convection Who acts: Convection, heat, warm part, cooler part, current, Hot water · What happens: be, move, rise, sink, make, go round · To what, where: way, liquid, current, warm air, ceiling, pan
«convection» in the school dictionary: its meaning for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: convection in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 Convection is the way heat moves through a liquid or a gas: the warm part rises and the cooler part sinks, making a current that goes round.
The tree, 27 words nsubj cop det nsubj acl:relcl case det obl cc det conj punct det amod nsubj parataxis cc det amod nsubj conj punct advcl det obj nsubj acl:relcl advmod punct root Convection NOUN is AUX the DET way NOUN heat NOUN moves VERB through ADP a DET liquid NOUN or CCONJ a DET gas NOUN : PUNCT the DET warm ADJ part NOUN rises VERB and CCONJ the DET cooler ADJ part NOUN sinks VERB , PUNCT making VERB a DET current NOUN that PRON goes VERB round ADV . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Convection convection NOUN Number=Sing 4 way nsubj 2 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 way cop 3 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 4 way det 4 way way NOUN Number=Sing root root 5 heat heat NOUN Number=Sing 6 moves nsubj 6 moves move VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 way acl:relcl 7 through through ADP _ 9 liquid case 8 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 9 liquid det 9 liquid liquid NOUN Number=Sing 6 moves obl 10 or or CCONJ _ 12 gas cc 11 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 12 gas det 12 gas gas NOUN Number=Sing 9 liquid conj 13 : : PUNCT _ 17 rises punct 14 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 16 part det 15 warm warm ADJ Degree=Pos 16 part amod 16 part part NOUN Number=Sing 17 rises nsubj 17 rises rise VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 way parataxis 18 and and CCONJ _ 22 sinks cc 19 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 21 part det 20 cooler cool ADJ Degree=Cmp 21 part amod 21 part part NOUN Number=Sing 22 sinks nsubj 22 sinks sink VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 17 rises conj 23 , , PUNCT _ 24 making punct 24 making make VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 22 sinks advcl 25 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 26 current det 26 current current NOUN Number=Sing 24 making obj 27 that that PRON PronType=Rel 28 goes nsubj 28 goes go VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 26 current acl:relcl 29 round round ADV _ 28 goes advmod 30 . . PUNCT _ 4 way punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present Convection the way tree rules 2 move present heat the way not said here a liquid or a gas vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V NP PP.trajectory»: agent=Agent way=Theme through liquid=Trajectory 3 rise present the warm part vn assuming_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent 4 sink present the cooler part vn other_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient 5 make gerund the cooler part not said here a current vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset current=Product 6 go round present a current round property vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Example 1 Convection carries warm air up to the ceiling.
nsubj amod obj advmod case det obl punct root Convection NOUN carries VERB warm ADJ air NOUN up ADV to ADP the DET ceiling NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Convection convection NOUN Number=Sing 2 carries nsubj 2 carries carry VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 warm warm ADJ Degree=Pos 4 air amod 4 air air NOUN Number=Sing 2 carries obj 5 up up ADV _ 2 carries advmod 6 to to ADP _ 8 ceiling case 7 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 8 ceiling det 8 ceiling ceiling NOUN Number=Sing 2 carries obl 9 . . PUNCT _ 2 carries punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 carry up present Convection warm air the ceiling vn carry-11.4 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent air=Theme to ceiling=Destination
Example 2 Hot water rises by convection in a pan.
amod nsubj case obl case det obl punct root Hot ADJ water NOUN rises VERB by ADP convection NOUN in ADP a DET pan NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Hot hot ADJ Degree=Pos 2 water amod 2 water water NOUN Number=Sing 3 rises nsubj 3 rises rise VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 by by ADP _ 5 convection case 5 convection convection NOUN Number=Sing 3 rises obl 6 in in ADP _ 8 pan case 7 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 8 pan det 8 pan pan NOUN Number=Sing 3 rises obl 9 . . PUNCT _ 3 rises punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 rise present Hot water a pan by convection vn assuming_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent by convection=Location
Example 3 A radiator heats a room by convection.
det nsubj det obj case obl punct root A DET radiator NOUN heats VERB a DET room NOUN by ADP convection NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 radiator det 2 radiator radiator NOUN Number=Sing 3 heats nsubj 3 heats heat VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 room det 5 room room NOUN Number=Sing 3 heats obj 6 by by ADP _ 7 convection case 7 convection convection NOUN Number=Sing 3 heats obl 8 . . PUNCT _ 3 heats punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 heat present a radiator a room by convection vn cooking-45.3 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent room=Patient
Example 4 Draw arrows to show the convection current.
compound nsubj mark det compound obj punct root Draw NOUN arrows NOUN to PART show VERB the DET convection NOUN current NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Draw draw NOUN Number=Sing 2 arrows compound 2 arrows arrow NOUN Number=Plur 4 show nsubj 3 to to PART _ 4 show mark 4 show show VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 5 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 current det 6 convection convection NOUN Number=Sing 7 current compound 7 current current NOUN Number=Sing 4 show obj 8 . . PUNCT _ 4 show punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 show to-infinitive Draw arrows the convection current vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent current=Recipient
Example 5 A convection oven has a fan to blow hot air around.
det compound nsubj det obj mark acl amod obj advmod punct root A DET convection NOUN oven NOUN has VERB a DET fan NOUN to PART blow VERB hot ADJ air NOUN around ADV . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 3 oven det 2 convection convection NOUN Number=Sing 3 oven compound 3 oven oven NOUN Number=Sing 4 has nsubj 4 has have VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 5 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 6 fan det 6 fan fan NOUN Number=Sing 4 has obj 7 to to PART _ 8 blow mark 8 blow blow VERB VerbForm=Inf 6 fan acl 9 hot hot ADJ Degree=Pos 10 air amod 10 air air NOUN Number=Sing 8 blow obj 11 around around ADV _ 8 blow advmod 12 . . PUNCT _ 4 has punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 have present a convection oven a fan vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent fan=Patient 2 blow around to-infinitive a convection oven not said here hot air around property vn split-23.2 «NP V NP apart»: agent=Agent air=Patient
Example 6 Sea breezes are caused by convection.
compound nsubj:pass aux:pass case obl punct root Sea NOUN breezes NOUN are AUX caused VERB by ADP convection NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Sea sea NOUN Number=Sing 2 breezes compound 2 breezes breeze NOUN Number=Plur 4 caused nsubj:pass 3 are be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 caused aux:pass 4 caused cause VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass root root 5 by by ADP _ 6 convection case 6 convection convection NOUN Number=Sing 4 caused obl 7 . . PUNCT _ 4 caused punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 cause present · passive convection Sea breezes vn engender-27.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Precondition subject=Patient
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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