contradiction Who acts: situation, contradiction, She, someone, you, Freezing · What happens: not be, be, say, speak, seem, oppose · To what, where: opposite, phrase, each, contradiction, terms, alibi · Speech: someone speaks here
«contradiction» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: contradiction in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 A situation in which two statements or facts cannot both be true: «There is a contradiction between his two stories».
The tree, 21 words det nsubj case nsubj nummod nmod cc conj aux advmod nsubj cop punct punct expl parataxis det nsubj case nmod:poss nummod nmod punct punct root A DET situation NOUN in ADP which PRON two NUM statements NOUN or CCONJ facts NOUN can AUX not PART both DET be AUX true ADJ : PUNCT « PUNCT There PRON is VERB a DET contradiction NOUN between ADP his PRON two NUM stories NOUN » PUNCT . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 situation det 2 situation situation NOUN Number=Sing 13 true nsubj 3 in in ADP _ 6 statements case 4 which which PRON PronType=Rel 6 statements nsubj 5 two two NUM NumForm=Word NumType=Card 6 statements nummod 6 statements statement NOUN Number=Plur 2 situation nmod 7 or or CCONJ _ 8 facts cc 8 facts fact NOUN Number=Plur 6 statements conj 9 can can AUX VerbForm=Fin 13 true aux 10 not not PART Polarity=Neg 13 true advmod 11 both both DET PronType=Tot 13 true nsubj 12 be be AUX VerbForm=Inf 13 true cop 13 true true ADJ Degree=Pos root root 14 : : PUNCT _ 17 is punct 15 « « PUNCT _ 17 is punct 16 There there PRON PronType=Dem 17 is expl 17 is be VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 13 true parataxis 18 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 19 contradiction det 19 contradiction contradiction NOUN Number=Sing 17 is nsubj 20 between between ADP _ 23 stories case 21 his his PRON Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 23 stories nmod:poss 22 two two NUM NumForm=Word NumType=Card 23 stories nummod 23 stories story NOUN Number=Plur 19 contradiction nmod 24 » » PUNCT _ 17 is punct 25 . . PUNCT _ 13 true punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 not is can a situation in two statements or facts true property tree rules 2 be in a quote present a contradiction between contradiction's two stories there vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 Saying the opposite of what someone else has said: «She spoke without contradiction».
The tree, 13 words advcl det obj case nmod nsubj advmod aux acl:relcl punct punct nsubj case obl punct punct root Saying VERB the DET opposite NOUN of ADP what PRON someone PRON else ADV has AUX said VERB : PUNCT « PUNCT She PRON spoke VERB without ADP contradiction NOUN » PUNCT . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Saying say VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 13 spoke advcl 2 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 opposite det 3 opposite opposite NOUN Number=Sing 1 Saying obj 4 of of ADP _ 5 what case 5 what what PRON PronType=Rel 3 opposite nmod 6 someone someone PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 9 said nsubj 7 else else ADV _ 6 someone advmod 8 has have AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 9 said aux 9 said say VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part 5 what acl:relcl 10 : : PUNCT _ 1 Saying punct 11 « « PUNCT _ 13 spoke punct 12 She she PRON Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 13 spoke nsubj 13 spoke speak VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 14 without without ADP _ 15 contradiction case 15 contradiction contradiction NOUN Number=Sing 13 spoke obl 16 » » PUNCT _ 13 spoke punct 17 . . PUNCT _ 13 spoke punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 say speech: assert gerund She not said here the opposite vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent opposite=Topic 2 say speech: assert present · perfect someone vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent 3 speak speech: other in a quote past She without contradiction vn talk-37.5 «NP V»: agent=Agent
Meaning 3 A contradiction in terms: a phrase whose parts seem to oppose each other, like «a quiet shout».
The tree, 17 words det nsubj case nmod punct det obl nmod:poss nsubj mark xcomp obj fixed punct case punct det amod obl punct punct root A DET contradiction NOUN in ADP terms NOUN : PUNCT a DET phrase NOUN whose PRON parts NOUN seem VERB to PART oppose VERB each DET other ADJ , PUNCT like ADP « PUNCT a DET quiet ADJ shout NOUN » PUNCT . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 contradiction det 2 contradiction contradiction NOUN Number=Sing 10 seem nsubj 3 in in ADP _ 4 terms case 4 terms term NOUN Number=Plur 2 contradiction nmod 5 : : PUNCT _ 7 phrase punct 6 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 7 phrase det 7 phrase phrase NOUN Number=Sing 10 seem obl 8 whose whose PRON Poss=Yes PronType=Rel 9 parts nmod:poss 9 parts part NOUN Number=Plur 10 seem nsubj 10 seem seem VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 11 to to PART _ 12 oppose mark 12 oppose oppose VERB VerbForm=Inf 10 seem xcomp 13 each each DET ExtPos=PRON PronType=Rcp 12 oppose obj 14 other other ADJ Degree=Pos 13 each fixed 15 , , PUNCT _ 20 shout punct 16 like like ADP _ 20 shout case 17 « « PUNCT _ 20 shout punct 18 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 20 shout det 19 quiet quiet ADJ Degree=Pos 20 shout amod 20 shout shout NOUN Number=Sing 12 oppose obl 21 » » PUNCT _ 20 shout punct 22 . . PUNCT _ 10 seem punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 seem present a contradiction in terms a phrase vn seem-109-1-1-1 «NP V S_INF»: agent=Theme clause=Attribute 2 oppose to-infinitive a contradiction in terms not said here each like a quiet shout vn amalgamate-22.2-3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent each=Patient
Example 1 There is a contradiction in your story: first you said Monday, then Tuesday.
The tree, 13 words expl det nsubj case nmod:poss nmod punct advmod nsubj parataxis obl:unmarked punct advmod obl:unmarked punct root There PRON is VERB a DET contradiction NOUN in ADP your PRON story NOUN : PUNCT first ADV you PRON said VERB Monday PROPN , PUNCT then ADV Tuesday PROPN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 There there PRON PronType=Dem 2 is expl 2 is be VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 4 contradiction det 4 contradiction contradiction NOUN Number=Sing 2 is nsubj 5 in in ADP _ 7 story case 6 your your PRON Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 7 story nmod:poss 7 story story NOUN Number=Sing 4 contradiction nmod 8 : : PUNCT _ 11 said punct 9 first first ADV NumForm=Word NumType=Ord 11 said advmod 10 you you PRON Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs 11 said nsubj 11 said say VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 2 is parataxis 12 Monday Monday PROPN Number=Sing 11 said obl:unmarked 13 , , PUNCT _ 15 Tuesday punct 14 then then ADV PronType=Dem 15 Tuesday advmod 15 Tuesday Tuesday PROPN Number=Sing 11 said obl:unmarked 16 . . PUNCT _ 2 is punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 be present a contradiction in your story there vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme 2 say speech: assert past you monday; tuesday first property vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent
Example 2 «Freezing hot» is a contradiction in terms.
punct csubj xcomp punct cop det case nmod punct root « PUNCT Freezing VERB hot ADJ » PUNCT is AUX a DET contradiction NOUN in ADP terms NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 « « PUNCT _ 2 Freezing punct 2 Freezing freeze VERB VerbForm=Ger 7 contradiction csubj 3 hot hot ADJ Degree=Pos 2 Freezing xcomp 4 » » PUNCT _ 2 Freezing punct 5 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 7 contradiction cop 6 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 7 contradiction det 7 contradiction contradiction NOUN Number=Sing root root 8 in in ADP _ 9 terms case 9 terms term NOUN Number=Plur 7 contradiction nmod 10 . . PUNCT _ 7 contradiction punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 freeze in a quote gerund hot property vn other_cos-45.4-1 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient 2 is a present Freezing a contradiction terms tree rules
Example 3 The detective noticed a contradiction in the butler's alibi.
det nsubj det obj case det nmod:poss case obl punct root The DET detective NOUN noticed VERB a DET contradiction NOUN in ADP the DET butler NOUN 's PART alibi NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 detective det 2 detective detective NOUN Number=Sing 3 noticed nsubj 3 noticed notice VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 contradiction det 5 contradiction contradiction NOUN Number=Sing 3 noticed obj 6 in in ADP _ 10 alibi case 7 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 8 butler det 8 butler butler NOUN Number=Sing 10 alibi nmod:poss 9 's 's PART _ 8 butler case 10 alibi alibi NOUN Number=Sing 3 noticed obl 11 . . PUNCT _ 3 noticed punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 notice past the detective a contradiction the butler's alibi vn see-30.1-1 «NP V S»: agent=Experiencer contradiction=Stimulus 2 alibi the butler nom alibi «communication transitive»: poss=agent
Example 4 In maths we used proof by contradiction to show there is no biggest number.
The tree, 14 words case obl nsubj obj case obl mark advcl expl ccomp det amod nsubj punct root In ADP maths NOUN we PRON used VERB proof NOUN by ADP contradiction NOUN to PART show VERB there PRON is VERB no DET biggest ADJ number NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 In in ADP _ 2 maths case 2 maths math NOUN Number=Plur 4 used obl 3 we we PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs 4 used nsubj 4 used use VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 5 proof proof NOUN Number=Sing 4 used obj 6 by by ADP _ 7 contradiction case 7 contradiction contradiction NOUN Number=Sing 4 used obl 8 to to PART _ 9 show mark 9 show show VERB VerbForm=Inf 4 used advcl 10 there there PRON PronType=Dem 11 is expl 11 is be VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 9 show ccomp 12 no no DET PronType=Neg 14 number det 13 biggest big ADJ Degree=Sup 14 number amod 14 number number NOUN Number=Sing 11 is nsubj 15 . . PUNCT _ 4 used punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 use past we proof maths by contradiction vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent proof=Patient 2 show to-infinitive we not said here vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 3 be present no biggest number there vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
Example 5 His actions were in contradiction to his promises.
nmod:poss nsubj cop case case nmod:poss nmod punct root His PRON actions NOUN were AUX in ADP contradiction NOUN to ADP his PRON promises NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 His his PRON Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 2 actions nmod:poss 2 actions action NOUN Number=Plur 5 contradiction nsubj 3 were be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 5 contradiction cop 4 in in ADP _ 5 contradiction case 5 contradiction contradiction NOUN Number=Sing root root 6 to to ADP _ 8 promises case 7 his his PRON Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 8 promises nmod:poss 8 promises promise NOUN Number=Plur 5 contradiction nmod 9 . . PUNCT _ 5 contradiction punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is past His actions contradiction to his promises tree rules 2 act His = he nom action «act intransitive»: poss=agent 3 promise his = he nom promise «communication transitive»: poss=agent
Example 6 Saying that all rules must be broken is a contradiction, because that is itself a rule.
The tree, 16 words csubj mark det nsubj:pass aux aux:pass ccomp cop det punct mark nsubj cop nsubj det conj punct root Saying VERB that SCONJ all DET rules NOUN must AUX be AUX broken VERB is AUX a DET contradiction NOUN , PUNCT because SCONJ that PRON is AUX itself PRON a DET rule NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Saying say VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 10 contradiction csubj 2 that that SCONJ _ 7 broken mark 3 all all DET PronType=Tot 4 rules det 4 rules rule NOUN Number=Plur 7 broken nsubj:pass 5 must must AUX VerbForm=Fin 7 broken aux 6 be be AUX VerbForm=Inf 7 broken aux:pass 7 broken break VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 1 Saying ccomp 8 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 10 contradiction cop 9 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 10 contradiction det 10 contradiction contradiction NOUN Number=Sing root root 11 , , PUNCT _ 17 rule punct 12 because because SCONJ _ 17 rule mark 13 that that PRON Number=Sing PronType=Dem 17 rule nsubj 14 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 17 rule cop 15 itself itself PRON Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs Reflex=Yes 14 is nsubj 16 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 17 rule det 17 rule rule NOUN Number=Sing 10 contradiction conj 18 . . PUNCT _ 10 contradiction punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 say speech: assert gerund vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 2 break must · passive all rules vn hurt-40.8.3-1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient 3 is a present Saying a contradiction and a rule tree rules 4 is a present that a rule tree rules
Example 7 The two websites gave answers in direct contradiction.
det nummod nsubj obj case amod obl punct root The DET two NUM websites NOUN gave VERB answers NOUN in ADP direct ADJ contradiction NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 websites det 2 two two NUM NumForm=Word NumType=Card 3 websites nummod 3 websites website NOUN Number=Plur 4 gave nsubj 4 gave give VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 5 answers answer NOUN Number=Plur 4 gave obj 6 in in ADP _ 8 contradiction case 7 direct direct ADJ Degree=Pos 8 contradiction amod 8 contradiction contradiction NOUN Number=Sing 4 gave obl 9 . . PUNCT _ 4 gave punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 give past the two websites answers direct contradiction vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent answer=Theme
Example 8 Soft tones and charming songs reached her ear, as well as harsh sounds and rough words--thoughts and opinions in strange contradiction to each other.
The tree, 25 words amod nsubj cc amod conj nmod:poss obj punct cc fixed fixed amod obj cc amod conj punct conj cc conj case amod nmod case nmod fixed punct root Soft ADJ tones NOUN and CCONJ charming VERB songs NOUN reached VERB her PRON ear NOUN , PUNCT as ADV well ADV as ADP harsh ADJ sounds NOUN and CCONJ rough ADJ words NOUN -- PUNCT thoughts NOUN and CCONJ opinions NOUN in ADP strange ADJ contradiction NOUN to ADP each DET other ADJ . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Soft soft ADJ Degree=Pos 2 tones amod 2 tones tone NOUN Number=Plur 6 reached nsubj 3 and and CCONJ _ 5 songs cc 4 charming charm VERB VerbForm=Ger 5 songs amod 5 songs song NOUN Number=Plur 2 tones conj 6 reached reach VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 7 her her PRON Case=Gen Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 8 ear nmod:poss 8 ear ear NOUN Number=Sing 6 reached obj 9 , , PUNCT _ 14 sounds punct 10 as as ADV ExtPos=CCONJ 14 sounds cc 11 well well ADV Degree=Pos 10 as fixed 12 as as ADP _ 10 as fixed 13 harsh harsh ADJ Degree=Pos 14 sounds amod 14 sounds sound NOUN Number=Plur 6 reached obj 15 and and CCONJ _ 17 words cc 16 rough rough ADJ Degree=Pos 17 words amod 17 words word NOUN Number=Plur 14 sounds conj 18 -- -- PUNCT _ 19 thoughts punct 19 thoughts thought NOUN Number=Plur 14 sounds conj 20 and and CCONJ _ 21 opinions cc 21 opinions opinion NOUN Number=Plur 19 thoughts conj 22 in in ADP _ 24 contradiction case 23 strange strange ADJ Degree=Pos 24 contradiction amod 24 contradiction contradiction NOUN Number=Sing 19 thoughts nmod 25 to to ADP _ 26 each case 26 each each DET PronType=Tot 24 contradiction nmod 27 other other ADJ Degree=Pos 26 each fixed 28 . . PUNCT _ 6 reached punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 charm gerund vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer 2 reach past Soft tones and charming songs her ear vn get-13.5.1 «NP V NP.beneficiary NP»: agent=Agent ear=Beneficiary sound=Theme
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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