courage Who acts: Courage, you, your, It, She, cowardly lion · What happens: be, do, frighten, feel, mean, believe · To what, where: ability, something, you, courage, truth, teacher · Speech: someone speaks here
«courage» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: courage in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 Courage is the ability to do something that frightens you or is difficult, even when you feel afraid: bravery.
The tree, 19 words nsubj cop det mark acl obj nsubj acl:relcl obj cc cop conj punct advmod advmod nsubj parataxis xcomp punct conj punct root Courage NOUN is AUX the DET ability NOUN to PART do VERB something PRON that PRON frightens VERB you PRON or CCONJ is AUX difficult ADJ , PUNCT even ADV when ADV you PRON feel VERB afraid ADJ : PUNCT bravery NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Courage courage NOUN Number=Sing 4 ability nsubj 2 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 ability cop 3 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 4 ability det 4 ability ability NOUN Number=Sing root root 5 to to PART _ 6 do mark 6 do do VERB VerbForm=Inf 4 ability acl 7 something something PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 6 do obj 8 that that PRON PronType=Rel 9 frightens nsubj 9 frightens frighten VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 7 something acl:relcl 10 you you PRON Case=Acc Person=2 PronType=Prs 9 frightens obj 11 or or CCONJ _ 13 difficult cc 12 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 13 difficult cop 13 difficult difficult ADJ Degree=Pos 9 frightens conj 14 , , PUNCT _ 18 feel punct 15 even even ADV _ 18 feel advmod 16 when when ADV PronType=Int 18 feel advmod 17 you you PRON Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs 18 feel nsubj 18 feel feel VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 ability parataxis 19 afraid afraid ADJ Degree=Pos 18 feel xcomp 20 : : PUNCT _ 21 bravery punct 21 bravery bravery NOUN Number=Sing 4 ability conj 22 . . PUNCT _ 4 ability punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present Courage the ability and bravery tree rules 2 do to-infinitive something vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent something=Eventuality 3 frighten present you vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus you=Experiencer 4 is present difficult property tree rules 5 feel present you afraid property vn stimulus_subject-30.4 «NP V ADJ»: agent=Stimulus
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 «The courage of your convictions» means being brave enough to do what you believe is right.
The tree, 16 words punct det nsubj case nmod:poss nmod punct cop csubj advmod mark advcl obj nsubj acl:relcl cop ccomp punct root « PUNCT The DET courage NOUN of ADP your PRON convictions NOUN » PUNCT means VERB being AUX brave ADJ enough ADV to PART do VERB what PRON you PRON believe VERB is AUX right ADJ . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 « « PUNCT _ 3 courage punct 2 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 courage det 3 courage courage NOUN Number=Sing 8 means nsubj 4 of of ADP _ 6 convictions case 5 your your PRON Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 6 convictions nmod:poss 6 convictions conviction NOUN Number=Plur 3 courage nmod 7 » » PUNCT _ 3 courage punct 8 means mean VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 9 being be AUX Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 10 brave cop 10 brave brave ADJ Degree=Pos 18 right csubj 11 enough enough ADV _ 10 brave advmod 12 to to PART _ 13 do mark 13 do do VERB VerbForm=Inf 10 brave advcl 14 what what PRON PronType=Int 13 do obj 15 you you PRON Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs 16 believe nsubj 16 believe believe VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 14 what acl:relcl 17 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 18 right cop 18 right right ADJ Degree=Pos 8 means ccomp 19 . . PUNCT _ 8 means punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 mean present the courage of your convictions vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent 2 is gerund brave, enough property tree rules 3 do to-infinitive vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent what=Eventuality 4 believe present you vn admire-31.2 «NP V that S»: agent=Experiencer 5 is present right property tree rules 6 convict in a quote your nom conviction «cognition transitive»: poss=agent
Example 1 It took courage to tell the teacher the truth.
nsubj obj mark advcl det obj det obj punct root It PRON took VERB courage NOUN to PART tell VERB the DET teacher NOUN the DET truth NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 It it PRON Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 2 took nsubj 2 took take VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 courage courage NOUN Number=Sing 2 took obj 4 to to PART _ 5 tell mark 5 tell tell VERB VerbForm=Inf 2 took advcl 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 teacher det 7 teacher teacher NOUN Number=Sing 5 tell obj 8 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 9 truth det 9 truth truth NOUN Number=Sing 5 tell obj 10 . . PUNCT _ 2 took punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 take past It courage vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent courage=Theme 2 tell speech: assert to-infinitive the truth the teacher vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP-Dative NP»: agent=Agent teacher=Recipient truth=Topic
Example 2 She plucked up the courage to jump off the diving board.
nsubj compound:prt det obj mark advcl case det compound obl punct root She PRON plucked VERB up ADP the DET courage NOUN to PART jump VERB off ADP the DET diving NOUN board NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 She she PRON Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 2 plucked nsubj 2 plucked pluck VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 up up ADP _ 2 plucked compound:prt 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 5 courage det 5 courage courage NOUN Number=Sing 2 plucked obj 6 to to PART _ 7 jump mark 7 jump jump VERB VerbForm=Inf 2 plucked advcl 8 off off ADP _ 11 board case 9 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 11 board det 10 diving diving NOUN Number=Sing 11 board compound 11 board board NOUN Number=Sing 7 jump obl 12 . . PUNCT _ 2 plucked punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 pluck up past She the courage vn braid-41.2.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent courage=Patient 2 jump off to-infinitive She not said here the diving board vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme board=Trajectory
Example 3 The firefighter was praised for his courage.
det nsubj:pass aux:pass case nmod:poss obl punct root The DET firefighter NOUN was AUX praised VERB for ADP his PRON courage NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 firefighter det 2 firefighter firefighter NOUN Number=Sing 4 praised nsubj:pass 3 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 4 praised aux:pass 4 praised praise VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass root root 5 for for ADP _ 7 courage case 6 his his PRON Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 7 courage nmod:poss 7 courage courage NOUN Number=Sing 4 praised obl 8 . . PUNCT _ 4 praised punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 praise past · passive the firefighter for his courage vn judgment-33.1-1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: subject=Theme for courage=Attribute
Example 4 Courage is not having no fear — it's doing the right thing anyway.
The tree, 13 words nsubj aux advmod det obj punct nsubj aux parataxis det amod obj advmod punct root Courage NOUN is AUX not PART having VERB no DET fear NOUN — PUNCT it PRON 's AUX doing VERB the DET right ADJ thing NOUN anyway ADV . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Courage courage NOUN Number=Sing 4 having nsubj 2 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 having aux 3 not not PART Polarity=Neg 4 having advmod 4 having have VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part root root 5 no no DET PronType=Neg 6 fear det 6 fear fear NOUN Number=Sing 4 having obj 7 — - PUNCT _ 10 doing punct 8 it it PRON Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 10 doing nsubj 9 's be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 10 doing aux 10 doing do VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 4 having parataxis 11 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 13 thing det 12 right right ADJ Degree=Pos 13 thing amod 13 thing thing NOUN Number=Sing 10 doing obj 14 anyway anyway ADV _ 10 doing advmod 15 . . PUNCT _ 4 having punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 not have present · progressive Courage no fear vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent fear=Patient 2 do present · progressive Courage the right thing anyway property vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent thing=Eventuality
Example 5 The cowardly lion went to find courage from the Wizard of Oz.
det amod nsubj mark xcomp obj case det nmod case nmod root The DET cowardly ADJ lion NOUN went VERB to PART find VERB courage NOUN from ADP the DET Wizard PROPN of ADP Oz. PROPN The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 lion det 2 cowardly cowardly ADJ Degree=Pos 3 lion amod 3 lion lion NOUN Number=Sing 4 went nsubj 4 went go VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 5 to to PART _ 6 find mark 6 find find VERB VerbForm=Inf 4 went xcomp 7 courage courage NOUN Number=Sing 6 find obj 8 from from ADP _ 10 Wizard case 9 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 10 Wizard det 10 Wizard Wizard PROPN Number=Sing 7 courage nmod 11 of of ADP _ 12 Oz. case 12 Oz. Oz. PROPN Number=Sing 10 Wizard nmod
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 go past the cowardly lion vn say-37.7 «NP V S-Quote»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 2 find to-infinitive the cowardly lion not said here courage from the Wizard of Oz. vn get-13.5.1 «NP V NP PP.source»: agent=Agent courage=Theme from wizard=Source
Example 6 Standing up for a friend takes courage.
csubj compound:prt case det obl obj punct root Standing VERB up ADP for ADP a DET friend NOUN takes VERB courage NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Standing stand VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 6 takes csubj 2 up up ADP _ 1 Standing compound:prt 3 for for ADP _ 5 friend case 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 friend det 5 friend friend NOUN Number=Sing 1 Standing obl 6 takes take VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 7 courage courage NOUN Number=Sing 6 takes obj 8 . . PUNCT _ 6 takes punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 stand up gerund for a friend vn assuming_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent 2 take present Standing courage vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent courage=Theme
Example 7 Well, have you lost your courage?
discourse punct aux nsubj nmod:poss obj punct root Well INTJ , PUNCT have AUX you PRON lost VERB your PRON courage NOUN ? PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Well well INTJ _ 5 lost discourse 2 , , PUNCT _ 1 Well punct 3 have have AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 lost aux 4 you you PRON Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs 5 lost nsubj 5 lost lose VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part root root 6 your your PRON Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 7 courage nmod:poss 7 courage courage NOUN Number=Sing 5 lost obj 8 ? ? PUNCT _ 5 lost punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 lose present · perfect you your courage vn succeed-74-3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent courage=Eventuality
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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