collectivisation Who acts: forcing, things, Collectivisation, families, Forced collectivisation, history book · What happens: give up, join, run, put, belong, separate · To what, where: own land, big farms, late 1920s, things, people, millions
«collectivisation» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: collectivisation in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 Usage: history — kept apart, not parsed.
The forcing of farmers to give up their own land and animals and join big farms run by the state, as in the Soviet Union in the late 1920s and 1930s.
The tree, 31 words det nsubj case nmod mark compound:prt nmod:poss amod obj cc conj cc conj amod obj acl case det obl punct case case det compound obl case det amod obl cc conj punct root The DET forcing NOUN of ADP farmers NOUN to PART give VERB up ADP their PRON own ADJ land NOUN and CCONJ animals NOUN and CCONJ join VERB big ADJ farms NOUN run VERB by ADP the DET state NOUN , PUNCT as ADP in ADP the DET Soviet PROPN Union PROPN in ADP the DET late ADJ 1920s NOUN and CCONJ 1930s NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 forcing det 2 forcing forcing NOUN Number=Sing 6 give nsubj 3 of of ADP _ 4 farmers case 4 farmers farmer NOUN Number=Plur 2 forcing nmod 5 to to PART _ 6 give mark 6 give give VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 7 up up ADP _ 6 give compound:prt 8 their their PRON Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 10 land nmod:poss 9 own own ADJ Degree=Pos 10 land amod 10 land land NOUN Number=Sing 6 give obj 11 and and CCONJ _ 12 animals cc 12 animals animal NOUN Number=Plur 10 land conj 13 and and CCONJ _ 14 join cc 14 join join VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 give conj 15 big big ADJ Degree=Pos 16 farms amod 16 farms farm NOUN Number=Plur 14 join obj 17 run run VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 16 farms acl 18 by by ADP _ 20 state case 19 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 20 state det 20 state state NOUN Number=Sing 17 run obl 21 , , PUNCT _ 26 Union punct 22 as as ADP _ 26 Union case 23 in in ADP _ 26 Union case 24 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 26 Union det 25 Soviet Soviet PROPN Number=Sing 26 Union compound 26 Union Union PROPN Number=Sing 14 join obl 27 in in ADP _ 30 1920s case 28 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 30 1920s det 29 late late ADJ Degree=Pos 30 1920s amod 30 1920s 1920s NOUN Number=Ptan NumForm=Combi NumType=Card 14 join obl 31 and and CCONJ _ 32 1930s cc 32 1930s 1930 NOUN Number=Ptan NumForm=Combi NumType=Card 30 1920s conj 33 . . PUNCT _ 6 give punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 give up to-infinitive the forcing of farmers farmers's own land and animals vn resign-10.11-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent land=Source 2 join present the forcing of farmers not said here big farms the late 1920s and 1930s as the Soviet Union vn mix-22.1-2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent farm=Patient 3 run participle big farms not said here by the state vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme by state=Trajectory
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 More generally, putting things that belonged to separate people under shared or state ownership.
The tree, 14 words advmod advmod punct obj nsubj acl:relcl mark xcomp obj mark advcl cc amod conj punct root More ADV generally ADV , PUNCT putting VERB things NOUN that PRON belonged VERB to PART separate VERB people NOUN under ADP shared VERB or CCONJ state ADJ ownership NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 More more ADV Degree=Cmp 2 generally advmod 2 generally generally ADV _ 4 putting advmod 3 , , PUNCT _ 4 putting punct 4 putting put VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part root root 5 things thing NOUN Number=Plur 4 putting obj 6 that that PRON PronType=Rel 7 belonged nsubj 7 belonged belong VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 5 things acl:relcl 8 to to PART _ 9 separate mark 9 separate separate VERB VerbForm=Inf 7 belonged xcomp 10 people people NOUN Number=Plur 9 separate obj 11 under under ADP _ 12 shared mark 12 shared share VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 9 separate advcl 13 or or CCONJ _ 15 ownership cc 14 state state ADJ Degree=Pos 15 ownership amod 15 ownership ownership NOUN Number=Sing 12 shared conj 16 . . PUNCT _ 4 putting punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 put gerund things generally property vn invest-13.5.4-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Agent thing=Goal 2 belong past things tree rules 3 separate to-infinitive things not said here people vn separate-23.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent people=Patient 4 share participle things not said here tree rules
Example 1 Collectivisation took land away from millions of farmers.
nsubj advmod advmod case obl case nmod punct root Collectivisation NOUN took VERB land ADV away ADV from ADP millions NOUN of ADP farmers NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Collectivisation collectivisation NOUN Number=Sing 2 took nsubj 2 took take VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 land land ADV _ 2 took advmod 4 away away ADV _ 2 took advmod 5 from from ADP _ 6 millions case 6 millions million NOUN Number=Plur 2 took obl 7 of of ADP _ 8 farmers case 8 farmers farmer NOUN Number=Plur 6 millions nmod 9 . . PUNCT _ 2 took punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 take away past Collectivisation millions of farmers away, land property vn remove-10.1 «NP V NP PP»: agent=Agent from million=Initial_Location
Example 2 During collectivisation, families had to give their cows to the collective farm.
case obl punct nsubj mark xcomp nmod:poss obj case det amod obl punct root During ADP collectivisation NOUN , PUNCT families NOUN had VERB to PART give VERB their PRON cows NOUN to ADP the DET collective ADJ farm NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 During during ADP _ 2 collectivisation case 2 collectivisation collectivisation NOUN Number=Sing 5 had obl 3 , , PUNCT _ 2 collectivisation punct 4 families family NOUN Number=Plur 5 had nsubj 5 had have VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 6 to to PART _ 7 give mark 7 give give VERB VerbForm=Inf 5 had xcomp 8 their their PRON Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 9 cows nmod:poss 9 cows cow NOUN Number=Plur 7 give obj 10 to to ADP _ 13 farm case 11 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 13 farm det 12 collective collective ADJ Degree=Pos 13 farm amod 13 farm farm NOUN Number=Sing 7 give obl 14 . . PUNCT _ 5 had punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 have past families during collectivisation tree rules 2 give to-infinitive families not said here families's cows the collective farm vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP PP.recipient»: agent=Agent cow=Theme to farm=Recipient
Example 3 Forced collectivisation helped cause the Holodomor famine in Ukraine.
amod nsubj xcomp det compound obj case nmod punct root Forced VERB collectivisation NOUN helped VERB cause VERB the DET Holodomor PROPN famine NOUN in ADP Ukraine PROPN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Forced force VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 2 collectivisation amod 2 collectivisation collectivisation NOUN Number=Sing 3 helped nsubj 3 helped help VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 cause cause VERB VerbForm=Inf 3 helped xcomp 5 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 famine det 6 Holodomor Holodomor PROPN Number=Sing 7 famine compound 7 famine famine NOUN Number=Sing 4 cause obj 8 in in ADP _ 9 Ukraine case 9 Ukraine Ukraine PROPN Number=Sing 7 famine nmod 10 . . PUNCT _ 3 helped punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 force participle vn urge-58.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent 2 help past Forced collectivisation vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Theme 3 cause infinitive Forced collectivisation not said here the Holodomor famine Ukraine vn engender-27.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Precondition famine=Patient
Example 4 Our history book has a chapter on collectivisation in the Soviet Union.
nmod:poss compound nsubj det obj case nmod case det compound nmod punct root Our PRON history NOUN book NOUN has VERB a DET chapter NOUN on ADP collectivisation NOUN in ADP the DET Soviet PROPN Union PROPN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Our our PRON Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 3 book nmod:poss 2 history history NOUN Number=Sing 3 book compound 3 book book NOUN Number=Sing 4 has nsubj 4 has have VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 5 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 6 chapter det 6 chapter chapter NOUN Number=Sing 4 has obj 7 on on ADP _ 8 collectivisation case 8 collectivisation collectivisation NOUN Number=Sing 6 chapter nmod 9 in in ADP _ 12 Union case 10 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 12 Union det 11 Soviet Soviet PROPN Number=Sing 12 Union compound 12 Union Union PROPN Number=Sing 8 collectivisation nmod 13 . . PUNCT _ 4 has punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 have present Our history book a chapter collectivisation in the Soviet Union vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent chapter=Patient
Example 5 Many farmers who refused collectivisation were sent far away.
amod nsubj:pass nsubj acl:relcl obj aux:pass advmod advmod punct root Many ADJ farmers NOUN who PRON refused VERB collectivisation NOUN were AUX sent VERB far ADV away ADV . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Many many ADJ Degree=Pos 2 farmers amod 2 farmers farmer NOUN Number=Plur 7 sent nsubj:pass 3 who who PRON PronType=Rel 4 refused nsubj 4 refused refuse VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 2 farmers acl:relcl 5 collectivisation collectivisation NOUN Number=Sing 4 refused obj 6 were be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 7 sent aux:pass 7 sent send VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass root root 8 far far ADV Degree=Pos 9 away advmod 9 away away ADV _ 7 sent advmod 10 . . PUNCT _ 7 sent punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 refuse past Many farmers collectivisation vn reject-77.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent collectivisation=Theme 2 send past · passive Many farmers away property vn confine-92-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme
Example 6 Collectivisation was meant to grow more food, but harvests fell.
nsubj:pass aux:pass mark xcomp amod obj punct cc nsubj conj punct root Collectivisation NOUN was AUX meant VERB to PART grow VERB more ADJ food NOUN , PUNCT but CCONJ harvests NOUN fell VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Collectivisation collectivisation NOUN Number=Sing 3 meant nsubj:pass 2 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 3 meant aux:pass 3 meant mean VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass root root 4 to to PART _ 5 grow mark 5 grow grow VERB VerbForm=Inf 3 meant xcomp 6 more more ADJ Degree=Cmp 7 food amod 7 food food NOUN Number=Sing 5 grow obj 8 , , PUNCT _ 11 fell punct 9 but but CCONJ _ 11 fell cc 10 harvests harvest NOUN Number=Plur 11 fell nsubj 11 fell fall VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 3 meant conj 12 . . PUNCT _ 3 meant punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 mean past · passive Collectivisation tree rules 2 grow not said to happen to-infinitive more food vn appear-48.1.1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location food=Theme 3 fall past harvests vn occur-48.3 «NP V»: agent=Theme
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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