cockchafer Who acts: large brown European beetle, that, fat white grub, cockchafer, grubs, years · What happens: call, fly, live, eat, bump, have · To what, where: May bug, soil, plant roots, cockchafer, window, shaped feelers · Speech: someone speaks here
«cockchafer» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: cockchafer in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 A large brown European beetle, also called a May bug or doodlebug, that flies clumsily on spring evenings and buzzes loudly.
The tree, 21 words det amod amod amod punct advmod acl det compound xcomp cc conj punct nsubj conj advmod case compound obl cc conj advmod punct root A DET large ADJ brown ADJ European ADJ beetle NOUN , PUNCT also ADV called VERB a DET May PROPN bug NOUN or CCONJ doodlebug NOUN , PUNCT that PRON flies VERB clumsily ADV on ADP spring NOUN evenings NOUN and CCONJ buzzes NOUN loudly ADV . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 beetle det 2 large large ADJ Degree=Pos 5 beetle amod 3 brown brown ADJ Degree=Pos 5 beetle amod 4 European European ADJ Degree=Pos 5 beetle amod 5 beetle beetle NOUN Number=Sing root root 6 , , PUNCT _ 8 called punct 7 also also ADV _ 8 called advmod 8 called call VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 5 beetle acl 9 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 11 bug det 10 May May PROPN Number=Sing 11 bug compound 11 bug bug NOUN Number=Sing 8 called xcomp 12 or or CCONJ _ 13 doodlebug cc 13 doodlebug doodlebug NOUN Number=Sing 11 bug conj 14 , , PUNCT _ 16 flies punct 15 that that PRON PronType=Rel 16 flies nsubj 16 flies fly VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 beetle conj 17 clumsily clumsily ADV _ 16 flies advmod 18 on on ADP _ 20 evenings case 19 spring spring NOUN Number=Sing 20 evenings compound 20 evenings evening NOUN Number=Plur 16 flies obl 21 and and CCONJ _ 22 buzzes cc 22 buzzes buzz NOUN Number=Plur 20 evenings conj 23 loudly loudly ADV _ 16 flies advmod 24 . . PUNCT _ 5 beetle punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 call participle a large brown European beetle not said here a May bug or doodlebug vn initiate_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent 2 fly present that evening clumsily, loudly property vn spatial_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 Its young, a fat white grub that lives in the soil and eats plant roots.
The tree, 15 words nmod:poss punct det amod amod appos nsubj acl:relcl case det obl cc conj compound obj punct root Its PRON young NOUN , PUNCT a DET fat ADJ white ADJ grub NOUN that PRON lives VERB in ADP the DET soil NOUN and CCONJ eats VERB plant NOUN roots NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Its its PRON Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 2 young nmod:poss 2 young young NOUN Number=Sing root root 3 , , PUNCT _ 7 grub punct 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 7 grub det 5 fat fat ADJ Degree=Pos 7 grub amod 6 white white ADJ Degree=Pos 7 grub amod 7 grub grub NOUN Number=Sing 2 young appos 8 that that PRON PronType=Rel 9 lives nsubj 9 lives live VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 7 grub acl:relcl 10 in in ADP _ 12 soil case 11 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 12 soil det 12 soil soil NOUN Number=Sing 9 lives obl 13 and and CCONJ _ 14 eats cc 14 eats eat VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 9 lives conj 15 plant plant NOUN Number=Sing 16 roots compound 16 roots root NOUN Number=Plur 14 eats obj 17 . . PUNCT _ 2 young punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 live present a fat white grub the soil vn lodge-46 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in soil=Location 2 eat present a fat white grub not said here plant roots vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent root=Patient
Example 1 A cockchafer bumped against our window in the evening.
det acl case nmod:poss obl case det obl punct root A DET cockchafer NOUN bumped VERB against ADP our PRON window NOUN in ADP the DET evening NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 cockchafer det 2 cockchafer cockchafer NOUN Number=Sing root root 3 bumped bump VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 2 cockchafer acl 4 against against ADP _ 6 window case 5 our our PRON Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 6 window nmod:poss 6 window window NOUN Number=Sing 3 bumped obl 7 in in ADP _ 9 evening case 8 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 9 evening det 9 evening evening NOUN Number=Sing 3 bumped obl 10 . . PUNCT _ 2 cockchafer punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 bump participle a cockchafer not said here our window evening vn bump-18.4-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme against window=Location
Example 2 The cockchafer has fan-shaped feelers.
det nsubj compound punct amod obj punct root The DET cockchafer NOUN has VERB fan NOUN - PUNCT shaped VERB feelers NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 cockchafer det 2 cockchafer cockchafer NOUN Number=Sing 3 has nsubj 3 has have VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 fan fan NOUN Number=Sing 6 shaped compound 5 - - PUNCT _ 4 fan punct 6 shaped shape VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 7 feelers amod 7 feelers feeler NOUN Number=Plur 3 has obj 8 . . PUNCT _ 3 has punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 have present the cockchafer shaped feelers vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent feeler=Patient 2 shape participle vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset
Example 3 Its grubs live underground for years eating roots.
nmod:poss nsubj advmod case obl acl obj punct root Its PRON grubs NOUN live VERB underground ADV for ADP years NOUN eating VERB roots NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Its its PRON Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 2 grubs nmod:poss 2 grubs grub NOUN Number=Plur 3 live nsubj 3 live live VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 underground underground ADV _ 3 live advmod 5 for for ADP _ 6 years case 6 years year NOUN Number=Plur 3 live obl 7 eating eat VERB VerbForm=Ger 6 years acl 8 roots root NOUN Number=Plur 7 eating obj 9 . . PUNCT _ 3 live punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 live present Its grubs year underground property vn exist-47.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme 2 eat gerund years not said here roots vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent root=Patient
Example 4 People also call the cockchafer a May bug.
nsubj advmod det obj det compound xcomp punct root People NOUN also ADV call VERB the DET cockchafer NOUN a DET May PROPN bug NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 People people NOUN Number=Plur 3 call nsubj 2 also also ADV _ 3 call advmod 3 call call VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 5 cockchafer det 5 cockchafer cockchafer NOUN Number=Sing 3 call obj 6 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 8 bug det 7 May May PROPN Number=Sing 8 bug compound 8 bug bug NOUN Number=Sing 3 call xcomp 9 . . PUNCT _ 3 call punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 call present People the cockchafer vn initiate_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent cockchafer=Recipient
Example 5 The cockchafer buzzed loudly and flew in a wobbly line.
det nsubj advmod cc conj case det amod obl punct root The DET cockchafer NOUN buzzed VERB loudly ADV and CCONJ flew VERB in ADP a DET wobbly ADJ line NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 cockchafer det 2 cockchafer cockchafer NOUN Number=Sing 3 buzzed nsubj 3 buzzed buzz VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 loudly loudly ADV _ 3 buzzed advmod 5 and and CCONJ _ 6 flew cc 6 flew fly VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 3 buzzed conj 7 in in ADP _ 10 line case 8 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 10 line det 9 wobbly wobbly ADJ Degree=Pos 10 line amod 10 line line NOUN Number=Sing 6 flew obl 11 . . PUNCT _ 3 buzzed punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 buzz past the cockchafer loudly property vn animal_sounds-38 «NP V»: agent=Agent 2 fly past the cockchafer not said here a wobbly line vn spatial_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in line=Location
Example 6 Farmers once thought cockchafers were a pest because the grubs ate crops.
nsubj advmod nsubj cop det ccomp mark det nsubj ccomp obj punct root Farmers NOUN once ADV thought VERB cockchafers NOUN were AUX a DET pest NOUN because SCONJ the DET grubs NOUN ate VERB crops NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Farmers farmer NOUN Number=Plur 3 thought nsubj 2 once once ADV NumForm=Word NumType=Mult 3 thought advmod 3 thought think VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 cockchafers cockchafer NOUN Number=Plur 7 pest nsubj 5 were be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 7 pest cop 6 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 7 pest det 7 pest pest NOUN Number=Sing 3 thought ccomp 8 because because SCONJ _ 11 ate mark 9 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 10 grubs det 10 grubs grub NOUN Number=Plur 11 ate nsubj 11 ate eat VERB Mood=Ind Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 3 thought ccomp 12 crops crop NOUN Number=Plur 11 ate obj 13 . . PUNCT _ 3 thought punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 think speech: other past Farmers once property vn consider-29.9-2 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent clause=Theme 2 is a past cockchafers a pest tree rules 3 eat past the grubs crops vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent crop=Patient
Example 7 We drew the life cycle of the cockchafer in science.
nsubj det compound obj case det nmod case nmod punct root We PRON drew VERB the DET life NOUN cycle NOUN of ADP the DET cockchafer NOUN in ADP science NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 We we PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs 2 drew nsubj 2 drew draw VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 5 cycle det 4 life life NOUN Number=Sing 5 cycle compound 5 cycle cycle NOUN Number=Sing 2 drew obj 6 of of ADP _ 8 cockchafer case 7 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 8 cockchafer det 8 cockchafer cockchafer NOUN Number=Sing 5 cycle nmod 9 in in ADP _ 10 science case 10 science science NOUN Number=Sing 8 cockchafer nmod 11 . . PUNCT _ 2 drew punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 draw past We the life cycle of the cockchafer in science vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent cycle=Theme
Example 8 When older, she would take cockchafers and beetles, and stick pins through them.
The tree, 13 words advmod punct nsubj aux parataxis obj cc conj punct cc conj obj case obl punct root When ADV older ADJ , PUNCT she PRON would AUX take VERB cockchafers NOUN and CCONJ beetles NOUN , PUNCT and CCONJ stick VERB pins NOUN through ADP them PRON . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 When when ADV PronType=Int 2 older advmod 2 older old ADJ Degree=Cmp root root 3 , , PUNCT _ 6 take punct 4 she she PRON Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 6 take nsubj 5 would would AUX VerbForm=Fin 6 take aux 6 take take VERB VerbForm=Inf 2 older parataxis 7 cockchafers cockchafer NOUN Number=Plur 6 take obj 8 and and CCONJ _ 9 beetles cc 9 beetles beetle NOUN Number=Plur 7 cockchafers conj 10 , , PUNCT _ 12 stick punct 11 and and CCONJ _ 12 stick cc 12 stick stick VERB VerbForm=Inf 6 take conj 13 pins pin NOUN Number=Plur 12 stick obj 14 through through ADP _ 15 them case 15 them they PRON Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs 12 stick obl 16 . . PUNCT _ 2 older punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 take would she cockchafers and beetles vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent cockchafer=Theme 2 stick infinitive she not said here pins through pins = pin vn spray-9.7-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent pin=Theme through they=Destination
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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