congestion Who acts: many cars, heavy congestion, London, Bikes, I, steam · What happens: be, block, have, cut, help, reduce · To what, where: motorway, congestion charge, traffic, congestion, cold, gate
«congestion» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: congestion in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 Too many cars or people in one place, so movement is slow, like traffic congestion.
The tree, 15 words advmod amod nsubj cc conj case nummod nmod punct advmod nsubj cop punct case compound obl punct root Too ADV many ADJ cars NOUN or CCONJ people NOUN in ADP one NUM place NOUN , PUNCT so ADV movement NOUN is AUX slow ADJ , PUNCT like ADP traffic NOUN congestion NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Too too ADV _ 2 many advmod 2 many many ADJ Degree=Pos 3 cars amod 3 cars car NOUN Number=Plur 13 slow nsubj 4 or or CCONJ _ 5 people cc 5 people people NOUN Number=Plur 3 cars conj 6 in in ADP _ 8 place case 7 one one NUM NumForm=Word NumType=Card 8 place nummod 8 place place NOUN Number=Sing 5 people nmod 9 , , PUNCT _ 13 slow punct 10 so so ADV _ 13 slow advmod 11 movement movement NOUN Number=Sing 13 slow nsubj 12 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 13 slow cop 13 slow slow ADJ Degree=Pos root root 14 , , PUNCT _ 17 congestion punct 15 like like ADP _ 17 congestion case 16 traffic traffic NOUN Number=Sing 17 congestion compound 17 congestion congestion NOUN Number=Sing 13 slow obl 18 . . PUNCT _ 13 slow punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is present many cars or people in one place like traffic congestion; slow property tree rules
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 A blocked feeling in the nose or chest from a cold, with too much mucus.
The tree, 15 words det amod case det nmod cc conj case det nmod punct case advmod amod conj punct root A DET blocked VERB feeling NOUN in ADP the DET nose NOUN or CCONJ chest NOUN from ADP a DET cold NOUN , PUNCT with ADP too ADV much ADJ mucus NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 3 feeling det 2 blocked block VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 3 feeling amod 3 feeling feeling NOUN Number=Sing root root 4 in in ADP _ 6 nose case 5 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 6 nose det 6 nose nose NOUN Number=Sing 3 feeling nmod 7 or or CCONJ _ 8 chest cc 8 chest chest NOUN Number=Sing 6 nose conj 9 from from ADP _ 11 cold case 10 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 11 cold det 11 cold cold NOUN Number=Sing 3 feeling nmod 12 , , PUNCT _ 16 mucus punct 13 with with ADP _ 16 mucus case 14 too too ADV _ 15 much advmod 15 much much ADJ Degree=Pos 16 mucus amod 16 mucus mucus NOUN Number=Sing 3 feeling conj 17 . . PUNCT _ 3 feeling punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 block participle vn forbid-64.4-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Causer
Example 1 There was heavy congestion on the motorway.
expl amod nsubj case det obl punct root There PRON was VERB heavy ADJ congestion NOUN on ADP the DET motorway NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 There there PRON PronType=Dem 2 was expl 2 was be VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 heavy heavy ADJ Degree=Pos 4 congestion amod 4 congestion congestion NOUN Number=Sing 2 was nsubj 5 on on ADP _ 7 motorway case 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 motorway det 7 motorway motorway NOUN Number=Sing 2 was obl 8 . . PUNCT _ 2 was punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 be past heavy congestion the motorway; there vn exist-47.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme on motorway=Location
Example 2 London has a congestion charge to cut traffic.
nsubj det compound obj mark acl obj punct root London PROPN has VERB a DET congestion NOUN charge NOUN to PART cut VERB traffic NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 London London PROPN Number=Sing 2 has nsubj 2 has have VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 charge det 4 congestion congestion NOUN Number=Sing 5 charge compound 5 charge charge NOUN Number=Sing 2 has obj 6 to to PART _ 7 cut mark 7 cut cut VERB VerbForm=Inf 5 charge acl 8 traffic traffic NOUN Number=Sing 7 cut obj 9 . . PUNCT _ 2 has punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 have present London a congestion charge vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent charge=Patient 2 cut to-infinitive London not said here traffic vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset traffic=Product
Example 3 Bikes and buses can help reduce congestion.
nsubj cc conj aux xcomp obj punct root Bikes NOUN and CCONJ buses NOUN can AUX help VERB reduce VERB congestion NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Bikes bike NOUN Number=Plur 5 help nsubj 2 and and CCONJ _ 3 buses cc 3 buses bus NOUN Number=Plur 1 Bikes conj 4 can can AUX VerbForm=Fin 5 help aux 5 help help VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 6 reduce reduce VERB VerbForm=Inf 5 help xcomp 7 congestion congestion NOUN Number=Sing 6 reduce obj 8 . . PUNCT _ 5 help punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 help can Bikes and buses vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Theme 2 reduce infinitive Bikes and buses not said here congestion vn limit-76 «NP V NP»: agent=Causer congestion=Patient
Example 4 I have a cold with nasal congestion.
nsubj det obj case amod obl punct root I PRON have VERB a DET cold NOUN with ADP nasal ADJ congestion NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 I I PRON Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 2 have nsubj 2 have have VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 4 cold det 4 cold cold NOUN Number=Sing 2 have obj 5 with with ADP _ 7 congestion case 6 nasal nasal ADJ Degree=Pos 7 congestion amod 7 congestion congestion NOUN Number=Sing 2 have obl 8 . . PUNCT _ 2 have punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 have present I a cold with nasal congestion vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent cold=Patient
Example 5 The steam helped clear my congestion.
det nsubj xcomp nmod:poss obj punct root The DET steam NOUN helped VERB clear VERB my PRON congestion NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 steam det 2 steam steam NOUN Number=Sing 3 helped nsubj 3 helped help VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 clear clear VERB VerbForm=Inf 3 helped xcomp 5 my my PRON Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 6 congestion nmod:poss 6 congestion congestion NOUN Number=Sing 4 clear obj 7 . . PUNCT _ 3 helped punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 help past the steam vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Theme 2 clear infinitive the steam not said here my congestion vn clear-10.3-1 «NP V NP.source»: agent=Agent congestion=Source 3 congest my nom congestion «state transitive»: poss=agent
Example 6 Congestion at the school gate makes it unsafe.
nsubj case det compound nmod obj xcomp punct root Congestion NOUN at ADP the DET school NOUN gate NOUN makes VERB it PRON unsafe ADJ . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Congestion congestion NOUN Number=Sing 6 makes nsubj 2 at at ADP _ 5 gate case 3 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 5 gate det 4 school school NOUN Number=Sing 5 gate compound 5 gate gate NOUN Number=Sing 1 Congestion nmod 6 makes make VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 7 it it PRON Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 6 makes obj 8 unsafe unsafe ADJ Degree=Pos 6 makes xcomp 9 . . PUNCT _ 6 makes punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 make present Congestion at the school gate gate unsafe property vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset it=Product
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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