , , PUNCT _ 10 chowder punct 7 as as ADP _ 10 chowder case 8 in in ADP _ 10 chowder case 9 clam clam NOUN Number=Sing 10 chowder compound 10 chowder chowder NOUN Number=Sing 3 eaten conj 11 . . PUNCT _ 3 eaten punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 eat present · passive Clams as food vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient
Meaning 3 To clam up means to suddenly stop talking, often from shyness or fear.
The tree, 13 words mark nsubj compound:prt mark advmod ccomp xcomp punct advmod case obl cc conj punct root To PART clam VERB up ADP means VERB to PART suddenly ADV stop VERB talking VERB , PUNCT often ADV from ADP shyness NOUN or CCONJ fear NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 To to PART _ 2 clam mark 2 clam clam VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin 4 means nsubj 3 up up ADP _ 2 clam compound:prt 4 means mean VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 5 to to PART _ 7 stop mark 6 suddenly suddenly ADV _ 7 stop advmod 7 stop stop VERB VerbForm=Inf 4 means ccomp 8 talking talk VERB VerbForm=Ger 7 stop xcomp 9 , , PUNCT _ 12 shyness punct 10 often often ADV _ 12 shyness advmod 11 from from ADP _ 12 shyness case 12 shyness shyness NOUN Number=Sing 8 talking obl 13 or or CCONJ _ 14 fear cc 14 fear fear NOUN Number=Sing 12 shyness conj 15 . . PUNCT _ 4 means punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 clam up to-infinitive vn berry-13.7 «NP V»: agent=Agent 2 mean present vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 3 stop not said to happen to-infinitive suddenly property vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Affector clause=Eventuality 4 talk gerund shyness or fear vn talk-37.5 «NP V»: agent=Agent
Meaning 4 Usage: US slang, old — kept apart, not parsed.
Clams can mean dollars.
nsubj aux obj punct root Clams NOUN can AUX mean VERB dollars NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Clams clam NOUN Number=Plur 3 mean nsubj 2 can can AUX VerbForm=Fin 3 mean aux 3 mean mean VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 4 dollars dollar NOUN Number=Plur 3 mean obj 5 . . PUNCT _ 3 mean punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 mean can Clams dollars vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent dollar=Topic
Example 1 We dug for clams at low tide.
nsubj case obl case amod obl punct root We PRON dug VERB for ADP clams NOUN at ADP low ADJ tide NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 We we PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs 2 dug nsubj 2 dug dig VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 for for ADP _ 4 clams case 4 clams clam NOUN Number=Plur 2 dug obl 5 at at ADP _ 7 tide case 6 low low ADJ Degree=Pos 7 tide amod 7 tide tide NOUN Number=Sing 2 dug obl 8 . . PUNCT _ 2 dug punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 dig past We low tide for clams vn hunt-35.1 «NP V PP.theme PP.location»: agent=Agent for clam=Theme at tide=Location
Example 2 Clam chowder is a creamy soup.
compound nsubj cop det amod punct root Clam NOUN chowder NOUN is AUX a DET creamy ADJ soup NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Clam clam NOUN Number=Sing 2 chowder compound 2 chowder chowder NOUN Number=Sing 6 soup nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 soup cop 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 6 soup det 5 creamy creamy ADJ Degree=Pos 6 soup amod 6 soup soup NOUN Number=Sing root root 7 . . PUNCT _ 6 soup punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present Clam chowder a creamy soup tree rules
Example 3 The giant clams on the reef were bigger than me.
det amod nsubj case det nmod cop case obl punct root The DET giant ADJ clams NOUN on ADP the DET reef NOUN were AUX bigger ADJ than ADP me PRON . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 clams det 2 giant giant ADJ Degree=Pos 3 clams amod 3 clams clam NOUN Number=Plur 8 bigger nsubj 4 on on ADP _ 6 reef case 5 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 6 reef det 6 reef reef NOUN Number=Sing 3 clams nmod 7 were be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 8 bigger cop 8 bigger big ADJ Degree=Cmp root root 9 than than ADP _ 10 me case 10 me I PRON Case=Acc Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 8 bigger obl 11 . . PUNCT _ 8 bigger punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is past the giant clams on the reef than me; big property tree rules
Example 4 When the teacher asked, he clammed up.
advmod det nsubj advcl punct nsubj compound:prt punct root When ADV the DET teacher NOUN asked VERB , PUNCT he PRON clammed VERB up ADP . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 When when ADV PronType=Int 4 asked advmod 2 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 teacher det 3 teacher teacher NOUN Number=Sing 4 asked nsubj 4 asked ask VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 7 clammed advcl 5 , , PUNCT _ 4 asked punct 6 he he PRON Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 7 clammed nsubj 7 clammed clam VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 8 up up ADP _ 7 clammed compound:prt 9 . . PUNCT _ 7 clammed punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 ask speech: ask past the teacher vn inquire-37.1.2 «NP V»: agent=Agent 2 clam up past teacher vn berry-13.7 «NP V»: agent=Agent
Example 5 Clams breathe through gills.
nsubj case obl punct root Clams NOUN breathe VERB through ADP gills NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Clams clam NOUN Number=Plur 2 breathe nsubj 2 breathe breathe VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 through through ADP _ 4 gills case 4 gills gill NOUN Number=Plur 2 breathe obl 5 . . PUNCT _ 2 breathe punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 breathe present Clams gills vn breathe-40.1.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
Example 6 That bike cost fifty clams! (slang)
Sentence 1: That bike cost fifty clams!
det nsubj nummod obj punct root That DET bike NOUN cost VERB fifty NUM clams NOUN ! PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 That that DET Number=Sing PronType=Dem 2 bike det 2 bike bike NOUN Number=Sing 3 cost nsubj 3 cost cost VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 fifty fifty NUM NumForm=Word NumType=Card 5 clams nummod 5 clams clam NOUN Number=Plur 3 cost obj 6 ! ! PUNCT _ 3 cost punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 cost present that bike fifty clams vn cost-54.2 «NP V NP.value»: agent=Theme clam=Value
Sentence 2: (slang)
punct punct root ( PUNCT slang NOUN ) PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 ( ( PUNCT _ 2 slang punct 2 slang slang NOUN Number=Sing root root 3 ) ) PUNCT _ 2 slang punct
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.
Example 7 A dish of venison, however, was no unacceptable meal to them, especially after feeding so long on oysters and clams.
The tree, 20 words det nsubj case nmod punct advmod punct cop det amod case nmod punct advmod mark acl advmod advmod case obl cc conj punct root A DET dish NOUN of ADP venison NOUN , PUNCT however ADV , PUNCT was AUX no DET unacceptable ADJ meal NOUN to ADP them PRON , PUNCT especially ADV after SCONJ feeding VERB so ADV long ADV on ADP oysters NOUN and CCONJ clams NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 dish det 2 dish dish NOUN Number=Sing 11 meal nsubj 3 of of ADP _ 4 venison case 4 venison venison NOUN Number=Sing 2 dish nmod 5 , , PUNCT _ 2 dish punct 6 however however ADV _ 11 meal advmod 7 , , PUNCT _ 6 however punct 8 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 11 meal cop 9 no no DET PronType=Neg 11 meal det 10 unacceptable unacceptable ADJ Degree=Pos 11 meal amod 11 meal meal NOUN Number=Sing root root 12 to to ADP _ 13 them case 13 them they PRON Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs 11 meal nmod 14 , , PUNCT _ 17 feeding punct 15 especially especially ADV _ 17 feeding advmod 16 after after SCONJ _ 17 feeding mark 17 feeding feed VERB VerbForm=Ger 11 meal acl 18 so so ADV _ 19 long advmod 19 long long ADV Degree=Pos 17 feeding advmod 20 on on ADP _ 21 oysters case 21 oysters oyster NOUN Number=Plur 17 feeding obl 22 and and CCONJ _ 23 clams cc 23 clams clam NOUN Number=Plur 21 oysters conj 24 . . PUNCT _ 11 meal punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a past a dish of venison no unacceptable meal them = they however property tree rules 2 feed gerund no unacceptable meal not said here on oysters and clams; especially, long property vn gorge-39.6 «NP V PP.patient»: agent=Agent on oyster=Patient
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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