cold Who acts: Feeling, illness, cold, I, It, milk · What happens: have, feel, not be, give, mean, be · To what, where: low temperature, runny nose, you, cold weather, coat, cold
«cold» in the school dictionary: its 5 meanings for a pupil and its 9 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: cold in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 Having a low temperature; not warm.
csubj det amod obj punct advmod punct root Having VERB a DET low ADJ temperature NOUN ; PUNCT not PART warm ADJ . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Having have VERB VerbForm=Ger 7 warm csubj 2 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 4 temperature det 3 low low ADJ Degree=Pos 4 temperature amod 4 temperature temperature NOUN Number=Sing 1 Having obj 5 ; ; PUNCT _ 7 warm punct 6 not not PART Polarity=Neg 7 warm advmod 7 warm warm ADJ Degree=Pos root root 8 . . PUNCT _ 7 warm punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 have gerund a low temperature vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent temperature=Patient
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
The example in this meaning, parsed on its own:
"cold water".
punct amod punct punct root " PUNCT cold ADJ water NOUN " PUNCT . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 " " PUNCT _ 3 water punct 2 cold cold ADJ Degree=Pos 3 water amod 3 water water NOUN Number=Sing root root 4 " " PUNCT _ 3 water punct 5 . . PUNCT _ 3 water punct
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.
Meaning 2 Feeling that your body is not warm enough.
csubj mark nmod:poss advcl cop advmod advmod punct root Feeling VERB that SCONJ your PRON body NOUN is AUX not PART warm ADJ enough ADV . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Feeling feel VERB VerbForm=Ger 7 warm csubj 2 that that SCONJ _ 4 body mark 3 your your PRON Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 4 body nmod:poss 4 body body NOUN Number=Sing 1 Feeling advcl 5 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 7 warm cop 6 not not PART Polarity=Neg 7 warm advmod 7 warm warm ADJ Degree=Pos root root 8 enough enough ADV _ 7 warm advmod 9 . . PUNCT _ 7 warm punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 feel gerund vn stimulus_subject-30.4 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Stimulus 2 not is present Feeling enough, warm property tree rules
The example in this meaning, parsed on its own:
"I'm cold."
punct nsubj cop punct punct root " PUNCT I PRON 'm AUX cold ADJ . PUNCT " PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 " " PUNCT _ 4 cold punct 2 I I PRON Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 4 cold nsubj 3 'm be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 cold cop 4 cold cold ADJ Degree=Pos root root 5 . . PUNCT _ 4 cold punct 6 " " PUNCT _ 4 cold punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is in a quote present I cold property tree rules
Meaning 3 An illness that gives you a runny nose, sneezes and a sore throat.
The tree, 13 words det nsubj acl:relcl iobj det amod obj punct conj cc det amod conj punct root An DET illness NOUN that PRON gives VERB you PRON a DET runny ADJ nose NOUN , PUNCT sneezes NOUN and CCONJ a DET sore ADJ throat NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 An a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 illness det 2 illness illness NOUN Number=Sing root root 3 that that PRON PronType=Rel 4 gives nsubj 4 gives give VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 2 illness acl:relcl 5 you you PRON Case=Acc Person=2 PronType=Prs 4 gives iobj 6 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 8 nose det 7 runny runny ADJ Degree=Pos 8 nose amod 8 nose nose NOUN Number=Sing 4 gives obj 9 , , PUNCT _ 10 sneezes punct 10 sneezes sneeze NOUN Number=Plur 8 nose conj 11 and and CCONJ _ 14 throat cc 12 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 14 throat det 13 sore sore ADJ Degree=Pos 14 throat amod 14 throat throat NOUN Number=Sing 8 nose conj 15 . . PUNCT _ 2 illness punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 give present a illness a runny nose and sneezes and a sore throat you vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP-Dative NP»: agent=Agent you=Recipient nose=Theme
Meaning 4 Not friendly or kind.
advmod cc conj punct root Not PART friendly ADJ or CCONJ kind ADJ . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Not not PART Polarity=Neg 2 friendly advmod 2 friendly friendly ADJ Degree=Pos root root 3 or or CCONJ _ 4 kind cc 4 kind kind ADJ Degree=Pos 2 friendly conj 5 . . PUNCT _ 2 friendly punct
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.
The example in this meaning, parsed on its own:
"a cold look".
punct det amod punct punct root " PUNCT a DET cold ADJ look NOUN " PUNCT . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 " " PUNCT _ 4 look punct 2 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 4 look det 3 cold cold ADJ Degree=Pos 4 look amod 4 look look NOUN Number=Sing root root 5 " " PUNCT _ 4 look punct 6 . . PUNCT _ 4 look punct
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.
Meaning 5 "The cold" means cold weather.
punct det nsubj punct amod obj punct root " PUNCT The DET cold NOUN " PUNCT means VERB cold ADJ weather NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 " " PUNCT _ 3 cold punct 2 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 cold det 3 cold cold NOUN Number=Sing 5 means nsubj 4 " " PUNCT _ 3 cold punct 5 means mean VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 6 cold cold ADJ Degree=Pos 7 weather amod 7 weather weather NOUN Number=Sing 5 means obj 8 . . PUNCT _ 5 means punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 mean present the cold cold weather vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent weather=Topic
Example 1 It is cold outside, so wear a coat.
nsubj cop advmod punct advmod parataxis det obj punct root It PRON is AUX cold ADJ outside ADV , PUNCT so ADV wear VERB a DET coat NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 It it PRON Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 3 cold nsubj 2 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 3 cold cop 3 cold cold ADJ Degree=Pos root root 4 outside outside ADV _ 3 cold advmod 5 , , PUNCT _ 7 wear punct 6 so so ADV _ 7 wear advmod 7 wear wear VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin 3 cold parataxis 8 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 9 coat det 9 coat coat NOUN Number=Sing 7 wear obj 10 . . PUNCT _ 3 cold punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is present It cold, outside property tree rules 2 wear infinitive a coat vn wipe_manner-10.4.1-1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent coat=Theme
Example 2 I caught a cold and stayed home.
nsubj det obj cc conj advmod punct root I PRON caught VERB a DET cold NOUN and CCONJ stayed VERB home ADV . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 I I PRON Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 2 caught nsubj 2 caught catch VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 4 cold det 4 cold cold NOUN Number=Sing 2 caught obj 5 and and CCONJ _ 6 stayed cc 6 stayed stay VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 2 caught conj 7 home home ADV _ 6 stayed advmod 8 . . PUNCT _ 2 caught punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 catch past I a cold vn get-13.5.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent cold=Theme 2 stay past I not said here home property vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
Example 3 The milk is in the cold fridge.
det nsubj cop case det amod punct root The DET milk NOUN is AUX in ADP the DET cold ADJ fridge NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 milk det 2 milk milk NOUN Number=Sing 7 fridge nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 7 fridge cop 4 in in ADP _ 7 fridge case 5 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 fridge det 6 cold cold ADJ Degree=Pos 7 fridge amod 7 fridge fridge NOUN Number=Sing root root 8 . . PUNCT _ 7 fridge punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is present the milk the cold fridge tree rules
Example 4 Cold air sinks and warm air rises.
amod nsubj cc amod nsubj conj punct root Cold ADJ air NOUN sinks VERB and CCONJ warm ADJ air NOUN rises VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Cold cold ADJ Degree=Pos 2 air amod 2 air air NOUN Number=Sing 3 sinks nsubj 3 sinks sink VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 and and CCONJ _ 7 rises cc 5 warm warm ADJ Degree=Pos 6 air amod 6 air air NOUN Number=Sing 7 rises nsubj 7 rises rise VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 3 sinks conj 8 . . PUNCT _ 3 sinks punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 sink present Cold air vn other_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient 2 rise present warm air vn assuming_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent
Example 5 Cover your mouth when you sneeze with a cold.
nmod:poss obj advmod nsubj advcl case det obl punct root Cover VERB your PRON mouth NOUN when ADV you PRON sneeze VERB with ADP a DET cold NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Cover cover VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 2 your your PRON Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 3 mouth nmod:poss 3 mouth mouth NOUN Number=Sing 1 Cover obj 4 when when ADV PronType=Int 6 sneeze advmod 5 you you PRON Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs 6 sneeze nsubj 6 sneeze sneeze VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 1 Cover advcl 7 with with ADP _ 9 cold case 8 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 9 cold det 9 cold cold NOUN Number=Sing 6 sneeze obl 10 . . PUNCT _ 1 Cover punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 cover imperative you not said here your mouth vn fill-9.8-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme mouth=Destination 2 sneeze present you with a cold vn hiccup-40.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
Example 6 Water turns to ice when it gets very cold.
nsubj case obl advmod nsubj advcl advmod xcomp punct root Water NOUN turns VERB to ADP ice NOUN when ADV it PRON gets VERB very ADV cold ADJ . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Water water NOUN Number=Sing 2 turns nsubj 2 turns turn VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 to to ADP _ 4 ice case 4 ice ice NOUN Number=Sing 2 turns obl 5 when when ADV PronType=Int 7 gets advmod 6 it it PRON Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 7 gets nsubj 7 gets get VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 2 turns advcl 8 very very ADV _ 9 cold advmod 9 cold cold ADJ Degree=Pos 7 gets xcomp 10 . . PUNCT _ 2 turns punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 turn present Water ice vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V PP.trajectory»: agent=Theme to ice=Trajectory 2 get present Water cold property vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Experiencer
Example 7 She gave me a cold look.
nsubj iobj det amod obj punct root She PRON gave VERB me PRON a DET cold ADJ look NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 She she PRON Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 2 gave nsubj 2 gave give VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 me I PRON Case=Acc Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 2 gave iobj 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 6 look det 5 cold cold ADJ Degree=Pos 6 look amod 6 look look NOUN Number=Sing 2 gave obj 7 . . PUNCT _ 2 gave punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 give past She a cold look me vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP-Dative NP»: agent=Agent i=Recipient look=Theme
Example 8 Snakes are cold-blooded animals.
nsubj cop amod punct amod punct root Snakes NOUN are AUX cold ADJ - PUNCT blooded ADJ animals NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Snakes snake NOUN Number=Plur 6 animals nsubj 2 are be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 animals cop 3 cold cold ADJ Degree=Pos 5 blooded amod 4 - - PUNCT _ 3 cold punct 5 blooded blooded ADJ Degree=Pos 6 animals amod 6 animals animal NOUN Number=Plur root root 7 . . PUNCT _ 6 animals punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present Snakes blooded animals tree rules
Example 9 Oh, how cold the water is!
discourse punct advmod det obj cop punct root Oh INTJ , PUNCT how ADV cold ADJ the DET water NOUN is AUX ! PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Oh oh INTJ _ 4 cold discourse 2 , , PUNCT _ 4 cold punct 3 how how ADV PronType=Int 4 cold advmod 4 cold cold ADJ Degree=Pos root root 5 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 6 water det 6 water water NOUN Number=Sing 4 cold obj 7 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 cold cop 8 ! ! PUNCT _ 4 cold punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is present cold property tree rules
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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