contend Who acts: you, Farmers, Five teams, something, She, plan · What happens: contend, have, deal, compete, win, say · To what, where: something, strong contender · Speech: someone speaks here
«contend» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: contend in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 Contend with: to have to deal with a problem or difficulty: «Farmers have to contend with drought».
The tree, 17 words obl punct mark parataxis mark xcomp case det obl cc conj punct punct nsubj advcl mark xcomp case obl punct punct root Contend VERB with ADP : PUNCT to PART have VERB to PART deal VERB with ADP a DET problem NOUN or CCONJ difficulty NOUN : PUNCT « PUNCT Farmers NOUN have VERB to PART contend VERB with ADP drought NOUN » PUNCT . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Contend contend VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 2 with with ADP _ 1 Contend obl 3 : : PUNCT _ 5 have punct 4 to to PART _ 5 have mark 5 have have VERB VerbForm=Inf 1 Contend parataxis 6 to to PART _ 7 deal mark 7 deal deal VERB VerbForm=Inf 5 have xcomp 8 with with ADP _ 10 problem case 9 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 10 problem det 10 problem problem NOUN Number=Sing 7 deal obl 11 or or CCONJ _ 12 difficulty cc 12 difficulty difficulty NOUN Number=Sing 10 problem conj 13 : : PUNCT _ 16 have punct 14 « « PUNCT _ 16 have punct 15 Farmers farmer NOUN Number=Plur 16 have nsubj 16 have have VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 have advcl 17 to to PART _ 18 contend mark 18 contend contend VERB VerbForm=Inf 16 have xcomp 19 with with ADP _ 20 drought case 20 drought drought NOUN Number=Sing 18 contend obl 21 » » PUNCT _ 5 have punct 22 . . PUNCT _ 1 Contend punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 contend imperative you not said here vn battle-36.4 «NP V»: agent=Agent 2 have to-infinitive tree rules 3 deal to-infinitive with a problem or difficulty vn cope-83 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent with problem=Theme 4 have in a quote present Farmers tree rules 5 contend in a quote to-infinitive Farmers not said here with drought vn battle-36.4 «NP V PP.co-agent»: agent=Agent with drought=Co-Agent
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 To compete with others to win something: «Five teams are contending for the cup».
The tree, 14 words mark case obl mark advcl obj punct punct nummod nsubj aux appos case det obl punct punct root To PART compete VERB with ADP others NOUN to PART win VERB something PRON : PUNCT « PUNCT Five NUM teams NOUN are AUX contending VERB for ADP the DET cup NOUN » PUNCT . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 To to PART _ 2 compete mark 2 compete compete VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 3 with with ADP _ 4 others case 4 others other NOUN Number=Plur 2 compete obl 5 to to PART _ 6 win mark 6 win win VERB VerbForm=Inf 2 compete advcl 7 something something PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 6 win obj 8 : : PUNCT _ 13 contending punct 9 « « PUNCT _ 13 contending punct 10 Five five NUM NumForm=Word NumType=Card 11 teams nummod 11 teams team NOUN Number=Plur 13 contending nsubj 12 are be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 13 contending aux 13 contending contend VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 7 something appos 14 for for ADP _ 16 cup case 15 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 16 cup det 16 cup cup NOUN Number=Sing 13 contending obl 17 » » PUNCT _ 13 contending punct 18 . . PUNCT _ 2 compete punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 compete to-infinitive with others vn battle-36.4 «NP V PP.co-agent»: agent=Agent with other=Co-Agent 2 win to-infinitive something vn succeed-74-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent something=Eventuality 3 contend in a quote present · progressive Five teams for the cup vn battle-36.4 «NP V»: agent=Agent
Meaning 3 Usage: formal — kept apart, not parsed.
To say firmly that something is true, especially in an argument: «She contends that the plan will fail».
The tree, 18 words mark advmod mark nsubj cop ccomp punct advmod case det parataxis punct punct nsubj conj mark det nsubj aux ccomp punct punct root To PART say VERB firmly ADV that SCONJ something PRON is AUX true ADJ , PUNCT especially ADV in ADP an DET argument NOUN : PUNCT « PUNCT She PRON contends VERB that SCONJ the DET plan NOUN will AUX fail VERB » PUNCT . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 To to PART _ 2 say mark 2 say say VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 3 firmly firmly ADV _ 2 say advmod 4 that that SCONJ _ 7 true mark 5 something something PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 7 true nsubj 6 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 7 true cop 7 true true ADJ Degree=Pos 2 say ccomp 8 , , PUNCT _ 12 argument punct 9 especially especially ADV _ 12 argument advmod 10 in in ADP _ 12 argument case 11 an a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 12 argument det 12 argument argument NOUN Number=Sing 7 true parataxis 13 : : PUNCT _ 16 contends punct 14 « « PUNCT _ 16 contends punct 15 She she PRON Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 16 contends nsubj 16 contends contend VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 12 argument conj 17 that that SCONJ _ 21 fail mark 18 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 19 plan det 19 plan plan NOUN Number=Sing 21 fail nsubj 20 will will AUX VerbForm=Fin 21 fail aux 21 fail fail VERB VerbForm=Inf 16 contends ccomp 22 » » PUNCT _ 21 fail punct 23 . . PUNCT _ 2 say punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 say speech: assert to-infinitive firmly property vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent 2 is present something true property tree rules 3 contend in a quote present She tree rules 4 fail in a quote future the plan vn succeed-74-3-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
Example 1 Explorers in Antarctica had to contend with freezing winds.
nsubj case nmod mark xcomp case compound obl punct root Explorers NOUN in ADP Antarctica PROPN had VERB to PART contend VERB with ADP freezing NOUN winds NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Explorers explorer NOUN Number=Plur 4 had nsubj 2 in in ADP _ 3 Antarctica case 3 Antarctica Antarctica PROPN Number=Sing 1 Explorers nmod 4 had have VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 5 to to PART _ 6 contend mark 6 contend contend VERB VerbForm=Inf 4 had xcomp 7 with with ADP _ 9 winds case 8 freezing freezing NOUN Number=Sing 9 winds compound 9 winds wind NOUN Number=Plur 6 contend obl 10 . . PUNCT _ 4 had punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 have past Explorers in Antarctica tree rules 2 contend to-infinitive Explorers in Antarctica not said here with freezing winds vn battle-36.4 «NP V PP.co-agent»: agent=Agent with wind=Co-Agent
Example 2 Three schools are contending for the trophy.
nummod nsubj aux case det obl punct root Three NUM schools NOUN are AUX contending VERB for ADP the DET trophy NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Three three NUM NumForm=Word NumType=Card 2 schools nummod 2 schools school NOUN Number=Plur 4 contending nsubj 3 are be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 contending aux 4 contending contend VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part root root 5 for for ADP _ 7 trophy case 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 trophy det 7 trophy trophy NOUN Number=Sing 4 contending obl 8 . . PUNCT _ 4 contending punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 contend present · progressive Three schools for the trophy vn battle-36.4 «NP V»: agent=Agent
Example 3 The scientist contends that the bones belong to a new species.
det nsubj mark det nsubj ccomp case det amod obl punct root The DET scientist NOUN contends VERB that SCONJ the DET bones NOUN belong VERB to ADP a DET new ADJ species NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 scientist det 2 scientist scientist NOUN Number=Sing 3 contends nsubj 3 contends contend VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 that that SCONJ _ 7 belong mark 5 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 6 bones det 6 bones bone NOUN Number=Plur 7 belong nsubj 7 belong belong VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 3 contends ccomp 8 to to ADP _ 11 species case 9 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 11 species det 10 new new ADJ Degree=Pos 11 species amod 11 species species NOUN Number=Sing 7 belong obl 12 . . PUNCT _ 3 contends punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 contend present the scientist tree rules 2 belong present the bones to a new species vn attend-107.4-2 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme
Example 4 Our team is a strong contender for the championship.
nmod:poss nsubj cop det amod case det nmod punct root Our PRON team NOUN is AUX a DET strong ADJ contender NOUN for ADP the DET championship NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Our our PRON Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 2 team nmod:poss 2 team team NOUN Number=Sing 6 contender nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 contender cop 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 6 contender det 5 strong strong ADJ Degree=Pos 6 contender amod 6 contender contender NOUN Number=Sing root root 7 for for ADP _ 9 championship case 8 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 9 championship det 9 championship championship NOUN Number=Sing 6 contender nmod 10 . . PUNCT _ 6 contender punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present Our team a strong contender for the championship tree rules
Example 5 Teachers contend with noisy classrooms every day.
nsubj case amod obl det obl:unmarked punct root Teachers NOUN contend VERB with ADP noisy ADJ classrooms NOUN every DET day NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Teachers teacher NOUN Number=Plur 2 contend nsubj 2 contend contend VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 with with ADP _ 5 classrooms case 4 noisy noisy ADJ Degree=Pos 5 classrooms amod 5 classrooms classroom NOUN Number=Plur 2 contend obl 6 every every DET PronType=Tot 7 day det 7 day day NOUN Number=Sing 2 contend obl:unmarked 8 . . PUNCT _ 2 contend punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 contend present Teachers day with noisy classrooms vn battle-36.4 «NP V PP.co-agent»: agent=Agent with classroom=Co-Agent
Example 6 Some people contend that school should start later.
det nsubj mark nsubj aux advcl advmod punct root Some DET people NOUN contend VERB that SCONJ school NOUN should AUX start VERB later ADV . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Some some DET PronType=Ind 2 people det 2 people people NOUN Number=Plur 3 contend nsubj 3 contend contend VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 that that SCONJ _ 7 start mark 5 school school NOUN Number=Sing 7 start nsubj 6 should should AUX VerbForm=Fin 7 start aux 7 start start VERB VerbForm=Inf 3 contend advcl 8 later late ADV Degree=Cmp 7 start advmod 9 . . PUNCT _ 3 contend punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 contend present some people vn battle-36.4 «NP V»: agent=Agent 2 start should school late property vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality
Example 7 Various public performers contended for the prize.
amod amod nsubj case det obl punct root Various ADJ public ADJ performers NOUN contended VERB for ADP the DET prize NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Various various ADJ Degree=Pos 3 performers amod 2 public public ADJ Degree=Pos 3 performers amod 3 performers performer NOUN Number=Plur 4 contended nsubj 4 contended contend VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 5 for for ADP _ 7 prize case 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 prize det 7 prize prize NOUN Number=Sing 4 contended obl 8 . . PUNCT _ 4 contended punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 contend past Various public performers for the prize vn battle-36.4 «NP V»: agent=Agent
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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