cleft

Who acts: cleft, you, goat, Snow, We · What happens: be, split, jump, lie, hide · To what, where: narrow crack, rock, cleft, mountain clefts

«cleft» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 3 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: cleft in the school dictionary.

Meaning 1

A cleft is a narrow crack or split in rock or ground, often deep.

The tree, 14 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	2 cleft	det
2	cleft	cleft	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 crack	nsubj
3	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	6 crack	cop
4	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	6 crack	det
5	narrow	narrow	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 crack	amod
6	crack	crack	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
7	or	or	CCONJ	_	8 split	cc
8	split	split	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	6 crack	conj
9	in	in	ADP	_	10 rock	case
10	rock	rock	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 split	obl
11	or	or	CCONJ	_	12 ground	cc
12	ground	ground	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 rock	conj
13	,	,	PUNCT	_	15 deep	punct
14	often	often	ADV	_	15 deep	advmod
15	deep	deep	ADJ	Degree=Pos	10 rock	amod
16	.	.	PUNCT	_	6 crack	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is a	present	a cleft	a narrow crack					tree rules
2	split	participle	a cleft not said here			rock or ground			vn break-45.1 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Meaning 2

Usage: old use — kept apart, not parsed.

Split open, as in a cleft stick.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Split	split	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	open	open	ADJ	Degree=Pos	1 Split	xcomp
3	,	,	PUNCT	_	8 stick	punct
4	as	as	ADP	_	8 stick	case
5	in	in	ADP	_	8 stick	case
6	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	8 stick	det
7	cleft	cleft	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 stick	compound
8	stick	stick	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Split	obl
9	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Split	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	split	imperative	you not said here					as a cleft stick; open property	vn break-45.1 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient

Example 1

The goat jumped across the cleft in the rock.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 goat	det
2	goat	goat	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 jumped	nsubj
3	jumped	jump	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	across	across	ADP	_	6 cleft	case
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 cleft	det
6	cleft	cleft	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 jumped	obl
7	in	in	ADP	_	9 rock	case
8	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	9 rock	det
9	rock	rock	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 jumped	obl
10	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 jumped	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	jump	past	the goat			the cleft		in the rock	vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme across cleft=Trajectory

Example 2

Snow lay in the mountain clefts.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Snow	snow	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 lay	nsubj
2	lay	lie	VERB	Mood=Ind Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	in	in	ADP	_	6 clefts	case
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 clefts	det
5	mountain	mountain	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 clefts	compound
6	clefts	cleft	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 lay	obl
7	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 lay	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	lie	past	Snow			the mountain clefts			vn assuming_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent in cleft=Location

Example 3

We hid in a cleft in the cliff.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	We	we	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs	2 hid	nsubj
2	hid	hide	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	in	in	ADP	_	5 cleft	case
4	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	5 cleft	det
5	cleft	cleft	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 hid	obl
6	in	in	ADP	_	8 cliff	case
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 cliff	det
8	cliff	cliff	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 hid	obl
9	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 hid	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	hide	past	We			a cleft		in the cliff	vn concealment-16-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent in cleft=Location

Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/C/cleft/