comma Who acts: comma, that, Commas, threes, you, 's · What happens: be, show, separate, make, read, use · To what, where: punctuation mark, short pause, parts, things, list, threes · Speech: someone speaks here
«comma» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: comma in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 A comma is a punctuation mark (,) that shows a short pause or separates parts of a sentence.
The tree, 17 words det nsubj cop det compound punct punct punct nsubj parataxis det amod obj cc conj obj case det nmod punct root A DET comma NOUN is AUX a DET punctuation NOUN mark NOUN ( PUNCT , PUNCT ) PUNCT that PRON shows VERB a DET short ADJ pause NOUN or CCONJ separates VERB parts NOUN of ADP a DET sentence NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 comma det 2 comma comma NOUN Number=Sing 6 mark nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 mark cop 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 6 mark det 5 punctuation punctuation NOUN Number=Sing 6 mark compound 6 mark mark NOUN Number=Sing root root 7 ( ( PUNCT _ 11 shows punct 8 , , PUNCT _ 11 shows punct 9 ) ) PUNCT _ 11 shows punct 10 that that PRON PronType=Rel 11 shows nsubj 11 shows show VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 mark parataxis 12 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 14 pause det 13 short short ADJ Degree=Pos 14 pause amod 14 pause pause NOUN Number=Sing 11 shows obj 15 or or CCONJ _ 16 separates cc 16 separates separate VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 11 shows conj 17 parts part NOUN Number=Plur 16 separates obj 18 of of ADP _ 20 sentence case 19 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 20 sentence det 20 sentence sentence NOUN Number=Sing 17 parts nmod 21 . . PUNCT _ 6 mark punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present a comma a punctuation mark tree rules 2 show present that a short pause vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent pause=Recipient 3 separate present that not said here parts of a sentence vn separate-23.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent part=Patient
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 Commas separate things in a list: «eggs, milk and bread».
The tree, 10 words nsubj obj case det obl punct punct appos punct conj cc conj punct punct root Commas NOUN separate VERB things NOUN in ADP a DET list NOUN : PUNCT « PUNCT eggs NOUN , PUNCT milk NOUN and CCONJ bread NOUN » PUNCT . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Commas comma NOUN Number=Plur 2 separate nsubj 2 separate separate VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 things thing NOUN Number=Plur 2 separate obj 4 in in ADP _ 6 list case 5 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 6 list det 6 list list NOUN Number=Sing 2 separate obl 7 : : PUNCT _ 9 eggs punct 8 « « PUNCT _ 9 eggs punct 9 eggs egg NOUN Number=Plur 6 list appos 10 , , PUNCT _ 11 milk punct 11 milk milk NOUN Number=Sing 9 eggs conj 12 and and CCONJ _ 13 bread cc 13 bread bread NOUN Number=Sing 9 eggs conj 14 » » PUNCT _ 9 eggs punct 15 . . PUNCT _ 2 separate punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 separate present Commas things in a list goal vn classify-29.10 «NP V NP PP.goal»: agent=Agent thing=Theme in list=Goal
Meaning 3 In numbers, a comma groups digits in threes to make them easy to read: «1,000,000»; in many European countries a comma is used as the decimal point instead.
The tree, 28 words case obl punct det compound compound appos case nmod mark acl obj xcomp mark xcomp punct punct obj punct punct case amod amod obl det nsubj:pass aux:pass case det amod obl advmod punct root In ADP numbers NOUN , PUNCT a DET comma NOUN groups NOUN digits NOUN in ADP threes NOUN to PART make VERB them PRON easy ADJ to PART read VERB : PUNCT « PUNCT 1,000,000 NUM » PUNCT ; PUNCT in ADP many ADJ European ADJ countries NOUN a DET comma NOUN is AUX used VERB as ADP the DET decimal ADJ point NOUN instead ADV . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 In in ADP _ 2 numbers case 2 numbers number NOUN Number=Plur 28 used obl 3 , , PUNCT _ 7 digits punct 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 6 groups det 5 comma comma NOUN Number=Sing 6 groups compound 6 groups group NOUN Number=Plur 7 digits compound 7 digits digit NOUN Number=Plur 2 numbers appos 8 in in ADP _ 9 threes case 9 threes three NOUN Number=Plur 7 digits nmod 10 to to PART _ 11 make mark 11 make make VERB VerbForm=Inf 7 digits acl 12 them they PRON Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs 11 make obj 13 easy easy ADJ Degree=Pos 11 make xcomp 14 to to PART _ 15 read mark 15 read read VERB VerbForm=Inf 13 easy xcomp 16 : : PUNCT _ 18 1,000,000 punct 17 « « PUNCT _ 18 1,000,000 punct 18 1,000,000 1,000,000 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 15 read obj 19 » » PUNCT _ 18 1,000,000 punct 20 ; ; PUNCT _ 2 numbers punct 21 in in ADP _ 24 countries case 22 many many ADJ Degree=Pos 24 countries amod 23 European European ADJ Degree=Pos 24 countries amod 24 countries country NOUN Number=Plur 28 used obl 25 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 26 comma det 26 comma comma NOUN Number=Sing 28 used nsubj:pass 27 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 28 used aux:pass 28 used use VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass root root 29 as as ADP _ 32 point case 30 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 32 point det 31 decimal decimal ADJ Degree=Pos 32 point amod 32 point point NOUN Number=Sing 28 used obl 33 instead instead ADV _ 28 used advmod 34 . . PUNCT _ 28 used punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 make to-infinitive threes = three easy property vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset they=Product 2 read to-infinitive threes = three not said here 1,000,000 vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent 1,000,000=Topic 3 use present · passive a comma numbers in many European countries; as the decimal point; instead property vn spend_time-104 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: subject=Duration as point=Attribute
Example 1 Put a comma between the items in a list.
det obj case det nmod case det obl punct root Put VERB a DET comma NOUN between ADP the DET items NOUN in ADP a DET list NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Put put VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 2 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 3 comma det 3 comma comma NOUN Number=Sing 1 Put obj 4 between between ADP _ 6 items case 5 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 6 items det 6 items item NOUN Number=Plur 3 comma nmod 7 in in ADP _ 9 list case 8 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 9 list det 9 list list NOUN Number=Sing 1 Put obl 10 . . PUNCT _ 1 Put punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 put imperative you not said here a comma a list between the items vn put-9.1-2 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent comma=Theme in list=Destination
Example 2 «Let's eat, Grandma!» needs a comma, or it sounds like we are eating Grandma.
The tree, 15 words punct ccomp obj xcomp punct obj punct punct det obj punct cc nsubj parataxis mark nsubj aux advcl obj punct root « PUNCT Let VERB 's PRON eat VERB , PUNCT Grandma NOUN ! PUNCT » PUNCT needs VERB a DET comma NOUN , PUNCT or CCONJ it PRON sounds VERB like SCONJ we PRON are AUX eating VERB Grandma NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 « « PUNCT _ 2 Let punct 2 Let let VERB VerbForm=Inf 9 needs ccomp 3 's we PRON Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs 2 Let obj 4 eat eat VERB VerbForm=Inf 2 Let xcomp 5 , , PUNCT _ 6 Grandma punct 6 Grandma grandma NOUN Number=Sing 4 eat obj 7 ! ! PUNCT _ 2 Let punct 8 » » PUNCT _ 2 Let punct 9 needs need VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 10 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 11 comma det 11 comma comma NOUN Number=Sing 9 needs obj 12 , , PUNCT _ 15 sounds punct 13 or or CCONJ _ 15 sounds cc 14 it it PRON Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 15 sounds nsubj 15 sounds sound VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 9 needs parataxis 16 like like SCONJ _ 19 eating mark 17 we we PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs 19 eating nsubj 18 are be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 19 eating aux 19 eating eat VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 15 sounds advcl 20 Grandma grandma NOUN Number=Sing 19 eating obj 21 . . PUNCT _ 9 needs punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 let in a quote infinitive 's tree rules 2 eat in a quote infinitive 's not said here Grandma vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent grandma=Patient 3 need present a comma tree rules 4 sound present it vn stimulus_subject-30.4 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Stimulus 5 eat present · progressive we Grandma vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent grandma=Patient
Example 3 After a fronted adverbial, put a comma: «Later that day, it rained.»
The tree, 12 words case det amod obl punct det obj punct punct advmod det obl:unmarked punct nsubj advcl punct punct root After ADP a DET fronted VERB adverbial NOUN , PUNCT put VERB a DET comma NOUN : PUNCT « PUNCT Later ADV that DET day NOUN , PUNCT it PRON rained VERB . PUNCT » PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 After after ADP _ 4 adverbial case 2 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 4 adverbial det 3 fronted front VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 4 adverbial amod 4 adverbial adverbial NOUN Number=Sing 6 put obl 5 , , PUNCT _ 4 adverbial punct 6 put put VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 7 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 8 comma det 8 comma comma NOUN Number=Sing 6 put obj 9 : : PUNCT _ 16 rained punct 10 « « PUNCT _ 16 rained punct 11 Later late ADV Degree=Cmp 13 day advmod 12 that that DET Number=Sing PronType=Dem 13 day det 13 day day NOUN Number=Sing 16 rained obl:unmarked 14 , , PUNCT _ 13 day punct 15 it it PRON Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 16 rained nsubj 16 rained rain VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 6 put advcl 17 . . PUNCT _ 6 put punct 18 » » PUNCT _ 6 put punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 front participle tree rules 2 put imperative you not said here a comma after a fronted adverbial vn invest-13.5.4-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Agent comma=Goal 3 rain in a quote past it day vn weather-57 «It V PP.theme»
Example 4 My sister, who loves horses, rides every Saturday.
nmod:poss nsubj punct nsubj acl:relcl obj punct det obj punct root My PRON sister NOUN , PUNCT who PRON loves VERB horses NOUN , PUNCT rides VERB every DET Saturday PROPN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 My my PRON Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 2 sister nmod:poss 2 sister sister NOUN Number=Sing 8 rides nsubj 3 , , PUNCT _ 5 loves punct 4 who who PRON PronType=Rel 5 loves nsubj 5 loves love VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 2 sister acl:relcl 6 horses horse NOUN Number=Plur 5 loves obj 7 , , PUNCT _ 2 sister punct 8 rides ride VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 9 every every DET PronType=Tot 10 Saturday det 10 Saturday Saturday PROPN Number=Sing 8 rides obj 11 . . PUNCT _ 8 rides punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 love present My sister horses vn admire-31.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer horse=Stimulus 2 ride present My sister saturday vn nonvehicle-51.4.2 «NP.agent V»: agent=Agent
Example 5 Write ten thousand as 10,000.
compound obj advmod obl punct root Write VERB ten NUM thousand NUM as ADV 10,000 NUM . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Write write VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 2 ten ten NUM NumForm=Word NumType=Card 3 thousand compound 3 thousand thousand NUM NumForm=Word NumType=Card 1 Write obj 4 as as ADV _ 5 10,000 advmod 5 10,000 10000 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 1 Write obl 6 . . PUNCT _ 1 Write punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 write imperative you not said here ten thousand 10,000 obl vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent thousand=Theme
Example 6 The point (2, 5) is two across and five up.
det nsubj punct appos punct flat punct cop advmod cc conj compound:prt punct root The DET point NOUN ( PUNCT 2 NUM , PUNCT 5 NUM ) PUNCT is AUX two NUM across ADV and CCONJ five NUM up ADP . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 point det 2 point point NOUN Number=Sing 9 two nsubj 3 ( ( PUNCT _ 4 2 punct 4 2 2 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 2 point appos 5 , , PUNCT _ 6 5 punct 6 5 5 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 4 2 flat 7 ) ) PUNCT _ 4 2 punct 8 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 9 two cop 9 two two NUM NumForm=Word NumType=Card root root 10 across across ADV _ 9 two advmod 11 and and CCONJ _ 12 five cc 12 five five NUM NumForm=Word NumType=Card 9 two conj 13 up up ADP _ 12 five compound:prt 14 . . PUNCT _ 9 two punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present the point two across property tree rules
Example 7 A comma shows the reader where to take a short breath.
det nsubj det iobj advmod mark acl:relcl det amod obj punct root A DET comma NOUN shows VERB the DET reader NOUN where ADV to PART take VERB a DET short ADJ breath NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 comma det 2 comma comma NOUN Number=Sing 3 shows nsubj 3 shows show VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 5 reader det 5 reader reader NOUN Number=Sing 3 shows iobj 6 where where ADV PronType=Rel 8 take advmod 7 to to PART _ 8 take mark 8 take take VERB VerbForm=Inf 5 reader acl:relcl 9 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 11 breath det 10 short short ADJ Degree=Pos 11 breath amod 11 breath breath NOUN Number=Sing 8 take obj 12 . . PUNCT _ 3 shows punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 show present a comma the reader vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent reader=Recipient 2 take to-infinitive a comma not said here a short breath vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent breath=Theme
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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