continual Who acts: Continual, continuous, teacher, continual questions, little brother, continual rain · What happens: mean, happen, go, stop, be, drive · To what, where: annoying way, better word, me, continual attention, good swimmer, her
«continual» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: continual in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 Continual means happening again and again, often in an annoying way, with short breaks in between.
The tree, 16 words nsubj xcomp advmod cc conj punct advmod case det amod obl punct case amod obl nmod fixed punct root Continual ADJ means VERB happening VERB again ADV and CCONJ again ADV , PUNCT often ADV in ADP an DET annoying ADJ way NOUN , PUNCT with ADP short ADJ breaks NOUN in ADP between ADP . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Continual continual ADJ Degree=Pos 2 means nsubj 2 means mean VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 happening happen VERB VerbForm=Ger 2 means xcomp 4 again again ADV _ 3 happening advmod 5 and and CCONJ _ 6 again cc 6 again again ADV _ 4 again conj 7 , , PUNCT _ 12 way punct 8 often often ADV _ 12 way advmod 9 in in ADP _ 12 way case 10 an a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 12 way det 11 annoying annoying ADJ Degree=Pos 12 way amod 12 way way NOUN Number=Sing 3 happening obl 13 , , PUNCT _ 16 breaks punct 14 with with ADP _ 16 breaks case 15 short short ADJ Degree=Pos 16 breaks amod 16 breaks break NOUN Number=Plur 3 happening obl 17 in in ADP _ 16 breaks nmod 18 between between ADP _ 17 in fixed 19 . . PUNCT _ 2 means punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 mean present Continual vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 2 happen not said to happen gerund Continual not said here a annoying way again with short breaks vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme in way=Location
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 Continual can also mean going on all the time without stopping, though «continuous» is the better word for that.
The tree, 19 words nsubj aux advmod xcomp case det:predet det obl mark advcl punct mark punct nsubj punct cop det amod parataxis case nmod punct root Continual PROPN can AUX also ADV mean VERB going VERB on ADP all DET the DET time NOUN without SCONJ stopping VERB , PUNCT though SCONJ « PUNCT continuous ADJ » PUNCT is AUX the DET better ADJ word NOUN for ADP that PRON . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Continual Continual PROPN Number=Sing 4 mean nsubj 2 can can AUX VerbForm=Fin 4 mean aux 3 also also ADV _ 4 mean advmod 4 mean mean VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 5 going go VERB VerbForm=Ger 4 mean xcomp 6 on on ADP _ 9 time case 7 all all DET PronType=Tot 9 time det:predet 8 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 9 time det 9 time time NOUN Number=Sing 5 going obl 10 without without SCONJ _ 11 stopping mark 11 stopping stop VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 5 going advcl 12 , , PUNCT _ 20 word punct 13 though though SCONJ _ 20 word mark 14 « « PUNCT _ 15 continuous punct 15 continuous continuous ADJ Degree=Pos 20 word nsubj 16 » » PUNCT _ 15 continuous punct 17 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 20 word cop 18 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 20 word det 19 better good ADJ Degree=Cmp 20 word amod 20 word word NOUN Number=Sing 4 mean parataxis 21 for for ADP _ 22 that case 22 that that PRON Number=Sing PronType=Dem 20 word nmod 23 . . PUNCT _ 4 mean punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 mean can Continual vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 2 go not said to happen gerund Continual not said here time vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme 3 stop gerund Continual not said here vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality 4 is a present continuous the better word for that tree rules
Example 1 The teacher was tired of the continual chatter at the back of the class.
The tree, 14 words det nsubj cop case det amod obl case det nmod case det nmod punct root The DET teacher NOUN was AUX tired ADJ of ADP the DET continual ADJ chatter NOUN at ADP the DET back NOUN of ADP the DET class NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 teacher det 2 teacher teacher NOUN Number=Sing 4 tired nsubj 3 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 4 tired cop 4 tired tired ADJ Degree=Pos root root 5 of of ADP _ 8 chatter case 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 8 chatter det 7 continual continual ADJ Degree=Pos 8 chatter amod 8 chatter chatter NOUN Number=Sing 4 tired obl 9 at at ADP _ 11 back case 10 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 11 back det 11 back back NOUN Number=Sing 8 chatter nmod 12 of of ADP _ 14 class case 13 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 14 class det 14 class class NOUN Number=Sing 11 back nmod 15 . . PUNCT _ 4 tired punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is past the teacher of the continual chatter at the back of the class; tired property tree rules
Example 2 My little brother's continual questions drove me mad on the long car trip.
The tree, 14 words nmod:poss amod nmod:poss case amod nsubj obj xcomp case det amod compound obl punct root My PRON little ADJ brother NOUN 's PART continual ADJ questions NOUN drove VERB me PRON mad ADJ on ADP the DET long ADJ car NOUN trip NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 My my PRON Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 3 brother nmod:poss 2 little little ADJ Degree=Pos 3 brother amod 3 brother brother NOUN Number=Sing 6 questions nmod:poss 4 's 's PART _ 3 brother case 5 continual continual ADJ Degree=Pos 6 questions amod 6 questions question NOUN Number=Plur 7 drove nsubj 7 drove drive VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 8 me I PRON Case=Acc Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 7 drove obj 9 mad mad ADJ Degree=Pos 7 drove xcomp 10 on on ADP _ 14 trip case 11 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 14 trip det 12 long long ADJ Degree=Pos 14 trip amod 13 car car NOUN Number=Sing 14 trip compound 14 trip trip NOUN Number=Sing 9 mad obl 15 . . PUNCT _ 7 drove punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 drive past My little brother's continual questions me mad property vn nonvehicle-51.4.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent i=Theme 2 question My little brother nom question «communication transitive»: poss=agent
Example 3 There was continual rain all week in Ireland.
expl amod nsubj det obl:unmarked case nmod punct root There PRON was VERB continual ADJ rain NOUN all DET week NOUN in ADP Ireland PROPN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 There there PRON PronType=Dem 2 was expl 2 was be VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 continual continual ADJ Degree=Pos 4 rain amod 4 rain rain NOUN Number=Sing 2 was nsubj 5 all all DET PronType=Tot 6 week det 6 week week NOUN Number=Sing 2 was obl:unmarked 7 in in ADP _ 8 Ireland case 8 Ireland Ireland PROPN Number=Sing 6 week nmod 9 . . PUNCT _ 2 was punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 be past continual rain there week vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
Example 4 The puppy needs continual attention while it is small.
det nsubj amod obj mark nsubj cop advcl punct root The DET puppy NOUN needs VERB continual ADJ attention NOUN while SCONJ it PRON is AUX small ADJ . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 puppy det 2 puppy puppy NOUN Number=Sing 3 needs nsubj 3 needs need VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 continual continual ADJ Degree=Pos 5 attention amod 5 attention attention NOUN Number=Sing 3 needs obj 6 while while SCONJ _ 9 small mark 7 it it PRON Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 9 small nsubj 8 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 9 small cop 9 small small ADJ Degree=Pos 3 needs advcl 10 . . PUNCT _ 3 needs punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 need present the puppy continual attention vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Pivot attention=Theme 2 is present puppy small property tree rules
Example 5 Continual practice made her a good swimmer.
amod nsubj obj det amod obj punct root Continual ADJ practice NOUN made VERB her PRON a DET good ADJ swimmer NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Continual continual ADJ Degree=Pos 2 practice amod 2 practice practice NOUN Number=Sing 3 made nsubj 3 made make VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 her she PRON Case=Acc Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 3 made obj 5 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 7 swimmer det 6 good good ADJ Degree=Pos 7 swimmer amod 7 swimmer swimmer NOUN Number=Sing 3 made obj 8 . . PUNCT _ 3 made punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 make past Continual practice a good swimmer her = she vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP NP»: agent=Asset she=Beneficiary swimmer=Product
Example 6 The old car had continual problems with its engine.
det amod nsubj amod obj case nmod:poss nmod punct root The DET old ADJ car NOUN had VERB continual ADJ problems NOUN with ADP its PRON engine NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 car det 2 old old ADJ Degree=Pos 3 car amod 3 car car NOUN Number=Sing 4 had nsubj 4 had have VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 5 continual continual ADJ Degree=Pos 6 problems amod 6 problems problem NOUN Number=Plur 4 had obj 7 with with ADP _ 9 engine case 8 its its PRON Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 9 engine nmod:poss 9 engine engine NOUN Number=Sing 6 problems nmod 10 . . PUNCT _ 4 had punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 have past the old car continual problems with car's engine vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent problem=Patient
Example 7 Their continual arguing spoiled the picnic.
nmod:poss amod nsubj det obj punct root Their PRON continual ADJ arguing NOUN spoiled VERB the DET picnic NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Their their PRON Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 3 arguing nmod:poss 2 continual continual ADJ Degree=Pos 3 arguing amod 3 arguing arguing NOUN _ 4 spoiled nsubj 4 spoiled spoil VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 5 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 6 picnic det 6 picnic picnic NOUN Number=Sing 4 spoiled obj 7 . . PUNCT _ 4 spoiled punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 spoil past Their continual arguing the picnic tree rules
Example 8 The heavens were lighted up with continual flashes, and peal after peal of thunder rolled.
The tree, 15 words det nsubj:pass aux:pass compound:prt case amod obl punct cc nsubj:pass case nmod case nmod advcl punct root The DET heavens NOUN were AUX lighted VERB up ADP with ADP continual ADJ flashes NOUN , PUNCT and CCONJ peal NOUN after ADP peal NOUN of ADP thunder NOUN rolled VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 heavens det 2 heavens heaven NOUN Number=Plur 4 lighted nsubj:pass 3 were be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 4 lighted aux:pass 4 lighted light VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass root root 5 up up ADP _ 4 lighted compound:prt 6 with with ADP _ 8 flashes case 7 continual continual ADJ Degree=Pos 8 flashes amod 8 flashes flash NOUN Number=Plur 4 lighted obl 9 , , PUNCT _ 16 rolled punct 10 and and CCONJ _ 16 rolled cc 11 peal peal NOUN Number=Sing 16 rolled nsubj:pass 12 after after ADP _ 13 peal case 13 peal peal NOUN Number=Sing 11 peal nmod 14 of of ADP _ 15 thunder case 15 thunder thunder NOUN Number=Sing 13 peal nmod 16 rolled roll VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 4 lighted advcl 17 . . PUNCT _ 4 lighted punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 light up past · passive the heavens with continual flashes vn preparing-26.3-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Product with flash=Material 2 roll participle · passive peal after peal of thunder vn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V NP»: subject=Agent 3 peal thunder nom peal «event intransitive»: of=agent
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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