commence Who acts: exam, you, ceremony, Lessons, hunting · What happens: begin, start, commence, write, end, continue · To what, where: Building work, new library, concert, 7, 9, 8:45
«commence» in the school dictionary: its meaning for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: commence in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 Usage: formal — kept apart, not parsed.
To begin or start.
mark cc conj punct root To PART begin VERB or CCONJ start VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 To to PART _ 2 begin mark 2 begin begin VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 3 or or CCONJ _ 4 start cc 4 start start VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin 2 begin conj 5 . . PUNCT _ 2 begin punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 begin to-infinitive vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality 2 start infinitive vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Example 1 The exam will commence in five minutes.
det nsubj aux case nummod obl punct root The DET exam NOUN will AUX commence VERB in ADP five NUM minutes NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 exam det 2 exam exam NOUN Number=Sing 4 commence nsubj 3 will will AUX VerbForm=Fin 4 commence aux 4 commence commence VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 5 in in ADP _ 7 minutes case 6 five five NUM NumForm=Word NumType=Card 7 minutes nummod 7 minutes minute NOUN Number=Plur 4 commence obl 8 . . PUNCT _ 4 commence punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 commence future the exam minute vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality
Example 2 Building work commenced on the new library.
compound acl case det amod obl punct root Building NOUN work NOUN commenced VERB on ADP the DET new ADJ library NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Building building NOUN Number=Sing 2 work compound 2 work work NOUN Number=Sing root root 3 commenced commence VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 2 work acl 4 on on ADP _ 7 library case 5 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 library det 6 new new ADJ Degree=Pos 7 library amod 7 library library NOUN Number=Sing 3 commenced obl 8 . . PUNCT _ 2 work punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 commence participle Building work not said here the new library vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality
Example 3 Please commence writing now.
discourse xcomp advmod punct root Please INTJ commence VERB writing VERB now ADV . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Please please INTJ _ 2 commence discourse 2 commence commence VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 3 writing write VERB VerbForm=Ger 2 commence xcomp 4 now now ADV PronType=Dem 3 writing advmod 5 . . PUNCT _ 2 commence punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 commence imperative you not said here vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality 2 write gerund you not said here now vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
Example 4 The concert commenced at 7 pm and ended at 9 pm.
det acl case obl nmod:unmarked cc conj case obl nmod:unmarked punct root The DET concert NOUN commenced VERB at ADP 7 NUM pm NOUN and CCONJ ended VERB at ADP 9 NUM pm NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 concert det 2 concert concert NOUN Number=Sing root root 3 commenced commence VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 2 concert acl 4 at at ADP _ 5 7 case 5 7 7 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 3 commenced obl 6 pm p.m. NOUN Number=Sing 5 7 nmod:unmarked 7 and and CCONJ _ 8 ended cc 8 ended end VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 3 commenced conj 9 at at ADP _ 10 9 case 10 9 9 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 8 ended obl 11 pm p.m. NOUN Number=Sing 10 9 nmod:unmarked 12 . . PUNCT _ 2 concert punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 commence participle the concert not said here 7 pm vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality 2 end past 9 pm vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality
Example 5 The ceremony will commence with a song.
det nsubj aux case det obl punct root The DET ceremony NOUN will AUX commence VERB with ADP a DET song NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 ceremony det 2 ceremony ceremony NOUN Number=Sing 4 commence nsubj 3 will will AUX VerbForm=Fin 4 commence aux 4 commence commence VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 5 with with ADP _ 7 song case 6 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 7 song det 7 song song NOUN Number=Sing 4 commence obl 8 . . PUNCT _ 4 commence punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 commence future the ceremony with a song vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V PP.subeventuality»: agent=Eventuality with song=Subeventuality
Example 6 Lessons commence at 8:45 each morning.
nsubj case obl det obl:unmarked punct root Lessons NOUN commence VERB at ADP 8:45 NUM each DET morning NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Lessons lesson NOUN Number=Plur 2 commence nsubj 2 commence commence VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 at at ADP _ 4 8:45 case 4 8:45 8:45 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 2 commence obl 5 each each DET PronType=Tot 6 morning det 6 morning morning NOUN Number=Sing 2 commence obl:unmarked 7 . . PUNCT _ 2 commence punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 commence present Lessons 8:45 morning vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality
Example 7 "After that," continued the North Wind, "the hunting commenced.
The tree, 9 words punct case obl punct punct det compound obj punct punct det nsubj conj punct root " PUNCT After ADP that PRON , PUNCT " PUNCT continued VERB the DET North PROPN Wind PROPN , PUNCT " PUNCT the DET hunting NOUN commenced VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 " " PUNCT _ 6 continued punct 2 After after ADP _ 3 that case 3 that that PRON Number=Sing PronType=Dem 6 continued obl 4 , , PUNCT _ 3 that punct 5 " " PUNCT _ 3 that punct 6 continued continue VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 7 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 9 Wind det 8 North North PROPN Number=Sing 9 Wind compound 9 Wind Wind PROPN Number=Sing 6 continued obj 10 , , PUNCT _ 14 commenced punct 11 " " PUNCT _ 14 commenced punct 12 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 13 hunting det 13 hunting hunting NOUN Number=Sing 14 commenced nsubj 14 commenced commence VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 6 continued conj 15 . . PUNCT _ 6 continued punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 continue past the North Wind after that vn sustain-55.6 «NP V NP PP.instrument»: agent=Agent wind=Theme 2 commence in a quote past the hunting vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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