cocoa Who acts: Cocoa, hot drink, Cocoa beans, Mum, you, Fair trade cocoa · What happens: be, make, roast, use, flavour, call · To what, where: brown powder, roasted cacao beans, chocolate drinks, cakes, hot drink, powder · Speech: someone speaks here
«cocoa» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: cocoa in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 Cocoa is a brown powder made from roasted cacao beans, used to make chocolate drinks and to flavour cakes.
The tree, 19 words nsubj cop det amod acl case amod compound obl punct acl mark advcl compound obj cc mark conj obj punct root Cocoa NOUN is AUX a DET brown ADJ powder NOUN made VERB from ADP roasted VERB cacao NOUN beans NOUN , PUNCT used VERB to PART make VERB chocolate NOUN drinks NOUN and CCONJ to PART flavour VERB cakes NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Cocoa cocoa NOUN Number=Sing 5 powder nsubj 2 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 powder cop 3 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 powder det 4 brown brown ADJ Degree=Pos 5 powder amod 5 powder powder NOUN Number=Sing root root 6 made make VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 5 powder acl 7 from from ADP _ 10 beans case 8 roasted roast VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 10 beans amod 9 cacao cacao NOUN Number=Sing 10 beans compound 10 beans bean NOUN Number=Plur 6 made obl 11 , , PUNCT _ 12 used punct 12 used use VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 10 beans acl 13 to to PART _ 14 make mark 14 make make VERB VerbForm=Inf 12 used advcl 15 chocolate chocolate NOUN Number=Sing 16 drinks compound 16 drinks drink NOUN Number=Plur 14 make obj 17 and and CCONJ _ 19 flavour cc 18 to to PART _ 19 flavour mark 19 flavour flavour VERB VerbForm=Inf 14 make conj 20 cakes cake NOUN Number=Plur 19 flavour obj 21 . . PUNCT _ 5 powder punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present Cocoa a brown powder tree rules 2 make participle a brown powder not said here roasted cacao beans vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V PP»: agent=Asset from bean=Material 3 roast participle vn cooking-45.3 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient 4 use participle roasted cacao beans not said here vn eat-39.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent 5 make to-infinitive chocolate drinks vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset drink=Product 6 flavour to-infinitive cakes tree rules
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 Cocoa is a hot drink made from this powder with milk or water, also called hot chocolate.
The tree, 17 words nsubj cop det amod acl case det obl case nmod cc conj punct advmod acl amod xcomp punct root Cocoa NOUN is AUX a DET hot ADJ drink NOUN made VERB from ADP this DET powder NOUN with ADP milk NOUN or CCONJ water NOUN , PUNCT also ADV called VERB hot ADJ chocolate NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Cocoa cocoa NOUN Number=Sing 5 drink nsubj 2 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 drink cop 3 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 drink det 4 hot hot ADJ Degree=Pos 5 drink amod 5 drink drink NOUN Number=Sing root root 6 made make VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 5 drink acl 7 from from ADP _ 9 powder case 8 this this DET Number=Sing PronType=Dem 9 powder det 9 powder powder NOUN Number=Sing 6 made obl 10 with with ADP _ 11 milk case 11 milk milk NOUN Number=Sing 9 powder nmod 12 or or CCONJ _ 13 water cc 13 water water NOUN Number=Sing 9 powder conj 14 , , PUNCT _ 16 called punct 15 also also ADV _ 16 called advmod 16 called call VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 5 drink acl 17 hot hot ADJ Degree=Pos 18 chocolate amod 18 chocolate chocolate NOUN Number=Sing 16 called xcomp 19 . . PUNCT _ 5 drink punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present Cocoa a hot drink tree rules 2 make participle a hot drink not said here this powder with milk or water vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V PP»: agent=Asset from powder=Material 3 call participle a hot drink not said here hot chocolate vn initiate_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
Meaning 3 Cocoa beans grow in pods on the cacao tree in hot tropical countries.
compound nsubj case obl case det compound obl case amod amod obl punct root Cocoa NOUN beans NOUN grow VERB in ADP pods NOUN on ADP the DET cacao NOUN tree NOUN in ADP hot ADJ tropical ADJ countries NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Cocoa cocoa NOUN Number=Sing 2 beans compound 2 beans bean NOUN Number=Plur 3 grow nsubj 3 grow grow VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 in in ADP _ 5 pods case 5 pods pod NOUN Number=Plur 3 grow obl 6 on on ADP _ 9 tree case 7 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 9 tree det 8 cacao cacao NOUN Number=Sing 9 tree compound 9 tree tree NOUN Number=Sing 3 grow obl 10 in in ADP _ 13 countries case 11 hot hot ADJ Degree=Pos 13 countries amod 12 tropical tropical ADJ Degree=Pos 13 countries amod 13 countries country NOUN Number=Plur 3 grow obl 14 . . PUNCT _ 3 grow punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 grow present Cocoa beans pods on the cacao tree; in hot tropical countries vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in pod=Location
Example 1 Mum made us a mug of hot cocoa.
nsubj obj det obj case amod nmod punct root Mum NOUN made VERB us PRON a DET mug NOUN of ADP hot ADJ cocoa NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Mum mum NOUN Number=Sing 2 made nsubj 2 made make VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 us we PRON Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs 2 made obj 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 mug det 5 mug mug NOUN Number=Sing 2 made obj 6 of of ADP _ 8 cocoa case 7 hot hot ADJ Degree=Pos 8 cocoa amod 8 cocoa cocoa NOUN Number=Sing 5 mug nmod 9 . . PUNCT _ 2 made punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 make past Mum a mug of hot cocoa us vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP NP»: agent=Asset we=Beneficiary mug=Product
Example 2 Add two spoons of cocoa powder to the cake mix.
nummod obj case compound nmod case det compound obl punct root Add VERB two NUM spoons NOUN of ADP cocoa NOUN powder NOUN to ADP the DET cake NOUN mix NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Add add VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 2 two two NUM NumForm=Word NumType=Card 3 spoons nummod 3 spoons spoon NOUN Number=Plur 1 Add obj 4 of of ADP _ 6 powder case 5 cocoa cocoa NOUN Number=Sing 6 powder compound 6 powder powder NOUN Number=Sing 3 spoons nmod 7 to to ADP _ 10 mix case 8 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 10 mix det 9 cake cake NOUN Number=Sing 10 mix compound 10 mix mix NOUN Number=Sing 1 Add obl 11 . . PUNCT _ 1 Add punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 add speech: assert imperative you not said here two spoons of cocoa powder to the cake mix vn mix-22.1-2 «NP V NP PP.co-patient»: agent=Agent spoon=Patient to mix=Co-Patient
Example 3 Cocoa beans grow in big pods on trees.
compound nsubj case amod obl case nmod punct root Cocoa NOUN beans NOUN grow VERB in ADP big ADJ pods NOUN on ADP trees NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Cocoa cocoa NOUN Number=Sing 2 beans compound 2 beans bean NOUN Number=Plur 3 grow nsubj 3 grow grow VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 in in ADP _ 6 pods case 5 big big ADJ Degree=Pos 6 pods amod 6 pods pod NOUN Number=Plur 3 grow obl 7 on on ADP _ 8 trees case 8 trees tree NOUN Number=Plur 6 pods nmod 9 . . PUNCT _ 3 grow punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 grow present Cocoa beans big pods on trees vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in pod=Location
Example 4 Chocolate is made from cocoa beans.
nsubj:pass aux:pass case compound obl punct root Chocolate NOUN is AUX made VERB from ADP cocoa NOUN beans NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Chocolate chocolate NOUN Number=Sing 3 made nsubj:pass 2 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 3 made aux:pass 3 made make VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass root root 4 from from ADP _ 6 beans case 5 cocoa cocoa NOUN Number=Sing 6 beans compound 6 beans bean NOUN Number=Plur 3 made obl 7 . . PUNCT _ 3 made punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 make present · passive Chocolate cocoa beans vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V PP»: subject=Product from bean=Material
Example 5 Most cocoa is grown in West Africa.
amod nsubj:pass aux:pass case compound obl punct root Most ADJ cocoa NOUN is AUX grown VERB in ADP West PROPN Africa PROPN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Most most ADJ Degree=Sup 2 cocoa amod 2 cocoa cocoa NOUN Number=Sing 4 grown nsubj:pass 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 grown aux:pass 4 grown grow VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass root root 5 in in ADP _ 7 Africa case 6 West West PROPN Number=Sing 7 Africa compound 7 Africa Africa PROPN Number=Sing 4 grown obl 8 . . PUNCT _ 4 grown punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 grow present · passive Most cocoa West Africa vn appear-48.1.1 «PP.location V NP»: subject=Theme
Example 6 Cocoa tastes bitter without sugar.
nsubj xcomp case obl punct root Cocoa NOUN tastes VERB bitter ADJ without ADP sugar NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Cocoa cocoa NOUN Number=Sing 2 tastes nsubj 2 tastes taste VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 bitter bitter ADJ Degree=Pos 2 tastes xcomp 4 without without ADP _ 5 sugar case 5 sugar sugar NOUN Number=Sing 3 bitter obl 6 . . PUNCT _ 2 tastes punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 taste present Cocoa bitter property vn stimulus_subject-30.4 «NP V ADJ»: agent=Stimulus
Example 7 Fair trade cocoa helps farmers get a fair price.
amod compound nsubj obj xcomp det amod obj punct root Fair ADJ trade NOUN cocoa NOUN helps VERB farmers NOUN get VERB a DET fair ADJ price NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Fair fair ADJ Degree=Pos 3 cocoa amod 2 trade trade NOUN Number=Sing 3 cocoa compound 3 cocoa cocoa NOUN Number=Sing 4 helps nsubj 4 helps help VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 5 farmers farmer NOUN Number=Plur 4 helps obj 6 get get VERB VerbForm=Inf 4 helps xcomp 7 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 9 price det 8 fair fair ADJ Degree=Pos 9 price amod 9 price price NOUN Number=Sing 6 get obj 10 . . PUNCT _ 4 helps punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 help present Fair trade cocoa farmers vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP S_INF»: agent=Agent farmer=Beneficiary clause=Theme 2 get infinitive farmers not said here a fair price vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer price=Stimulus
Example 8 We drank cocoa by the campfire.
nsubj obj case det obl punct root We PRON drank VERB cocoa NOUN by ADP the DET campfire NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 We we PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs 2 drank nsubj 2 drank drink VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 cocoa cocoa NOUN Number=Sing 2 drank obj 4 by by ADP _ 6 campfire case 5 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 6 campfire det 6 campfire campfire NOUN Number=Sing 2 drank obl 7 . . PUNCT _ 2 drank punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 drink past We cocoa by the campfire vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent cocoa=Patient
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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