coal Who acts: Coal, Steam trains, Burning, Miners, Santa, we · What happens: be, burn, give, make, glow, form · To what, where: hard black rock, heat, electricity, one burning, piece, fire · Speech: someone speaks here
«coal» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: coal in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 Coal is a hard black rock that is burned as fuel to give heat or make electricity.
The tree, 17 words nsubj cop det amod amod nsubj:pass aux:pass acl:relcl case obl mark advcl obj cc conj obj punct root Coal NOUN is AUX a DET hard ADJ black ADJ rock NOUN that PRON is AUX burned VERB as ADP fuel NOUN to PART give VERB heat NOUN or CCONJ make VERB electricity NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Coal coal NOUN Number=Sing 6 rock nsubj 2 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 rock cop 3 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 6 rock det 4 hard hard ADJ Degree=Pos 6 rock amod 5 black black ADJ Degree=Pos 6 rock amod 6 rock rock NOUN Number=Sing root root 7 that that PRON PronType=Rel 9 burned nsubj:pass 8 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 9 burned aux:pass 9 burned burn VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 6 rock acl:relcl 10 as as ADP _ 11 fuel case 11 fuel fuel NOUN Number=Sing 9 burned obl 12 to to PART _ 13 give mark 13 give give VERB VerbForm=Inf 9 burned advcl 14 heat heat NOUN Number=Sing 13 give obj 15 or or CCONJ _ 16 make cc 16 make make VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 13 give conj 17 electricity electricity NOUN Number=Sing 16 make obj 18 . . PUNCT _ 6 rock punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present Coal a hard black rock tree rules 2 burn present · passive a hard black rock as fuel vn light_emission-43.1 «NP V NP.theme»: subject=Theme 3 give to-infinitive heat vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent heat=Theme 4 make present electricity vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset electricity=Product
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 A coal is one burning or glowing piece of coal or wood in a fire.
The tree, 15 words det nsubj cop nummod cc conj obj case nmod cc conj case det obl punct root A DET coal NOUN is AUX one NUM burning NOUN or CCONJ glowing VERB piece NOUN of ADP coal NOUN or CCONJ wood NOUN in ADP a DET fire NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 coal det 2 coal coal NOUN Number=Sing 5 burning nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 burning cop 4 one one NUM NumForm=Word NumType=Card 5 burning nummod 5 burning burning NOUN Number=Sing root root 6 or or CCONJ _ 7 glowing cc 7 glowing glow VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 5 burning conj 8 piece piece NOUN Number=Sing 7 glowing obj 9 of of ADP _ 10 coal case 10 coal coal NOUN Number=Sing 8 piece nmod 11 or or CCONJ _ 12 wood cc 12 wood wood NOUN Number=Sing 8 piece conj 13 in in ADP _ 15 fire case 14 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 15 fire det 15 fire fire NOUN Number=Sing 7 glowing obl 16 . . PUNCT _ 5 burning punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present a coal one burning tree rules 2 glow gerund a coal not said here piece of coal or wood a fire vn light_emission-43.1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent piece=Theme
Example 1 Coal is a fossil fuel.
nsubj cop det compound punct root Coal NOUN is AUX a DET fossil NOUN fuel NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Coal coal NOUN Number=Sing 5 fuel nsubj 2 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 fuel cop 3 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 fuel det 4 fossil fossil NOUN Number=Sing 5 fuel compound 5 fuel fuel NOUN Number=Sing root root 6 . . PUNCT _ 5 fuel punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present Coal a fossil fuel tree rules
Example 2 Steam trains burned coal.
compound nsubj obj punct root Steam NOUN trains NOUN burned VERB coal NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Steam steam NOUN Number=Sing 2 trains compound 2 trains train NOUN Number=Plur 3 burned nsubj 3 burned burn VERB Mood=Ind Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 coal coal NOUN Number=Sing 3 burned obj 5 . . PUNCT _ 3 burned punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 burn past Steam trains coal vn light_emission-43.1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent coal=Theme
Example 3 The coal glowed red in the fireplace.
det nsubj xcomp case det obl punct root The DET coal NOUN glowed VERB red ADJ in ADP the DET fireplace NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 coal det 2 coal coal NOUN Number=Sing 3 glowed nsubj 3 glowed glow VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 red red ADJ Degree=Pos 3 glowed xcomp 5 in in ADP _ 7 fireplace case 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 fireplace det 7 fireplace fireplace NOUN Number=Sing 3 glowed obl 8 . . PUNCT _ 3 glowed punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 glow past the coal the fireplace red property vn light_emission-43.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in fireplace=Location
Example 4 Coal formed from ancient plants.
nsubj case amod obl punct root Coal NOUN formed VERB from ADP ancient ADJ plants NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Coal coal NOUN Number=Sing 2 formed nsubj 2 formed form VERB Mood=Ind Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 from from ADP _ 5 plants case 4 ancient ancient ADJ Degree=Pos 5 plants amod 5 plants plant NOUN Number=Plur 2 formed obl 6 . . PUNCT _ 2 formed punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 form past Coal ancient plants vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
Example 5 Burning coal releases carbon dioxide.
csubj obj compound obj punct root Burning VERB coal NOUN releases VERB carbon NOUN dioxide NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Burning burn VERB VerbForm=Ger 3 releases csubj 2 coal coal NOUN Number=Sing 1 Burning obj 3 releases release VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 carbon carbon NOUN Number=Sing 5 dioxide compound 5 dioxide dioxide NOUN Number=Sing 3 releases obj 6 . . PUNCT _ 3 releases punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 burn gerund coal vn light_emission-43.1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent coal=Theme 2 release present Burning carbon dioxide vn free-10.6.3-1 «NP V NP S_ING»: agent=Causer dioxide=Source
Example 6 Miners dug coal deep underground.
nsubj obl:unmarked advmod advmod punct root Miners NOUN dug VERB coal NOUN deep ADJ underground ADV . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Miners miner NOUN Number=Plur 2 dug nsubj 2 dug dig VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 coal coal NOUN Number=Sing 4 deep obl:unmarked 4 deep deep ADJ Degree=Pos 2 dug advmod 5 underground underground ADV _ 4 deep advmod 6 . . PUNCT _ 2 dug punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 dig past Miners vn create-26.4-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
Example 7 Santa leaves a lump of coal for naughty children, in the story.
nsubj det obj case nmod case amod obl punct case det conj punct root Santa PROPN leaves VERB a DET lump NOUN of ADP coal NOUN for ADP naughty ADJ children NOUN , PUNCT in ADP the DET story NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Santa Santa PROPN Number=Sing 2 leaves nsubj 2 leaves leave VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 4 lump det 4 lump lump NOUN Number=Sing 2 leaves obj 5 of of ADP _ 6 coal case 6 coal coal NOUN Number=Sing 4 lump nmod 7 for for ADP _ 9 children case 8 naughty naughty ADJ Degree=Pos 9 children amod 9 children child NOUN Number=Plur 2 leaves obl 10 , , PUNCT _ 13 story punct 11 in in ADP _ 13 story case 12 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 13 story det 13 story story NOUN Number=Sing 2 leaves conj 14 . . PUNCT _ 2 leaves punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 leave present Santa a lump of coal for naughty children vn fulfilling-13.4.1 «NP V NP PP.recipient»: agent=Agent lump=Theme for child=Recipient
Example 8 ‘But what are we to do now?’ said the coal.
punct cc obj cop nsubj mark parataxis advmod punct punct det obj punct root ‘ PUNCT But CCONJ what PRON are AUX we PRON to PART do VERB now ADV ? PUNCT ’ PUNCT said VERB the DET coal NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 ‘ ' PUNCT _ 11 said punct 2 But but CCONJ _ 7 do cc 3 what what PRON PronType=Int 7 do obj 4 are be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 7 do cop 5 we we PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs 7 do nsubj 6 to to PART _ 7 do mark 7 do do VERB VerbForm=Inf 11 said parataxis 8 now now ADV PronType=Dem 7 do advmod 9 ? ? PUNCT _ 7 do punct 10 ’ ' PUNCT _ 7 do punct 11 said say VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 12 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 13 coal det 13 coal coal NOUN Number=Sing 11 said obj 14 . . PUNCT _ 11 said punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is present we now do property tree rules 2 say speech: assert past the coal vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent coal=Topic
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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